Medical Specialties Commons^™

Comparison Of Microcoils And Polyvinyl Alcohol Particles In Selective Microcatheter Angioembolization Of Non Variceal Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Tanveer-Ul-Haq, Muhammad Idris, Basit Salam, Waseem Akhtar, Yasir Jamil

Department of Radiology

Objectives: To compare the efficacy of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles with microcoils in angiembolisation of non variceal acute gastrointestinal haemorrhage.Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of patients who underwent transcatheter angioembolization from January, 1995 to December, 2013 at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients were divided into two groups on basis of use of either microcoils or PVA particles and compared in terms of technical success, clinical success, re-bleeding and ischemic complication rates. Chi (chi(2)) square and Fisher's exact tests were applied and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Fifty seven patients underwent angioembolization. Microcoil …

Evaluation Of Common Risk Factors For Breast Carcinoma In Females: A Hospital Based Study In Karachi, Pakistan, Saira Naz, Imrana Masroor, Waseem Mirza, Sehrish Abrar, Shaista Afzal Saeed, Zafar Sajjad

Department of Radiology

Background: Breast malignancies are one of the leading causes of deaths in females worldwide. There are a number of risk factors associated with breast cancer but in Karachi Pakistan there are insufficient data available.
Materials and methods: A case control study was conducted on females in age group between 30-80 years. This study was accomplished by retrospective data collection in Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 108 females with primary malignancy of breast were included along with 108 matched controls. Relationship of various factors with disease was studied using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios with 95 …

The Feasibility Of Implementing A Novel Electrical Stimulation Device In The Self-Management Of Hand Burn Pain, Katrina Liddiard

Theses : Honours

Burns are widely acknowledged as one of the most painful injuries experienced, and poorly controlled pain following burn injury has been linked to reduced psychological adjustment, lower quality of life, and increased risk of developing a chronic pain state. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation has been used for pain relief in a range of medical conditions, and may have the potential to reduce pain and analgesic consumption for burns patients. The burn care environment presents unique challenges to the introduction of new interventions, and the feasibility of introducing a novel form of electrical stimulation into this environment has not been tested. …

The Association Between Environmental Cadmium Exposure And All-Cause Mortality And Cardiovascular Disease In A Cohort Of Elderly Western Australian Women, Kane Deering

Theses : Honours

Introduction: Recent research suggests an association between environmental cadmium exposure and increased risk of, and death from, cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of mortality in Australia and worldwide. However, the research to date is neither comprehensive nor have there been any studies conducted on an Australian population. This study identified whether increasing concentrations of urinary cadmium in elderly West Australian women was associated with an increased odds of incidence of, and deaths from CVD, as well as all-cause mortality.

Method: Cadmium excretion was measured in urine samples collected at baseline (1998) from 1359 women from Perth who …

A Report From The First Regional Pain Medicine Symposia In East, Central And Southern African Region. (Ecsa-R)-“The Rhino Model In Pain Education In Africa”, Thikra Sharif, John Bugo

Anaesthesiology, East Africa

The 1st Regional pain medicine symposia were held between the 14th and 18th of November 2011 in 3 cities (Nairobi, Mombasa and Dar-es-salaam), across 2 countries, Kenya and Tanzania. It was funded by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP), through the IASP developing country education grant for 2011 and The Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi (AKUHN). It was organized by faculty from the Pain Management Unit (PMU) AKUHN. The Pain medicine educators were from PMU, AKUHN and from Specialists in Pain International Network (SPIN).

The aims of the symposia were to introduce the Rhino model concept, the …

Uchunguzi (Journal Watch/Montre De Journal) September 2015, Benjamin Wachira

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Uchunguzi means investigation in Swahili and provides a summary of some of the most recent international literature as presented in other leading journals, but with an emphasis on what is relevant to our continent.

Uchunguzi (Journal Watch/Montre De Journal) June 2015, Benjamin Wachira

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Uchunguzi means investigation in Swahili and provides a summary of some of the most recent international literature as presented in other leading journals, but with an emphasis on what is relevant to our continent.

Outcomes Associated With Blood Component Transfusion In Adult Trauma Patients, Allison R. Jones

Theses and Dissertations--Nursing

The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate outcomes associated with blood component (BC) transfusion in adult trauma patients. Specific aims were to: 1) explore the relationship between traumatic injury, hemorrhage, and BC transfusion, focusing on consequences of the component storage lesion through presentation of a conceptual model; 2) systematically review research literature comparing outcomes of massively transfused major trauma patients based on ratios of BCs received; 3) evaluating the relationship between type of blood transfusion trauma patients received (whole blood versus BCs) and mortality likelihood after controlling for demographic and clinical variables; 4) evaluating the relationship between volume and …

Genome-Wide Methylome Analyses Reveal Novel Epigenetic Regulation Patterns In Schizophrenia And Bipolar Disorder, Yongsheng Li, Cynthia Camarillo, Juan Xu, Tania Bedard Arana, Yun Xiao, Zheng Zhao, Hong Chen, Mercedes Ramirez, Juan Zavala, Michael A. Escamilla, Chun Xu

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BP) are complex genetic disorders. Their appearance is also likely informed by as yet only partially described epigenetic contributions. Using a sequencing-based method for genome-wide analysis, we quantitatively compared the blood DNA methylation landscapes in SZ and BP subjects to control, both in an understudied population, Hispanics along the US-Mexico border. Remarkably, we identified thousands of differentially methylated regions for SZ and BP preferentially located in promoters 3'-UTRs and 5'-UTRs of genes. Distinct patterns of aberrant methylation of promoter sequences were located surrounding transcription start sites. In these instances, aberrant methylation occurred in CpG islands …

Selective Lymphadenectomy In Endometrial Cancer: Retrospective Analysis Of Morbidity And Survival Data At A Tertiary Care Centre, Uzma Chishti, Aliya Aziz, Munazza Akhtar, Sana Sheikh

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Objective: To compare perioperative morbidity and survival data between patients with early-stage endometrial cancer who did or did not undergo selective lymphadenectomy.
Methods: Retrospective analysis of 180 patients with early-stage endometrial carcinoma treated between 1999 and 2008 was performed in Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
Results: Data from 180 patients were analysed. The selective lymphadenectomy group contained 108 women (60%) and the no lymphadenectomy group contained 72 women (40%). The median number of lymph nodes removed was 9. The mean age and extent of disease, as assessed by staging, tumour size, myometrial invasion, and lymphovascular invasion were comparable between …

Is Risk Malignancy Index A Useful Tool For Predicting Malignant Ovarian Masses In Developing Countries?, Aliya Aziz, Nida Najmi

Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

Introduction: Risk of Malignancy Index (RMI) is widely studied for prediction of malignant pelvic masses in Western population. However, little is known regarding its implication in the developing countries. The objective of this study is to determine how accurately the RMI can predict the malignant pelvic masses.

Materials and Methods: The study is a retrospective review of patients attending the gynecological clinic between January 2004 and December 2008 with adnexal masses. Information on demographic characteristics, ultrasound findings, menopausal status, CA125, and histopathology was collected. RMI score for each patient in the study group was calculated.

Results: The study …

The Efficacy Of Electrocardiograms As A Screening Tool To Detect Cardiac Abnormalities In Young Athletes, Cody William

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Sudden cardiac death (SCD) among athletes can be attributed to increased cardiovascular demands associated with vigorous exercise.

• The majority of athletes who experience sudden cardiac death are asymptomatic.

• Pre-participation history and physicals, (H&P) help to identify underlying cardiovascular disorders with the potential to increase the risk of SCD in an athlete.

• The efficacy of pre-participation H&Ps to identify underlying cardiac etiology has been debated.

• The purpose of this research is to:

---Determine incidence and cause of SCD among athletes (Table 1).

---Determine the efficacy and evidenced-based criteria for the interpretation of ECGs in athletes.

---Evaluate …

Prevalence And Correlates Of Indoor Tanning And Sunless Tanning Product Use Among Female Teens In The United States, Megan Quinn, Arsham Alamian, Joel J. Hillhouse, Colleen Scott, Rob Turrisi, Katie Baker

ETSU Faculty Works

Background

Indoor tanning (IT) before the age of 35 increases melanoma risk by 75%. Nevertheless, IT and sunless tanning product (STP) use have gained popularity among youth. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of both IT and STP use in a representative sample of American teens.

Methods

Teenage females (N = 778) aged 12–18 years were recruited as part of an on-going longitudinal study conducted between May 2011 and May 2013. Descriptive statistics explored IT and STP usage in teen females at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine sociodemographic correlates of IT and STP …

Child Rights And Social Justice Framework For Analyzing Public Policy Related To Hpv Vaccine, David Wood, Rita Nathaward, Jeffrey L. Goldhagen

ETSU Faculty Works

Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common viral infection of the reproductive tract and a well-established cause of cervical, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers in both women and men worldwide. Despite data that supports HPV vaccine as an effective measure to prevent such cancers, vaccine uptake has not been optimal in many countries. In the United States (US) for example, rates have stagnated over the past few years and only one-third of adolescents are fully immunized, in contrast to other adolescent vaccines such as Tdap and meningococcal that have double the rates of uptake. Current approaches to HPV vaccine education …

Computer Aided Detection Of Oral Lesions On Ct Images, Shaikat Mahmood Galib

Masters Theses

"Oral lesions are important findings on computed tomography images. They are difficult to detect on CT images because of low contrast, arbitrary orientation of objects, complicated topology and lack of clear lines indicating lesions. In this thesis, a fully automatic method to detect oral lesions from dental CT images is proposed to identify (1) Closed boundary lesions and (2) Bone deformation lesions. Two algorithms were developed to recognize these two types of lesions, which cover most of the lesion types that can be found on CT images. The results were validated using a dataset of 52 patients. Using non training …

Centering Pregnancy Implementation And Its Effect On Preterm Birth And Low Birthweight, Carole Ann Moleti

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW) babies are the source of a large burden of infant, neonatal, and childhood morbidity. The purpose of this project was to expand the use of the CenteringPregnancy^TM Group Prenatal Care Model as an evidence-based intervention for management of both medical and psychosocial risk in low-income, ethnic and racial minorities in New York City. The standardized model developed by Schindler Rising decreases the incidence of preterm birth and low birthweight and increases the rate of breastfeeding. A CenteringPregnancy^TM program implementation plan, customized to meet the needs of a multisite urban hospital system, …

Comparison Of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy With Hippocampal Sclerosis And Temporal Lobe Epilepsies Due To Other Etiologies., A A Asadi-Pooya, Marziyeh Tajvarpour, Bahareh Vedadinezhad, Mehrdad Emami

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: This study compares the clinical characteristics of patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (mTLE-HS) with those who have temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) due to other etiologies.

METHODS: In this retrospective study all patients with a clinical diagnosis of TLE were recruited in a referral outpatient epilepsy clinic at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences from September 2008 to May 2013. We classified the patients with TLE as having mesial temporal sclerosis if they had clear signs of mesial temporal sclerosis and/or atrophy in their MRI and others who had any other MRI abnormality.

RESULTS: A total of …

Hiv Prevalence In Blood Donors And Recipients In Pakistan: A Meta-Analysis And Analysis Of Blood-Bank Data, Bushra Moiz, Barkat Ali, Muhammad Hasnain Chatha, Ahmed Raheem, Hasan Abbas Zaheer

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background:
The first instances of HIV-antibody detection in donated blood in Pakistan were reported in 1988. Since then, documentation of HIV in blood donors and of rates of transmission via transfusion has been limited. Previously assumed to have a low prevalence, HIV is an increasing health concern in Pakistan. Since there is no national, centralized blood-banking system, there are no reliable data on which to base estimated risks of transfusion-associated HIV infection. This study was therefore conducted to estimate the prevalence of HIV in blood donors and recipients in Pakistan between 1988 and 2012.
Methods:
Meta-analyses were undertaken of reported …

Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma Of The Right Thigh: A Case Report And Review Of The Literature, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Nasir Ud Din, Zubair Ahmad, Steven D. Billings

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction:
Mammary-type myofibroblastoma of the soft tissue is a very rare, benign, mesenchymal neoplasm with myofibroblastic differentiation. To date, 20 cases of extra-mammary myofibroblastoma have been described in literature. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest extra-mammary myofibroblastoma described in the literature, and the first case reported in this location.
Case Presentation:
A 50-year-old Pakistani man presented with a long history of a painless, huge lump on his right thigh. His clinical examination showed normal-looking skin and there was no inguinal lymphadenopathy. The mass was excised with a clinical impression of soft tissue sarcoma. Gross examination showed …

Rhesus And Kell Phenotyping Of Voluntary Blood Donors: Foundation Of A Donor Data Bank, Farheen Karim, Bushra Moiz, Fahmida Jan Muhammad, Fatima Ausat, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To assess the Rhesus (Rh) and Kell (K) phenotype of voluntary blood donors and lay foundation of a data bank of voluntary blood donors. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.
PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Blood Bank, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, in the year 2014.
METHODOLOGY: Voluntary blood donors were inducted after taking written informed consent. Three -5cc of EDTA anticoagulated blood sample was taken to phenotype red cells for C, c, E, e, and Kell antigens using antisera. [DiaMedSwitzerland].
RESULTS: Hundred blood donors were included in the study. ABO blood groups of the donors were: O …

Barriers, Challenges And Way Forward For Implementation Of Person Centered Care Model Of Patient And Physician Consultation: A Survey Of Patients’ Perspective From Eastern Mediterranean Countries, Waris Qidwai, Kashmira Nanji, Tawfik A M Khoja, Salman Rawaf, Nabil Yasin Al Kurashi, Faisal Alnasir, Mohammed Ali Al Shafaee, Mariam Al Shetti, Muntazar Bashir, Nagwa Eid Sobhy Saad, Sanaa Alkaisi, Wafa Halasa, Huda Al Duwaisan, Amal Al- Ali

Department of Family Medicine

Background: Person-Centered Care (PCC) is now considered a mandatory approach in Patient-Physician consultation. The aim of the study was to identify patients’ perception regarding barriers and possible remedies for implementation of PCC in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR).
Methods: A cross-sectional multi-country study was conducted in six countries of EMR during May 2014 to October 2014. Expert Family Physicians from each country were identified and asked to participate in the study. The Family Physicians then recruited Patients from their own clinics (>18 years). Data analysis was performed on SPSS 19 and results are reported in the form of …

Psychosocial Risk Factors For Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results Of A Case-Control Study In A Teaching Hospital At Karachi, Pakistan, Kiran Abdul Sattar, Waris Qidwai, Kashmira Nanji

Department of Family Medicine

Objective: To determine psychosocial risk factors for acute myocardial infarction at a teaching hospital in Karachi. Methods: One hundred and fifty three cases were recruited from cardiology clinics and 153 controls from internal medicine and family medicine clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, through non-probability sampling using a structured questionnaire. Cases were those who were diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction for the first time in past month. Controls were selected from family medicine and internal medicine clinics of the same hospital and included patients above the age of 40 years without acute myocardial infarction. Associations between psychosocial risk …

A Qualitative Study Of How Children Experience And Live With Long Qt Syndrome, Patrick Mcelwaine

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited and potentially fatal disorder affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 people. Children often experience anxiety and a sense of loss of control as they try to manage the medical, social, and psychological stress that accompanies being diagnosed with LQTS. The present study utilized a qualitative research design to examine how children experience and live with long QT syndrome. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eight children between the ages of 7 to 12 who were diagnosed with LQTS. This period in a child’s life is very important for developing social skills and self-esteem as peers …

The Influence Of Positive And Negative Death Attitudes On Medical Students' Empathy And Attitudes Toward End-Of-Life Care, Elizabeth Palumbo

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

This quantitative study employed a cross-sectional survey research design in order to examine the relationships between medical students’ death attitudes, empathy, and attitudes toward end-of-life care. The participants were 206 medical students currently enrolled in the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine program at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia campus. Results indicated that there were no significant differences in the level of empathy between medical students who held strong positive death attitudes and medical students with strong negative death attitudes. However, results indicated that significant differences existed in attitudes toward end-of-life care between medical students who held strong positive death …

The Psychometric Properties Of The Professionalism Assessment Rating Scale, Jennifer K. Olivetti

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The issue of professionalism in the training of medical students has become a major focus within the field of medical education. For years, the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine (PCOM) has measured the quality of osteopathic medical students (DO students) interpersonal and communication skills through SP (SP) encounters in which SPs rate the DO students relative to eight criteria (items) which, in aggregate, are known as the Professionalism Assessment Rating Scale (PARS). These criteria are linked in the literature to patient outcomes, patient adherence, patient satisfaction, and malpractice. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the PARS, based on data …

Neurocognitive Patterns, Symptom Clusters, And Premorbid Factors That Predict Protracted Recovery From Concussion In Females, Sarah Pulaski

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

Concussion is an increasingly diagnosed injury that affects individuals of all ages. Although the underlying cause is unknown, research has demonstrated that females who sustain a concussion experience longer recoveries. Existing research has documented a relationship between age, gender, post-concussive headache and mental health conditions, and recovery; however, limited research has investigated the relationship between premorbid clinical variables and recovery. Research on post-injury neurocognitive declines and recovery has also demonstrated varied findings. Moreover, dizziness has been identified as significantly predictive of prolonged recovery, but no studies have investigated the effect of premorbid headache conditions on the development of dizziness. The …

The Effect Of Music Therapy Interaction On Child And Parental Preoperative Anxiety In Parents Of Children Undergoing Day Surgery, Christopher R. Millett

Theses and Dissertations--Music

Young children who experience high levels preoperative anxiety often exhibit distress behaviors, experience more surgical complications, and are at a higher risk for developing a variety of negative postoperative consequences. A significant factor in pediatric preoperative anxiety is the level of anxiety present in their caregivers. Music therapy interventions addressing a variety of procedural outcomes have been met with success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the comparative effectiveness of two music therapy interventions on reducing preoperative anxiety in young pediatric surgical patients and their caregivers.

A total of 40 pediatric patient and caregiver dyads were included in …

Letter From The Chair, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Letter From The Co-Editors, Unm Department Of Orthopaedic Surgery

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

No abstract provided.

Survey Of Current Articles Published On Total Ankle Arthroplasty And Ankle Fusion, Tony G. Pedri, Richard A. Miller

UNM Orthopaedic Research Journal

In the United States, ankle fusion is more commonly performed than total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) for treatment of degenerative joint disease of the ankle. However, recent advances in implant design and technique have led to a renewed interest in research on TAA. To shed light on current research trends and limited data rather than examine the merits between both methods, we performed a PubMed search of studies on TAA and ankle fusion between January 1, 2009, and January 1, 2015, published in both the American edition of the Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (JBJS) and Foot & Ankle International …