Medical Specialties Commons^™

Exploring Pediatrics In The Philippines, Taylor Hansen

Posters

Describes her learning experience in the Philippines with the Jose Fabella Memorial Milk Bank, Fabella's Kangaroo Mother Care Unit, and Talisay Health Center in 2017.

Tender Loving Care At The Lake Clinic, Cambodia, Shubra Srinivas

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience at The Lake Clinic in Cambodia caring for children and adults in a low resource setting in 2017.

Mammogram And Tomosynthesis Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks, Xiaofei Zhang

Theses and Dissertations--Computer Science

Mammography is the most widely used method of screening for breast cancer. Traditional mammography produces two-dimensional X-ray images, while advanced tomosynthesis mammography produces reconstructed three-dimensional images. Due to high variability in tumor size and shape, and the low signal-to-noise ratio inherent to mammography, manual classification yields a significant number of false positives, thereby contributing to an unnecessarily large number of biopsies performed to reduce the risk of misdiagnosis. Achieving high diagnostic accuracy requires expertise acquired over many years of experience as a radiologist.

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a popular deep-learning construct used in image classification. The convolutional process …

The Potential Of Raman Spectroscopy For Cytological Diagnosis Of Thinprep Samples From A Cervical Cancer Screening Population, Ines Ramos

Doctoral

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide. For decades, most developed countries have applied organized cytology screening programs using the Papanicolau (PAP) test to identify abnormal cases. Despite a high specificity of 95-98%, Pap test sensitivity is reported to vary greatly from 74 to 96% with constant testing needed to achieve the highest values. Semi-automated cytology screening platforms, immunocytochemistry panels and other methodologies such as human papilloma virus (HPV) testing has been developed to help reduce false negative rates. More recently, HPV testing, thus far used for triage of abnormal cytology cases and test of cure, …

Optometric Case Finding For Glaucoma In Ireland: An Investigation Of Current Practice Patterns., Catriona Barrett

Doctoral

Optometrists play a vital role in the detection of glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness. As population screening for glaucoma is neither cost effective nor viable, glaucoma is primarily detected through opportunistic case-finding during routine eye examinations. The present study provides new insight into optometrists’ practice patterns for glaucoma detection in Ireland. Chapters 3 and 4 report on a national survey. The results show that optometrists are well equipped to carry out the traditional glaucoma case finding triad. However, moving towards enhanced services such as monitoring glaucoma suspects or ocular hypertension cases would require some investment in equipment and …

From Froot Loops To Fitness: My Journey As An Educator And Person With Diabetes, Sheri R. Colberg

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

This article is adapted from the address of Dr. Colberg delivered as the recipient of the American Diabetes Association's Outstanding Educator in Diabetes Award for 2016. She delivered the address in June 2016 at the association's 76th Annual Meeting and Scientific Sessions in New Orleans, LA.

Genome-Scale Crispr-Cas9 Knockout Screen Identifies Huwe1 As A Modifier Of Egfr Dependence In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells, Jon Dimaina

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations can exhibit a strong dependence on mutant EGFR signaling for growth and survival. They are also sensitive to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), which provide superior clinical benefits to conventional chemotherapy. However, despite initial response, most patients experience relapse with resistant tumors within a year. This study aims to identify modifiers of dependence on mutant EGFR signaling and the mechanisms by which they do so in order to improve therapeutic strategies and outcomes. A genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 genetic knockout screen was conducted to identify genes whose loss-of-function confer …

L’Expérience De Femmes Ayant Subi Une Grossesse Non Désirée Au Sénégal : Une Étude Qualitative, Fatou Mbow, Nafissatou Diop

Reproductive Health

Au Sénégal, l’avortement n’est autorisé que lorsque la vie de la mère est menacée. Depuis 2013, le Comité de plaidoyer pour l’accès à l’avortement médicalisé au Sénégal (plus connu sous le nom de « Taskforce ») mène des activités de plaidoyer pour une révision de la loi. L’avortement est maintenant plus ouvertement discuté, mais la voix des femmes victimes de grossesse non désirée n’est pas entendue. Cette étude documente l’expérience de ces femmes pour fournir des évidences pour le plaidoyer. L’autorisation de l'avortement médicalisée contribuera à respecter les droits humains et de santé des femmes, ainsi qu’à réduire les conséquences …

Senegal: Explorer Le Processus De La Collaboration Multisectorielle Mise En Place Pour L’Étude Qualitative, Fatou Mbow, Nafissatou Diop, Awa Diop Dabo, Awa Tounkara Cissé, Seynabou Ba Diakhaté

Reproductive Health

En 2015, STEP UP a mené une étude qualitative sur l’expérience de femmes ayant subi une grossesse non désirée suite à un viol ou inceste dans la région de Dakar, Sénégal, en partenariat avec le Comité de plaidoyer pour l’accès à l’avortement médicalisé, plus connu sous le nom de «Taskforce». L’objectif général de l’étude était de développer une meilleure compréhension de la vie de ces femmes et d’apporter leur voix au débat sur la légalisation de l’avortement médicalisé. Cette étude de cas examine les caractéristiques de la collaboration, comment elle a été efficace, les leçons apprises, et les recommandations formulées …

Bangladesh: Using Strong Evidence And Strategic Collaboration To Increase Access To Menstrual Regulation With Medication, Nancy Termini Lachance, Sharif M.I. Hossain

Reproductive Health

Through close cooperation with the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of Bangladesh, and other partners, STEP UP generated strong evidence and cultivated ongoing collaboration that contributed to policy changes and program expansions to increase access to menstrual regulation with medication (MRM). Study results demonstrate that MRM is acceptable and effective in Bangladesh, and has thus been legalized and folded into the national FP program and scaled up nationwide. However, ongoing observation and studies are still needed to understand whether the efficacy and acceptability of MRM remains the case when services are delivered at scale on a national level. Furthermore, …

Introduction And Approval Of Menstrual Regulation With Medication In Bangladesh: A Stakeholder Analysis, Fauzia Akhter Huda, Sadia Afrin, Bidhan Krishna Sarker, Hassan Rushekh Mahmood, Anadil Alam

Reproductive Health

Despite the significant progress that the government of Bangladesh has made toward introducing menstrual regulation with medication (MRM) into the national health program, there has been no systematic documentation on the introduction of MRM in Bangladesh, and on the approval process of local manufacturing of the mifepristone-misoprostol combination for menstrual regulation. This Research Report presents findings from the stakeholder analysis which was initiated to document the entire process of introducing MRM in the country. Findings from key informant interviews indicated some crucial factors that facilitated the process; these are presented here according to a four-part policy analysis framework: context, content, …

Harmonizing National Abortion And Pregnancy Prevention Laws And Policies For Sexual Violence Survivors With The Maputo Protocol, Jill Thompson, Chi-Chi Undie, Avni Amin, Ronald Johnson, Rajat Khosla, Ian Askew, Leopold Ouedraogo, Triphonie Nkurunziza, Sarah Rich, Elizabeth Westley, Melissa Garcia

Reproductive Health

In April 2016, the Population Council, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the International Consortium for Emergency Contraception (ICEC) convened a three-day regional technical meeting aimed at helping participating countries meet their obligations under the Maputo Protocol to protect and promote the reproductive health rights of women and girls, with a special emphasis on survivors of sexual and intimate partner violence. Participants included representatives from six countries in sub-Saharan Africa—Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, and Zambia—as well as international and regional experts on reproductive health, law, and human rights. Presentations and discussions focused primarily on the prevention and management of …

Cardiac Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Mr Imaging Tracking Of Cell Survival Or Rejection In Mouse Models Of Cell Therapy, Ashley L. Pumphrey, Shaojing Ye, Zhengshi Yang, Jennifer Simkin, John C. Gensel, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Moriel H. Vandsburger

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Purpose:

To examine whether cardiac chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be serially and noninvasively used to probe cell survival or rejection after intramyocardial implantation in mice.

Materials and Methods:

Experiments were compliant with the National Institutes of Health Guidelines on the Use of Laboratory Animals and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. One million C2C12 cells labeled with either europium (Eu) 10-(2-hydroxypropyl)-1,4,7-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (HP-DO3A) or saline via the hypotonic swelling technique were implanted into the anterior-lateral left ventricular wall in C57BL/6J (allogeneic model, n = 17) and C3H (syngeneic model, n = 13) mice. Imaging …

Autoimmune Disease Presenting As Acute Abdomen, Wasim A Memon, Saad Siddiqui, Ameer Hamza

Department of Radiology

Mesenteric vasculitis and resultant bowel ischemia is rare but serious complication of autoimmune disorders. Early detection and treatment is the key to avoid potentially fatal outcomes of bowel perforation and peritonitis. In this series, we present patients presenting with acute abdominal pain and having CT imaging features of bowel ischemia who responded well to immunosuppressive therapy. The aim of this work is to familiarize health professionals with possibility and imaging features of mesenteric vasculitis.

Cyclic Ac253, A Novel Amylin Receptor Antagonist, Improves Cognitive Deficits In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Rania Soudy, Aarti Patel, Wen Fu, Kamaljit Kaur, David Mactavish, David Westaway, Rachel Davey, Jeffrey Zajac, Jack Jhamandas

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Introduction: Amylin receptor serves as a portal for the expression of deleterious effects of amyloid b-protein (Ab), a key pathologic hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we showed that AC253, an amylin receptor antagonist, is neuroprotective against Ab toxicity in vitro and abrogates Ab-induced impairment of hippocampal long-term potentiation.

Methods: Amyloid precursor protein–overexpressing TgCRND8 mice received intracerebroventricularly AC253 for 5 months. New cyclized peptide cAC253 was synthesized and administered intraperitoneally three times a week for 10 weeks in the same mouse model. Cognitive functions were monitored, and pathologic changes were quantified biochemically and immunohistochemically.

Results: AC253, when administered …

Parents Of Children Who Had Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Mixed-Methods, Exploratory Study, Natalene Kramer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: There is scant literature addressing the parents of children who had hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). therefore only inferences may be made as to issues of that experience affecting parents.

Purpose: The purposes of this study was to uncover the lived experiences of parents of children who had HIE, evaluate issues of stress, depression, coping, and impact of neurologic disability in order to better care for them and thus their families

Methods: A parallel, convergent mixed-methods design was used to explore experiences and perceptions of these parents regarding their experiences and life changes. The quantitative strand addressed four research questions which …

Ultrasound-Induced Microbubble Cavitation For The Treatment Of Catheterization-Induced Vasospasm, Shelby Kutty, Na Liu, Jia Zhou, Yunbin Xiao, Juefei Wu, David A. Danford, John Lof, Feng Xie, Thomas R. Porter

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

No abstract provided.

Retrospective Analysis Of Contact Sport Participation On Cognitive Function In Healthy Athletes, Lisa C. Martinez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This study explored the effects of contact and limited contact sport participation on neurocognitive function in non-concussed collegiate and adolescent athletes over time. Athletes participating in contact and limited contact sports have an increased risk of sustaining neurocognitive injuries, known as subconcussive blows, compared to non-contact sport athletes. We hypothesized that athletes participating in contact and limited contact sports, would exhibit a deficit in neurocognitive function following multiple seasons of play when compared to athletes participating in non-contact sports. Using a mixed repeated measures MANOVA statistical design, we analyzed computerized neurocognitive baseline ImPACT composite scores (verbal memory, visual memory, visual …

Atrial Fibrillation Induction In A Pediatric Patient During Adenosine Administration, Jeffrey A. Robinson, Christopher S. Snyder

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Adenosine by rapid intravenous bolus is frequently utilized in clinical practice as both a pharmacologic treatment for supraventricular (reentrant) tachycardia and in provocative testing for the diagnosis of Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. This is a case report of an otherwise healthy adolescent female who received adenosine during a provocative test for WPW syndrome. Immediately after receiving adenosine, the patient had a self-limited episode of atrial fibrillation. When administering adenosine, teams should be aware of the potential adverse effects and be prepared to treat appropriately.

Maternal And Fetal Outcome In Renal Transplant Recipients, Wajeeha Syed, Lumaan Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To determine maternal and fetal outcome in renal transplant recipients.
Methodology: Retrospective analysis of the antenatal patients with renal transplant
was done between January 1st 2005 till December 31st 2015 and maternal
and fetal outcomes were determined. Data was entered and analyzed in SPSS
version 20.
Results: 08 pregnancies in 07 women who had undergone renal transplant
were included in this study. The mean age at the time of transplantation was
25.29 ±5.5 years (16-32 years). 25% cases had gestational diabetes mellitus,
75% had anemia and 50% had urinary tract infection. The mean birth weight
of babies was 2210 …

Case Of Xanthogranulomatous Oophoritis, Bushra Khan, Aliya Aziz, Rashida Ahmed

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is characterized by destruction of the tissues of the organ involved and replacement by chronic inflammatory cells such as lymphocytes, plasma cells, occasional neutrophils with or without multinucleated or Touton giant cells. Exact aetiology is not known but the theory of infection with organisms like Proteus, E coli, and Bacteroides fragilis is most popular. Xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the female genital tract is not common and usually involves the endometrium; however, xanthogranulomatous inflammation of the ovaries is a rare entity.

Implementation Of Warning Tool To Improve Maternal Newborn Health Outcomes In A Developing Country, Sana Sheikh, Rahat Qureshi, Sidrah Nausheen, Rozina Sikandar Sultanali

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To improve health outcomes through the implementation of national early warning sign tool for babies delivered through emergency caesarean section in off-work hours.

Methods: This comparative clinical study was conducted at the Aga Khan Hospital for Women and Children, Karachi, from April to August 2014, and comprised women who had an emergency caesarean section. Maternal and perinatal outcomes were compared of patients in Group A and Group B which represented individuals before and after the implementation of the national early warning score respectively.

Results: Of the 200 participants, there were 100(50%) in each group. The overall mean age was …

"The Co-Authors Of Pregnancy": Leveraging Men's Sense Of Responsibility And Other Factors For Male Involvement In Antenatal Services In Kinshasa, Drc, Michelle M. Gill, John Ditekemena, Aimé Loando, Vicky Ilunga, Marleen Temmerman, Franck Fwamba

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Background: Despite efforts to improve male involvement (MI), few male partners typically attend antenatal care (ANC). MI in ANC and interventions to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission have been demonstrated to be beneficial for the HIV-positive mother and her child. This study aimed to explore factors influencing partner attendance and highlight interventions with potential to improve MI within a Congolese context.
Methods: This was an exploratory, qualitative study conducted in two urban and two semi-urban catchment areas of Kinshasa, DRC in June–September 2016. Two women-only and two men-only focus group discussions (FGDs) were held; participants were recruited from ANC clinics and …

Effects Of Screen Light Filtering Software On Sleep And Morning Alertness, Hengyu Chi

All Master's Theses

Research has shown that blue light can impact the circadian rhythm. Research has also suggested that use of electronic devices, such as computers and televisions that emit blue light before sleep, can negatively impact sleep quality. This research has led to the creation of computer software which lowers the levels of blue light in the evening to help with sleep. This study looked at the impact of wavelength filtering software on sleep onset, sleep duration and subjective alertness after morning waking of four college students. The college students were randomized into two groups and had the wavelength filtering software f.lux …

A Month In Manila, Robin M. Lund

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience at Philippines Children's Medical Center in Manila.

South Africa: Combatting The Rise Of Hiv In Adolescents, Ryan Northrup

Posters

Describes a global health learning experience in South Africa in 2017, focused on educating teenagers in schools about sexual health and AIDS prevention.

Therapeutic Uses Of Pineapple-Extracted Bromelain In Surgical Care - A Review., Zehra Abdul Muhammad, Tashfeen Ahmad

Department of Surgery Docs

Abstract

Bromelain is an extract obtained from the pineapple plant and is used as a traditional folk remedy for several ailments. In this review, a comprehensive electronic database search was carried out to compile available literature on therapeutic implications of bromelain. Pharmaceutical value of bromelain has been demonstrated in different surgical sub-specialties. Diverse biological processes like anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, analgesic, anti-thrombotic, exfoliation etc. are involved in bromelain's therapeutic actions, mediated through the kallikrein-kinin and arachidonic acid pathways as well as through effects on cell mediated immunity. Bromelain equals non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as an anti-inflammatory agent, but has been shown to have …

The Dosimetric Evaluation On Photon Energy Effect For Cervical Carcinoma In 3d-Crt, Imrt, And Vmat Plans, Vanida Poolnapol

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

In the previous time, 3D-CRT technique has been considered as the primary treatment for cervical cancer treatment. Nowadays, advanced techniques, IMRT and VMAT, are used to treat because of the dosimetric and clinical benefit over 3D-CRT technique. However, each of these technique generates difference outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dosimetric outcomes between 6 and 15 MV photon energies in each 4 fields box 3D-CRT, 9 fields IMRT, and 2 arcs VMAT plans of five advanced cervical cancers using parameters of D95%, TC, HI, CI, CN from PTV, V45 Gy and V50 Gy from OARs, NTID, …

Injuries In Collegiate Women’S Volleyball: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis, Christopher J. Sole, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

A four-year retrospective analysis of injury data was conducted on a collegiate (NCAA Division I) women’s volleyball team. Twenty athletes (Year 1: age = 19.4 ± 0.9 y, height = 175.2 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.2 kg; Year 2: age = 20.1 ± 1.0 y, height = 175.7 ± 4.7 cm, body mass = 69.5 ± 10.1 kg; Year 3: age = 20.1 ± 1.4 y, height = 173.8 ± 6.3 cm, body mass = 69.9 ± 10.8 kg; Year 4: age = 19.5 ± 1.4 y, height = 174.4 ± 8.6 cm, body mass = …

The Relationships Between Hip And Knee Extensor Cross-Sectional Area, Strength, Power, And Potentiation Characteristics, Timothy J. Suchomel, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), maximal strength, power output, and maximum potentiation characteristics. The vastus lateralis and biceps femoris CSA, one repetition maximum (1RM) back squat, 1RM concentric-only half-squat (COHS) strength, static jump power output, and maximum potentiation characteristics of 17 resistance-trained men was assessed during several testing sessions. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationships between CSA, strength, power output, and maximum potentiation measures. Moderate-to-strong relationships existed between CSA and strength measures (r = 0.462–0.643) as well as power output (r = 0.396–0.683). In addition, moderate-to-strong relationships …