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Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell

Articles 1801 - 1830 of 2014

Full-Text Articles in Medical Specialties

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Presenting As Polymicrobial Pneumonia, Including Pneumocystis Jirovecii, A. M. Jongco, J. D. Gough, K. Sarnataro, D. W. Rosenthal, J. Moreau, P. Ponda, V. R. Bonagura Jan 2014

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia Presenting As Polymicrobial Pneumonia, Including Pneumocystis Jirovecii, A. M. Jongco, J. D. Gough, K. Sarnataro, D. W. Rosenthal, J. Moreau, P. Ponda, V. R. Bonagura

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

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Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Endogenous And Exogenous Interleukin-10 Versus Glucocorticoids On Macrophage Functions Of The Newly Born, K. Kasat, H. Patel, O. Predtechenska, I. Vancurova, D. Davidson Jan 2014

Anti-Inflammatory Actions Of Endogenous And Exogenous Interleukin-10 Versus Glucocorticoids On Macrophage Functions Of The Newly Born, K. Kasat, H. Patel, O. Predtechenska, I. Vancurova, D. Davidson

Journal Articles

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether specific macrophage immune functions of the newly born are insensitive to the actions of therapeutic levels of dexamethasone (DEX), previously measured in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), compared with betamethasone (BETA) and exogenous or endogenous interleukin-10 (IL-10). STUDY DESIGN: Macrophages were differentiated from cord blood monocytes (N=18). A serial dose-response (around 10(-8)M), in vitro study was used to examine the effect of DEX, BETA and IL-10, on proinflammatory (PI) cytokine release, phagocytosis and respiratory burst. RESULT: Exogenous IL-10 (10(-8)M) significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the endotoxin-stimulated release of IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor by 63 to 82% with no significant effect by DEX and BETA. There was no inhibition by these three agents at 10(-8)M on phagocytosis and respiratory burst. Inhibition of endogenous IL-10 with a monoclonal antibody significantly increased endotoxin-stimulated cytokine release by at least fourfold. CONCLUSION: Macrophages were relatively insensitive to therapeutic levels of DEX and BETA with regard to PI cytokine release. This study provides rationale for translational and preclinical research using airway instillation of IL-10 for the treatment of BPD.

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Bisphenol A Exposure Is Associated With Decreased Lung Function, A. J. Spanier, E. K. Fiorino, L. Trasande Jan 2014

Bisphenol A Exposure Is Associated With Decreased Lung Function, A. J. Spanier, E. K. Fiorino, L. Trasande

Journal Articles

Objective To examine the associations of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure with lung function measures and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) in children. Study design We performed a cross-sectional analysis of a subsample of US children age 6-19 years who participated in the 2007-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We assessed univariate and multivariable associations of urinary BPA concentration with the predicted pulmonary function measures for age, sex, race/ethnicity and height (forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1], forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory flow 25%-75%, and FEV1 divided by FVC) and with FeNO. Results Exposure and outcome data were available …

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Blood Pressure Variability In Children With Primary Vs Secondary Hypertension, D. Leisman, M. Meyers, J. Schnall, N. Chorny, R. Frank, L. Infante, C. B. Sethna Jan 2014

Blood Pressure Variability In Children With Primary Vs Secondary Hypertension, D. Leisman, M. Meyers, J. Schnall, N. Chorny, R. Frank, L. Infante, C. B. Sethna

Journal Articles

Increased blood pressure variability (BPV) is correlated with adverse cardiovascular (CV) events in adults. However, there has been limited research on its effect in the pediatric population. Additionally, BPV differences between primary and secondary hypertension (HTN) are not known. Children with primary and secondary HTN underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and echocardiography studies. BPV measures of standard deviation (SD), average real variability (ARV), and range were calculated for the 24-hour, daytime, and nighttime periods. Seventy-four patients (median age, 13.5 years; 74% boys) were examined, 40 of whom had primary HTN. Body mass index z score and age were independent …

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Characteristics Of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder In Children And Adolescents: A "New Disorder" In Dsm-5, M. M. Fisher, D. S. Rosen, R. M. Ornstein, K. A. Mammel, D. K. Katzman, E. S. Rome, S. T. Callahan, J. Malizio, S. Kearney, B. T. Walsh Jan 2014

Characteristics Of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder In Children And Adolescents: A "New Disorder" In Dsm-5, M. M. Fisher, D. S. Rosen, R. M. Ornstein, K. A. Mammel, D. K. Katzman, E. S. Rome, S. T. Callahan, J. Malizio, S. Kearney, B. T. Walsh

Journal Articles

Purpose: To evaluate the DSM-5 diagnosis of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) in children and adolescents with poor eating not associated with body image concerns. Methods: A retrospective case-control study of 8e18-year-olds, using a diagnostic algorithm, compared all cases with ARFID presenting to seven adolescent-medicine eating disorder programs in 2010 to a randomly selected sample with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Demographic and clinical information were recorded. Results: Of 712 individuals studied, 98 (13.8%) met ARFID criteria. Patients with ARFID were younger than those with AN (n = 98) or BN (n = 66), (12.9 vs. 15.6 vs. …

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Photoreceptor Perturbation Around Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits As Revealed By Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, E. B. Rivero, M. E. Clark, C. D. Witherspoon, R. F. Spaide, C. A. Girkin, C. Owsley, C. A. Curcio Jan 2014

Photoreceptor Perturbation Around Subretinal Drusenoid Deposits As Revealed By Adaptive Optics Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, E. B. Rivero, M. E. Clark, C. D. Witherspoon, R. F. Spaide, C. A. Girkin, C. Owsley, C. A. Curcio

Journal Articles

PURPOSE: To describe the microscopic structure of photoreceptors impacted by subretinal drusenoid deposits, also called pseudodrusen, an extracellular lesion associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), using adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (AOSLO). DESIGN: Observational case series. METHODS: We recruited 53 patients with AMD and 10 age-similar subjects who had normal retinal health. All subjects underwent color fundus photography, infrared reflectance, red-free reflectance, autofluorescence, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Subretinal drusenoid deposits were classified by a 3-stage OCT-based grading system. Lesions and surrounding photoreceptors were examined by AOSLO. RESULTS: Subretinal drusenoid deposits were found in 26 eyes of 13 patients …

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Maternal Magnesium Deficiency In Mice Leads To Maternal Metabolic Dysfunction And Altered Lipid Metabolism With Fetal Growth Restriction, M. Gupta, M. H. Solanki, P. K. Chatterjee, X. Y. Xue, A. Roman, N. Desai, B. Rochelson, C. N. Metz Jan 2014

Maternal Magnesium Deficiency In Mice Leads To Maternal Metabolic Dysfunction And Altered Lipid Metabolism With Fetal Growth Restriction, M. Gupta, M. H. Solanki, P. K. Chatterjee, X. Y. Xue, A. Roman, N. Desai, B. Rochelson, C. N. Metz

Journal Articles

Inadequate magnesium (Mg) intake is a widespread problem, with over 50% of women of reproductive age consuming less than the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA). Because pregnancy increases the requirement for Mg and the beneficial effects of magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia/eclampsia and fetal neuroprotection are well described, we examined the outcomes of Mg deficiency during pregnancy. Briefly, pregnant Swiss Webster mice were fed either control or Mg-deficient diets starting on gestational day (GD) 6 through euthanasia on GD17. Mg-deficient dams had significantly reduced weight gain and higher plasma adipokines, in the absence of inflammation. Livers of Mg-deficient dams had significantly higher …

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Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A2: A Novel Biomarker For Down Syndrome, S. Munnangi, S. J. Gross, R. Madankumar, G. Salcedo, S. E. Reznik Jan 2014

Pregnancy Associated Plasma Protein-A2: A Novel Biomarker For Down Syndrome, S. Munnangi, S. J. Gross, R. Madankumar, G. Salcedo, S. E. Reznik

Journal Articles

Introduction: In an effort to improve prenatal screening for Trisomy 21, we evaluated pregnancy associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) as a potential novel second trimester biomarker for Trisomy 21. Methods: Trisomy 21 and normal control mid-trimester placental samples were subjected to quantitative rt PCR analysis of seven genes we had previously found to be differentially expressed in Trisomy 21 placentae. The localization and differential expression of PAPP-A2 in second trimester placentae from normal and Trisomy 21 pregnancies was determined by immunohistochemistry. PAPP-A2 maternal serum protein levels in ten Trisomy 21 and ten diploid pregnancies were compared by Western blotting. Maternal serum …

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Thalamocortical Connectivity Correlates With Phenotypic Variability In Dystonia, An Vo, W. Sako, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg Jan 2014

Thalamocortical Connectivity Correlates With Phenotypic Variability In Dystonia, An Vo, W. Sako, M. Niethammer, M. Carbon, S. B. Bressman, A. M. Ulug, D. Eidelberg

Journal Articles

Dystonia is a brain disorder characterized by abnormal involuntary movements without defining neuropathological changes. The disease is often inherited as an autosomal-dominant trait with incomplete penetrance. Individuals with dystonia, whether inherited or sporadic, exhibit striking phenotypic variability, with marked differences in the somatic distribution and severity of clinical manifestations. In the current study, we used magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging to identify microstructural changes associated with specific limb manifestations. Functional MRI was used to localize specific limb regions within the somatosensory cortex. Microstructural integrity was preserved when assessed in subrolandic white matter regions somatotopically related to the clinically involved limbs, …

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Regional Brain Metabolism In A Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model, An Vo, B. T. Volpe, C. C. Tang, W. K. Schiffer, C. Kowal, P. T. Huerta, A. M. Ulug, S. L. Dewey, D. Eidelberg, B. Diamond Jan 2014

Regional Brain Metabolism In A Murine Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model, An Vo, B. T. Volpe, C. C. Tang, W. K. Schiffer, C. Kowal, P. T. Huerta, A. M. Ulug, S. L. Dewey, D. Eidelberg, B. Diamond

Journal Articles

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by multiorgan inflammation, neuropsychiatric disorders (NPSLE), and antinuclear antibodies. We previously identified a subset of anti-DNA antibodies (DNRAb) cross-reactive with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, present in 30% to 40% of patients, able to enhance excitatory post-synaptic potentials and trigger neuronal apoptosis. DNRAb + mice exhibit memory impairment or altered fear response, depending on whether the antibody penetrates the hippocampus or amygdala. Here, we used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) microPET to plot changes in brain metabolism after regional blood-brain barrier (BBB) breach. In DNRAb + mice, metabolism declined at the site of BBB breach in the first 2 …

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Consistent Abnormalities In Metabolic Network Activity In Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder, P. Wu, H. Yu, S. C. Peng, Y. Dauvilliers, J. Wang, J. J. Ge, H. W. Zhang, D. Eidelberg, Y. L. Ma, C. T. Zuo Jan 2014

Consistent Abnormalities In Metabolic Network Activity In Idiopathic Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behaviour Disorder, P. Wu, H. Yu, S. C. Peng, Y. Dauvilliers, J. Wang, J. J. Ge, H. W. Zhang, D. Eidelberg, Y. L. Ma, C. T. Zuo

Journal Articles

Rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder has been evaluated using Parkinson's disease-related metabolic network. It is unknown whether this disorder is itself associated with a unique metabolic network. F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography was performed in 21 patients (age 65.0 +/- 5.6 years) with idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder and 21 age/gender-matched healthy control subjects (age 62.5 +/- 7.5 years) to identify a disease-related pattern and examine its evolution in 21 hemi-parkinsonian patients (age 62.6 +/- 5.0 years) and 16 moderate parkinsonian patients (age 56.9 +/- 12.2 years). We identified a rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder-related metabolic network …

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Circulating Biomarkers For Detection Of Ovarian Cancer And Predicting Cancer Outcomes, I. Shapira, M. Oswald, J. Lovecchio, H. Khalili, A. Menzin, Jill Whyte, L. Dos Santos, S. Liang, T. Bhuiya, M. Keogh, C. Mason, K. Sultan, D. Budman, P. K. Gregersen, A. T. Lee Jan 2014

Circulating Biomarkers For Detection Of Ovarian Cancer And Predicting Cancer Outcomes, I. Shapira, M. Oswald, J. Lovecchio, H. Khalili, A. Menzin, Jill Whyte, L. Dos Santos, S. Liang, T. Bhuiya, M. Keogh, C. Mason, K. Sultan, D. Budman, P. K. Gregersen, A. T. Lee

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Background: Securing a diagnosis of ovarian cancer and establishing means to predict outcomes to therapeutics remain formidable clinical challenges. Early diagnosis is particularly important since survival rates are markedly improved if tumour is detected early. Methods: Comprehensive miRNA profiles were generated on presurgical plasma samples from 42 women with confirmed serous epithelial ovarian cancer, 36 women diagnosed with a benign neoplasm, and 23 comparably age-matched women with no known pelvic mass. Results: Twenty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed between healthy controls and the ovarian cancer group (P

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Brain Region-Specific Alterations In The Gene Expression Of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers And Cholinergic System Components During Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation, H. A. Silverman, M. Dancho, A. Regnier-Golanov, M. Nasim, M. Ochani, P. S. Olofsson, M. Ahmed, E. J. Miller, S. S. Chavan, E. Golanov, C. Metz, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov Jan 2014

Brain Region-Specific Alterations In The Gene Expression Of Cytokines, Immune Cell Markers And Cholinergic System Components During Peripheral Endotoxin-Induced Inflammation, H. A. Silverman, M. Dancho, A. Regnier-Golanov, M. Nasim, M. Ochani, P. S. Olofsson, M. Ahmed, E. J. Miller, S. S. Chavan, E. Golanov, C. Metz, K. J. Tracey, V. A. Pavlov

Journal Articles

Inflammatory conditions characterized by excessive peripheral immune responses are associated with diverse alterations in brain function, and brain-derived neural pathways regulate peripheral inflammation. Important aspects of this bidirectional peripheral immune - brain communication, including the impact of peripheral inflammation on brain region-specific cytokine responses, and brain cholinergic signaling (which plays a role in controlling peripheral cytokine levels) remain unclear. To provide insight, we studied gene expression of cytokines, immune cell markers and brain cholinergic system components in the cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, hippocampus, hypothalamus, striatum, and thalamus in mice following an intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide injection. Endotoxemia was accompanied by elevated serum levels …

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Decreased Langerhans Cell Responses To Il-36 Gamma: Altered Innate Immunity In Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, J. Devoti, L. Hatam, A. Lucs, A. Afzal, A. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg, V. Bonagura Jan 2014

Decreased Langerhans Cell Responses To Il-36 Gamma: Altered Innate Immunity In Patients With Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis, J. Devoti, L. Hatam, A. Lucs, A. Afzal, A. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg, V. Bonagura

Journal Articles

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, chronic disease caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs) types 6 and 11 that is characterized by the polarization of adaptive immune responses that support persistent HPV infection. Respiratory papillomas express elevated mRNA levels of IL-36 gamma, a proinflammatory cytokine in comparison to autologous clinically normal laryngeal tissues; however there is no evidence of inflammation in these lesions. Consistent with this, respiratory papillomas do not contain T(H)1-like CD4(+) T-cells or cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cells, but instead contain a predominance of T(H)2-like and T regulatory cells (Tregs). In addition, papillomas also are infiltrated with immature Langerhans cells …

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Overexpressed Beta-Catenin Localizes To Plasma Membrane In Respiratory Papillomas, A. V. Lucs, A. L. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg Jan 2014

Overexpressed Beta-Catenin Localizes To Plasma Membrane In Respiratory Papillomas, A. V. Lucs, A. L. Abramson, B. M. Steinberg

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No abstract provided.

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Internal Maxillary Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: Infratemporal Approach For Subcranial-Intracranial (Sc-Ic) Bypass, E. Nossek, P. Costantino, M. Eisenberg, A. R. Dehdashti, A. Setton, D. J. Chalif, R. A. Ortiz, D. J. Langer Jan 2014

Internal Maxillary Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Bypass: Infratemporal Approach For Subcranial-Intracranial (Sc-Ic) Bypass, E. Nossek, P. Costantino, M. Eisenberg, A. R. Dehdashti, A. Setton, D. J. Chalif, R. A. Ortiz, D. J. Langer

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BACKGROUND:Internal maxillary artery (IMax)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass has been recently described as an alternative to cervical extracranial-intracranial bypass. This technique uses a keyhole craniectomy in the temporal fossa that requires a technically challenging end-to-side anastomosis.OBJECTIVE:To describe a lateral subtemporal craniectomy of the middle cranial fossa floor to facilitate wide exposure of the IMax to facilitate bypass.METHODS:Orbitozygomatic osteotomy is used followed by frontotemporal craniotomy and subsequently laterotemporal fossa craniectomy, reaching its medial border at a virtual line connecting the foramen rotundum and foramen ovale. The IMax was identified by using established anatomic landmarks, neuronavigation, and micro Doppler probe (Mizuho Inc. …

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Early Efficacy Trial Of Anakinra In Corticosteroid-Resistant Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, A. Vambutas, M. Lesser, V. Mullooly, S. Pathak, G. Zahtz, L. M. Rosen, E. Goldofsky Jan 2014

Early Efficacy Trial Of Anakinra In Corticosteroid-Resistant Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease, A. Vambutas, M. Lesser, V. Mullooly, S. Pathak, G. Zahtz, L. M. Rosen, E. Goldofsky

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND. Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is a rare disease that results in progressive sensorineural hearing loss. Patients with AIED initially respond to corticosteroids; however, many patients become unresponsive to this treatment over time, and there is no effective alternative therapy for these individuals. METHODS. We performed a phase I/II open-label, single-arm clinical trial of the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra in corticosteroid-resistant AIED patients. Given that the etiology of corticosteroid resistance is likely heterogeneous, we used a Simon 2-stage design to distinguish between an unacceptable (= 30%) response rate to anakinra therapy. Subjects received 100 mg anakinra by subcutaneous injection …

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Spontaneous Live Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy After Ipsilateral Partial Salpingectomy Leading To Tubal Rupture, C. Abraham, V. Seethappan Jan 2014

Spontaneous Live Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy After Ipsilateral Partial Salpingectomy Leading To Tubal Rupture, C. Abraham, V. Seethappan

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INTRODUCTION: Ectopic pregnancy accounts for 1-2% of all pregnancies in the United States. The most common site of implantation for an ectopic pregnancy is the fallopian tube. We present the first case describing a recurrent ectopic pregnancy with a fetal heartbeat after ipsilateral salpingectomy that led to tubal rupture. PRESENTATION OF CASE: The patient presented with abdominal pain approximately six weeks after her last menstrual period. Seven years prior to presentation, a laparoscopic partial right salpingectomy had been performed for a tubal ectopic pregnancy. Physical exam was significant for diffuse abdominal tenderness and guarding. Ultrasonography revealed a right tubal pregnancy …

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Laser-Assisted Zona Pellucida Thinning Does Not Facilitate Hatching And May Disrupt The In Vitro Hatching Process: A Morphokinetic Study In The Mouse, T. Schimmel, J. Cohen, H. Saunders, M. Alikani Jan 2014

Laser-Assisted Zona Pellucida Thinning Does Not Facilitate Hatching And May Disrupt The In Vitro Hatching Process: A Morphokinetic Study In The Mouse, T. Schimmel, J. Cohen, H. Saunders, M. Alikani

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STUDY QUESTION: Does laser-assisted zona thinning of cleavage stage mouse embryos facilitate hatching in vitro? SUMMARY ANSWER: No, unlike laser zona opening, zona thinning does not facilitate embryo hatching. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Artificial opening of the zona pellucida facilitates hatching of mouse and human embryos. Laser-assisted zona thinning has also been used for the purpose of assisted hatching of human embryos but it has not been properly investigated in an animal model; thinning methods have produced inconsistent clinical results. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Time-lapse microscopy was used to study the hatching process in the mouse after zona opening and …

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Intracellular Hmgb1 Inhibits Inflammatory Nucleosome Release And Limits Acute Pancreatitis In Mice, R. Kang, Q. Zhang, W. Hou, Z. Yan, R. Chen, J. Bonaroti, P. Bansal, T. R. Billiar, A. Tsung, Q. Wang, D. L. Bartlett, D. C. Whitcomb, E. B. Chang, X. Zhu, H. Wang, B. Lu, K. J. Tracey, L. Cao, X. G. Fan, M. T. Lotze, H. J., 3rd Zeh, D. Tang Jan 2014

Intracellular Hmgb1 Inhibits Inflammatory Nucleosome Release And Limits Acute Pancreatitis In Mice, R. Kang, Q. Zhang, W. Hou, Z. Yan, R. Chen, J. Bonaroti, P. Bansal, T. R. Billiar, A. Tsung, Q. Wang, D. L. Bartlett, D. C. Whitcomb, E. B. Chang, X. Zhu, H. Wang, B. Lu, K. J. Tracey, L. Cao, X. G. Fan, M. T. Lotze, H. J., 3rd Zeh, D. Tang

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BACKGROUND & AIMS: High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an abundant protein that regulates chromosome architecture and also functions as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule. Little is known about its intracellular roles in response to tissue injury or during subsequent local and systemic inflammatory responses. We investigated the function of Hmgb1 in mice after induction of acute pancreatitis. METHODS: We utilized a Cre/LoxP system to create mice with pancreas-specific disruption in Hmbg1 (Pdx1-Cre; HMGB1(flox/flox) mice). Acute pancreatitis was induced in these mice (HMGB1(flox/flox) mice served as controls) after injection of l-arginine or cerulein. Pancreatic tissues and acinar cells were …

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Hmgb1-Dna Complex-Induced Autophagy Limits Aim2 Inflammasome Activation Through Rage, L. Y. Liu, M. H. Yang, R. Kang, Y. P. Dai, X. J. Sun, X. L. Li, J. H. Li, H. C. Wang, L. Z. Cao, D. L. Tang, +3 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Hmgb1-Dna Complex-Induced Autophagy Limits Aim2 Inflammasome Activation Through Rage, L. Y. Liu, M. H. Yang, R. Kang, Y. P. Dai, X. J. Sun, X. L. Li, J. H. Li, H. C. Wang, L. Z. Cao, D. L. Tang, +3 Additional Authors

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High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a prototype damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that can induce inflammatory and immune responses alone as well as in combination with other molecules such as DNA. However, the intricate molecular mechanisms underlying HMGB1-DNA complex-mediated innate immune response remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that HMGB1-DNA complex initially induced absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2)-dependent inflammasome activation, and promoted rapid release of inflammasome-dependent early proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 (IL-1 beta). Subsequently, HMGB1 - DNA complex stimulated an ATG5-dependent cellular degradation process, autophagy, which was paralleled by a cessation of AIM2 inflammasome activation …

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Molecular Mechanism And Therapeutic Modulation Of High Mobility Group Box 1 Release And Action: An Updated Review, B. Lu, C. Wang, M. Wang, W. Li, F. P. Chen, K. J. Tracey, H. C. Wang Jan 2014

Molecular Mechanism And Therapeutic Modulation Of High Mobility Group Box 1 Release And Action: An Updated Review, B. Lu, C. Wang, M. Wang, W. Li, F. P. Chen, K. J. Tracey, H. C. Wang

Journal Articles

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an evolutionarily conserved protein, and is constitutively expressed in virtually all types of cells. Infection and injury converge on common inflammatory responses that are mediated by HMGB1 secreted from immunologically activated immune cells or passively released from pathologically damaged cells. Herein we review the emerging molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)-induced HMGB1 secretion, and summarize many HMGB1-targeting therapeutic strategies for the treatment of infection- and injury-elicited inflammatory diseases. It may well be possible to develop strategies that specifically attenuate damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)-mediated inflammatory responses without compromising the PAMPs-mediated …

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Mirror Image Artifact Mimicking Heterotopic Pregnancy On Transvaginal Ultrasound: Case Series, R. Malhotra, R. M. Bramante, M. Radomski, M. Nelson Jan 2014

Mirror Image Artifact Mimicking Heterotopic Pregnancy On Transvaginal Ultrasound: Case Series, R. Malhotra, R. M. Bramante, M. Radomski, M. Nelson

Journal Articles

Vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is a common emergency department complaint. Point-of-care ultrasound is a useful tool to evaluate for intrauterine ectopic pregnancy. Emergency physicians performing these studies need to be cognizant of artifacts produced by ultrasound technology, as they can lead to misdiagnosis. We present two cases where mirror-image artifacts initially led to a concern for heterotopic pregnancies but were excluded on further imaging.

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Patients In A Private Hospital In India Leave The Emergency Department Against Medical Advice For Financial Reasons, S. Naderi, J. R. Acerra, K. Bailey, P. Mukherji, T. Taraphdar, T. Mukherjee, A. Pal, M. F. Ward, K. Miele, M. Mathias, R. Tan, M. Kline, K. Alagappan, R. Silverman Jan 2014

Patients In A Private Hospital In India Leave The Emergency Department Against Medical Advice For Financial Reasons, S. Naderi, J. R. Acerra, K. Bailey, P. Mukherji, T. Taraphdar, T. Mukherjee, A. Pal, M. F. Ward, K. Miele, M. Mathias, R. Tan, M. Kline, K. Alagappan, R. Silverman

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Some reports indicate financial concerns as a factor affecting ED patients leaving the acute care setting against medical advice (AMA). In India, no person is supposed to be denied urgent care because of inability to pay. Since a large proportion of the Indian health care system is financed by out-of-pocket expenses, we investigate the role of financial constraints for ED patients at a private hospital in India in leaving AMA. METHODS: A prospective ED-based cross-sectional survey of patients leaving AMA was conducted at a private hospital in India from 1 October 2010 to 31 December 2010. Descriptive statistics and …

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Case Report: Transient Small Bowel Intussusception Presenting As Right Lower Quadrant Pain In A 6-Year-Old Male, M. J. Nelson, T. Paterson, C. Raio Jan 2014

Case Report: Transient Small Bowel Intussusception Presenting As Right Lower Quadrant Pain In A 6-Year-Old Male, M. J. Nelson, T. Paterson, C. Raio

Journal Articles

In children presenting to the emergency room with right lower quadrant pain, ultrasound is the preferred initial modality. In our patient, a 6-year-old male with a sudden onset of severe right lower quadrant pain, the differential is broad, including appendicitis and intussusception. In order to narrow our differential and secure the diagnosis, our first modality was ultrasonography. With the increased use of point-of-care ultrasound in the emergency department, the diagnosis of appendicitis and ileo-colic intussusception has been made more frequently. In addition, other entities such as transient small bowel intussusception may be identified. As in our case, obstruction secondary to …

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Gene-Based Therapies In Parkinson's Disease, P. J. Allen, A. Feigin Jan 2014

Gene-Based Therapies In Parkinson's Disease, P. J. Allen, A. Feigin

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized primarily by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and diminution of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Though dopamine replacement therapies such as levodopa can improve the symptoms of PD, the benefits may be overshadowed by side effects and the onset of symptoms not responsive to dopaminergic treatments (e.g., autonomic symptoms, gait and balance problems, and cognitive impairment). Furthermore, no therapies have proven to slow the neurodegenerative process. Novel approaches to address these difficult problems, and others, are being sought. Over the last decade, several innovative gene therapies for PD have entered human clinical …

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Septic Arthritis Of A Native Knee Joint Due To Corynebacterium Striatum, L. F. Westblade, F. Shams, S. Duong, O. Tariq, A. Bulbin, W. Zhen, S. Sakaria, B. A. Ford, C. A. D. Burnham, C. C. Ginocchio, +1 Additional Author Jan 2014

Septic Arthritis Of A Native Knee Joint Due To Corynebacterium Striatum, L. F. Westblade, F. Shams, S. Duong, O. Tariq, A. Bulbin, W. Zhen, S. Sakaria, B. A. Ford, C. A. D. Burnham, C. C. Ginocchio, +1 Additional Author

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We report a case of septic arthritis of a native knee joint due to Corynebacterium striatum, a rare and unusual cause of septic arthritis of native joints. The isolate was identified by a combination of phenotypic, mass spectrometric, and nucleic acid-based assays and exhibited high-level resistance to most antimicrobials.

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Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depression Clinical Perspectives, M. Altemus, N. Sarvaiya, C. N. Epperson Jan 2014

Sex Differences In Anxiety And Depression Clinical Perspectives, M. Altemus, N. Sarvaiya, C. N. Epperson

Journal Articles

Sex differences are prominent in mood and anxiety disorders and may provide a window into mechanisms of onset and maintenance of affective disturbances in both men and women. With the plethora of sex differences in brain structure, function, and stress responsivity, as well as differences in exposure to reproductive hormones, social expectations and experiences, the challenge is to understand which sex differences are relevant to affective illness. This review will focus on clinical aspects of sex differences in affective disorders including the emergence of sex differences across developmental stages and the impact of reproductive events. Biological, cultural, and experiential factors …

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Family-Focused Treatment For Adolescents And Young Adults At High Risk For Psychosis: Results Of A Randomized Trial, D. J. Miklowitz, M. P. O'Brien, D. A. Schlosser, J. Addington, K. A. Candan, B. C. Walsh, J. L. Zinberg, S. D. De Silva, M. Friedman-Yakoobian, T. D. Cannon, +2 Additional Authors Jan 2014

Family-Focused Treatment For Adolescents And Young Adults At High Risk For Psychosis: Results Of A Randomized Trial, D. J. Miklowitz, M. P. O'Brien, D. A. Schlosser, J. Addington, K. A. Candan, B. C. Walsh, J. L. Zinberg, S. D. De Silva, M. Friedman-Yakoobian, T. D. Cannon, +2 Additional Authors

Journal Articles

Objective: Longitudinal studies have begun to clarify the phenotypic characteristics of adolescents and young adults at clinical high risk for psychosis. This 8-site randomized trial examined whether a 6-month program of family psychoeducation was effective in reducing the severity of attenuated positive and negative psychotic symptoms and enhancing functioning among individuals at high risk. Method: Adolescents and young adults (mean age 17.4 +/- 4.1 years) with attenuated positive psychotic symptoms, brief and intermittent psychosis, or genetic risk with functional deterioration were randomly assigned to 18 sessions of family-focused therapy for individuals at clinical high risk (FFT-CHR) in 6 months or …

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Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Plasma Homovanillic Acid Levels In Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report, I. Miura, S. Kono, S. Oshima, K. Kanno-Nozaki, H. Mashiko, S. I. Niwa, H. Yabe Jan 2014

Near-Infrared Spectroscopy And Plasma Homovanillic Acid Levels In Bipolar Disorder: A Case Report, I. Miura, S. Kono, S. Oshima, K. Kanno-Nozaki, H. Mashiko, S. I. Niwa, H. Yabe

Journal Articles

Misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder is a serious, but not unusual problem for patients. Nevertheless, there are few biomarkers for distinguishing unipolar and bipolar disorder. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive and useful method for the measurement of hemoglobin concentration changes in the cortical surface area, which enables the assessment of brain function. We measured NIRS and plasma monoamine metabolite levels in a patient with bipolar disorder. A 22-year-old man was admitted due to major depression. At admission, NIRS findings showed oxygenated hemoglobin reincrease in the posttask period, which is characteristic of schizophrenia. After treatment with paroxetine, he became manic with …

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