Medical Specialties Commons^™

Noise-Induced Tinnitus Using Individualized Gap Detection Analysis And Its Relationship With Hyperacusis, Anxiety, And Spatial Cognition, Edward Pace, Jinsheng Zhang

Communication Sciences and Disorders Faculty Research Publications

Tinnitus has a complex etiology that involves auditory and non-auditory factors and may be accompanied by hyperacusis, anxiety and cognitive changes. Thus far, investigations of the interrelationship between tinnitus and auditory and non-auditory impairment have yielded conflicting results. To further address this issue, we noise exposed rats and assessed them for tinnitus using a gap detection behavioral paradigm combined with statistically-driven analysis to diagnose tinnitus in individual rats. We also tested rats for hearing detection, responsivity, and loss using prepulse inhibition and auditory brainstem response, and for spatial cognition and anxiety using Morris water maze and elevated plus maze. We …

Resistance Of Human Cytomegalovirus To Cyclopropavir Maps To A Base Pair Deletion In The Open Reading Frame Of Ul97, Brian G. Gentry, Laura E. Vollmer, Ellie D. Hall, Katherine Z. Borysko, Jiri Zemlicka, Jeremy P. Kamil, John C. Drach

Oncology Faculty Publications

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen in the human population, affecting many immunologically immature and immunocompromised patients, and can result in severe complications, such as interstitial pneumonia and mental retardation. Current chemotherapies for the treatment of HCMV infections include ganciclovir (GCV), foscarnet, and cidofovir. However, the high incidences of adverse effects (neutropenia and nephrotoxicity) limit the use of these drugs. Cyclopropavir (CPV), a guanosine nucleoside analog, is 10-fold more active against HCMV than GCV (50% effective concentrations [EC₅₀s] = 0.46 and 4.1 μM, respectively). We hypothesize that the mechanism of action of CPV is similar to that …

Multicenter Study Of High-Dose Daptomycin For Treatment Of Enterococcal Infections, Anthony M. Casapao, Ravina Kullar, Susan L. Davis, Donald P. Levine, Jing J. Zhao, Brian A. Potoski, Debra A. Goff, Christopher W. Crank, John Segreti, George Sakoulas, Sara E. Cosgrove, Michael J. Rybak

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Enterococci are among the leading pathogens isolated in hospital-acquired infections. Current antimicrobial options for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are limited. Prior data suggests that daptomycin > 6mg/kg/day may be used to treat enterococcal infections. We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness and safety of high-dose daptomycin (HD-daptomycin) therapy (> 6 mg/kg) in a multicenter cohort of adult patients with enterococcal infections to describe the characteristics and outcomes. Two-hundred and forty-five patients were evaluated. Enterococcus faecium was identified in 175 (71%), followed by 49 (20%) Enterococcus faecalis and 21 (9%) Enterococcus spp., overall 204 (83%) were VRE. Enterococcal infections included bacteremia (173, 71%), intra-abdominal (35, …

Immunopathology Of Cd4+ T Cell-Mediated Autoimmune Responses To Central Nervous System Antigens: Role Of Il-16, Harley Y. Tse, Dusanka S. Skundric, William W. Cruikshank, Paul C. Montgomery, Robert P. Lisak

Neurology Faculty Publications

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). While etiology of the disease remains unknown, genetic susceptibility and autoimmune mechanisms in the initiation and progression of the disease have been strongly suggested. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is commonly used to study immune regulation of MS. Infiltration by CD4⁺ T cells, through blood-brain barrier (BBB), precedes the onset and relapses of MS. CNS migration and homing patterns of T cells are tightly synchronized by astrocyte and microglia derived cytokines and chemokines. Autoimmune, CNS antigenreactive, infiltrating T cells produce and locally release …

Combination Of Sirna-Directed Gene Silencing With Cisplatin Reverses Drug Resistance In Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Shanthi Ganesh, Arun K. Iyer, Jan Weller, David V. Morrissey, Mansoor M. Amiji

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Publications

One of the most challenging aspects of lung cancer therapy is the rapid acquisition of multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype. One effective approach would be to identify and downregulate resistance-causing genes in tumors using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic challenge. After identifying the overexpressed resistance-related antiapoptotic genes (survivin and bcl-2) in cisplatin-resistant cells, the siRNA sequences were designed and screened to select the most efficacious candidates. Modifications were introduced in them to minimize off-target effects. Subsequently, the combination of siRNA and cisplatin that gave the maximum synergy was identified in resistant cells. We then …

Intratumoral Chemotherapy For Lung Cancer: Re-Challenge Current Targeted Therapies, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt, Paul Zarogoulidis, Kaid Darwiche, Thomas Vogl, Eugene P. Goldberg, Haidong Huang, Michael Simoff, Qiang Li, Robert Browning, Francis J. Turner, Patrick Le Pivert, Dionysios Spyratos, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis, Seyhan I. Celikoglu, Firuz Celikoglu, Johannes Brachmann

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Strategies to enhance the already established doublet chemotherapy regimen for lung cancer have been investigated for more than 20 years. Initially, the concept was to administer chemotherapy drugs locally to the tumor site for efficient diffusion through passive transport within the tumor. Recent advances have enhanced the diffusion of pharmaceuticals through active transport by using pharmaceuticals designed to target the genome of tumors. In the present study, five patients with non-small cell lung cancer epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) negative stage IIIa–IV International Union Against Cancer 7 (UICC-7), and with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 2 scores were administered platinum-based …

Necrotizing Sarcoid Granulomatosis With Hemoptysis: A Case Report And Literature Review, Haidong Huang, Chen Li, Chong Bai, Qiang Li, Weiqiang Zheng, Zhi Zhu, Paul Zarogoulidis, Konstantinos Zarogoulidis, Andreas Gschwendtner, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt, Michael Simoff

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

We present a case of 39-year-old male with the symptoms of fever, cough, chest pain and bloody phlegm, whose chest CT showed multiple subpleural nodules and inflammatory infiltration. Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery ( VATS ) for right subplural nodule was performed and confirmed the diagnosis of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis. Prednisolone was administered and the symptoms were under control untill the occurrence of intermittent hemoptysis after 10 months. Chest CT and bronchoscope revealed the right lower lobe nodule with intraluminal necrotic tissue in the right lower lobe posterior basal segment respectively. Fatal hemoptysis happened during endobronchial biopsy by flexible bronchoscope forcep. Based …

Physical Activity And Exercise During Adolescence And Young Adulthood Can Act As Preventative Measures Against The Development Of Osteoporosis In Elderly People, Christine C. Center

Honors College Theses

Osteoporosis, “the silent killer,” is responsible for 8.9 million annual fractures. Although not bound to these factors, osteoporosis typically targets females that are post-menopausal and have a family history of the disease. Osteoporosis is caused by a decrease in bone mass density. Physical activity and exercise and often spoken about when the topic of osteoporosis is discussed because of the impact they have on maintaining bone mass density in an effort to delay osteoporosis. This paper first provides an overview of osteoporosis, explanation of methods of diagnosing osteoporosis, risk factors, complications and treatment for osteoporosis. Topics covered include, bone mass …

Gambogic Acid Is A Tissue-Specific Proteasome Inhibitor In Vitro And In Vivo, Xiaofen Li, Shouting Liu, Hongbiao Huang, Ningning Liu, Chong Zhao, Siyan Liao, Changshan Yang, Yurong Liu, Canguo Zhao, Shujue Li, Xiaoyu Lu, Chunjiao Liu, Lixia Guan, Kai Zhao, Xiaoqing Shi, Wenbin Song, Ping Zhou, Xiaoxian Dong, Haiping Guo, Guanmei Wen, Change Zhang, Lili Jiang, Ningfang Ma, Bing Li, Shunqing Wang, Huo Tan, Xuejun Wang, Q. Ping Dou, Jinbao Lin

Oncology Faculty Publications

Gambogic acid (GA) is a natural compound derived from Chinese herbs that has been approved by the Chinese Food and Drug Administration for clinical trials in cancer patients; however, its molecular targets have not been thoroughly studied. Here, we report that GA inhibits tumor proteasome activity, with potency comparable to bortezomib but much less toxicity. First, GA acts as a prodrug and only gains proteasome-inhibitory function after being metabolized by intracellular CYP2E1. Second, GA-induced proteasome inhibition is a prerequisite for its cytotoxicity and anticancer effect without off-targets. Finally, because expression of the CYP2E1 gene is very high in tumor tissues …

Characterization Of High-Voltage-Activated Calcium Channels In Retinal Bipolar Cells, Qi Lu

Wayne State University Dissertations

Retinal bipolar cells, conveying visual information from photoreceptors to ganglion cells, segregate visual information into multiple parallel pathways through their diversified cell types and physiological properties. Voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels could be particularly important underlying the diversified physiological properties of different BCs. In this dissertation, I investigated the high-voltage-activated (HVA) calcium current in retinal bipolar cells in mice. In the first part of my dissertation, I characterized multiple bipolar cell-expressing GFP and/or Cre transgenic mouse lines. In the second part of my dissertation, by performing whole-cell patch-clamp recordings, I examined the electrophysiological properties of HVA calcium currents among CBCs and …

Impact Of Cryoablation On Tumor Immunity, Jesse Veenstra

Wayne State University Dissertations

Background and Objectives: Percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive procedure for tumor debulking, which has the potential to initiate or amplify tumor immunity through the release of tumor-associated antigens and endogenous danger signals. However, enhanced immunity is rarely observed in treated patients, suggesting the need for mechanistic analysis. The goal is to determine how cryoablation affects tumor specific immunity and if the response can be improved through exogenous TLR9 stimulation.

Methodology: We evaluated anti-Her2/neu immunity following cryoablation in wt BALB/c and tolerant NeuT mice inoculated with neu or Her2 expressing mammary tumors TUBO and D2F2/E2 respectively. Mice were treated with …

Characterizing Inflammatory Breast Cancer Among Arab Americans In The California, Detroit And New Jersey Surveillance, Epidemiology And End Results (Seer) Registries (1988–2008), Kelly A. Hirko, Amr S. Soliman, Mousumi Banerjee, Julie Ruterbusch, Joe B. Harford, Robert M. Chamberlain, John J. Graff, Sofia D. Merajver, Kendra Schwartz

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by an apparent geographical distribution in incidence, being more common in North Africa than other parts of the world. Despite the rapid growth of immigrants to the United States from Arab nations, little is known about disease patterns among Arab Americans because a racial category is rarely considered for this group. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the burden of IBC in Arab ethnic populations by describing the proportion of IBC among different racial groups, including Arab Americans from the Detroit, New Jersey and California Surveillance, Epidemiology …

Cardiovascular Fitness Associated With Cognitive Performance In Heart Failure Patients Enrolled In Cardiac Rehabilitation, Sarah Garcia, Michael L. Alosco, Mary Beth Spitznagel, Ronald Cohen, Naftali Raz, Lawrence Sweet, Richard Josephson, Joel Hughes, Jim Rosneck, Morgan L. Oberle, John Gunstad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Reduced cognitive function is common in persons with heart failure (HF). Cardiovascular fitness is a known contributor to cognitive function in many patient populations, but has only been linked to cognition based on estimates of fitness in HF. The current study examined the relationship between fitness as measured by metabolic equivalents (METs) from a standardized stress test and cognition in persons with HF, as well as the validity of office-based predictors of fitness in this population.

Methods

Forty-one HF patients enrolled in cardiac rehabilitation completed a standardized exercise stress test protocol, a brief neuropsychological battery, the 2-minute step …

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-1b Regulates The Tyrosine Phosphorylation Of The Adapter Grb2-Associated Binder 1 (Gab1) In The Retina, Ammaji Rajala, Ashok K. Dilly, Raju Vs Rajala

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Gab1 (Grb2-associated binder 1) is a key coordinator that belongs to the insulin receptor substrate-1 like family of adaptor molecules and is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to various growth factors, cytokines, and numerous other molecules. Tyrosine phosphorylated Gab1 is able to recruit a number of signaling effectors including PI3K, SHP2 and PLC-γ. In this study, we characterized the localization and regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 in the retina.

Results

Our immuno localization studies suggest that Gab1 is expressed in rod photoreceptor inner segments. We found that hydrogen peroxide activates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab1 ex vivo and …

Pten Loss Mediated Akt Activation Promotes Prostate Tumor Growth And Metastasis Via Cxcl12/Cxcr4 Signaling, M Conley-Lacomb, Allen Saliganan, Pridvi Kandagatla, Yong Q. Chen, Michael L. Cher, Sreenivasa R. Chinni

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Introduction

The chemokine CXCL12, also known as SDF-1, and its receptor, CXCR4, are overexpressed in prostate cancers and in animal models of prostate-specific PTEN deletion, but their regulation is poorly understood. Loss of the tumor suppressor PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog) is frequently observed in cancer, resulting in the deregulation of cell survival, growth, and proliferation. We hypothesize that loss of PTEN and subsequent activation of Akt, frequent occurrences in prostate cancer, regulate the CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling axis in tumor growth and bone metastasis.

Methods

Murine prostate epithelial cells from PTEN^+/+, PTEN ^+/− , and PTEN^−/− (prostate …

Transcranial Sonothrombolysis Using High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound: Impact Of Increasing Output Power On Clot Fragmentation, Golnaz Ahadi, Christian S. Welch, Michele J. Grimm, David J. Fisher, Eyal Zadicario, Karin Ernström, Arne H. Voie, Thilo Hölscher

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between increasing output power levels and clot fragmentation during high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)-induced thrombolysis.

Methods

A HIFU headsystem, designed for brain applications in humans, was used for this project. A human calvarium was mounted inside the water-filled hemispheric transducer. Artificial thrombi were placed inside the skull and located at the natural focus point of the transducer. Clots were exposed to a range of acoustic output power levels from 0 to 400 W. The other HIFU operating parameters remained constant. To assess clot fragmentation, three filters of different …

Multi-Modality Assessment Of Language Function, Erik Carmen Brown

Wayne State University Dissertations

The work presented as part of this dissertation represents a multi-modality study of language structure and function. The primary functional modality employed is task-related electrocorticography (ECoG). This is complemented by discussion and evaluation of previously published functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data. Language-related structure is explored using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with ECoG data. The scientific questions pursued are broad and include reevaluation of previously proposed theories.

We start by taking the first steps in validating our naming-related ECoG approach by comparing our results from a small cohort of patients to the clinical gold-standard technique of electrical brain …

Linking Environmental Toxicant Exposure To Diabetes Susceptibility, Jannifer Beth Tyrrell

Wayne State University Dissertations

An important and unresolved question in the environmental health field is whether exposure to common environmental toxicants, such as dioxin and heavy metals like Pb, increase the risk of developing diabetes, especially in combination with other common metabolic stressors such as obesity.

Previous studies suggested that dioxin exposure increased peripheral insulin resistance but did not appear to cause fasting hyperglycemia or elevated hepatic glucose output. In concordance with those findings we observed that dioxin treatment caused a strong suppression of the expression of the key hepatic gluconeogenic genes PEPCK and G6Pase. However, this suppression was not solely mediated by the …

White Matter Integrity And Age Related Differences In Reaction Time Components, Yiqin Yang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Reduced speed in information processing is a well-documented phenomenon associated with advanced aging. Age-related deterioration in white matter integrity might play a role in age-related increase in reaction time (RT). However, the association between microstructural differences in particular white matter regions or tracts with RT is unclear. Decomposing RT into parts might be a better way to understand the relationship due to multiple processes involved in RT. In a lifespan sample of 90 healthy normotensive participants, this study examined the association between RT components derived from the Ratcliff diffusion model with age related difference in DTI indices of a wide …

Microenvironment Generated During Egfr Targeted Killing Of Pancreatic Tumor Cells By Atc Inhibits Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Through Cox2 And Pge2 Dependent Pathway, Archana Thakur, Dana Schalk, Elyse Tomaszewski, Sri Kondadasula, Hiroshi Yano, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Lawrence G. Lum

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major components of the immune-suppressive network, play key roles in tumor progression and limit therapeutic responses. Recently, we reported that tumor spheres formed by breast cancer cell lines were visibly smaller in a Th₁ enriched microenvironment with significantly reduced differentiation of MDSC populations in 3D culture. In this study, we investigated the mechanism(s) of bispecific antibody armed ATC mediated inhibition of MDSC in the presence or absence of Th₁ microenvironment.

Methods

We used 3D co-culture model of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) with pancreatic cancer cells MiaPaCa-2 [MiaE] …

Inhibition Of Hedgehog Signaling Sensitizes Nsclc Cells To Standard Therapies Through Modulation Of Emt-Regulating Mirnas, Aamir Ahmad, Ma'in Y. Maitah, Kevin R. Ginnebaugh, Yiwei Li, Bin Bao, Shirish M. Gadgeel, Fazlul H. Sarkar

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Epidermal growth factor receptor- tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) benefit Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, and an EGFR-TKIi erlotinib, is approved for patients with recurrent NSCLC. However, resistance to erlotinib is a major clinical problem. Earlier we have demonstrated the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal transition (EMT) of NSCLC cells, leading to increased proliferation and invasion. Here, we investigated the role of Hh signaling in erlotinib resistance of TGF-β1-induced NSCLC cells that are reminiscent of EMT cells.

Methods

Hh signaling was inhibited by specific siRNA and by GDC-0449, a small molecule antagonist of G protein coupled …

Systems Analysis Reveals A Transcriptional Reversal Of The Mesenchymal Phenotype Induced By Snail-Inhibitor Gn-25, Asfar S. Azmi, Aliccia Bollig-Fischer, Bin Bao, Bum-Joon Park, Sun-Hye Lee, Gyu Yong-Song, Gregory Dyson, Chandan K. Reddy, Fazlul H. Sarkar, Ramzi M. Mohammad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

HMLEs (HMLE-SNAIL and Kras-HMLE, Kras-HMLE-SNAIL pairs) serve as excellent model system to interrogate the effect of SNAIL targeted agents that reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We had earlier developed a SNAIL-p53 interaction inhibitor (GN-25) that was shown to suppress SNAIL function. In this report, using systems biology and pathway network analysis, we show that GN-25 could cause reversal of EMT leading to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in a well-recognized HMLE-SNAIL and Kras-HMLE-SNAIL models.

Results

GN-25 induced MET was found to be consistent with growth inhibition, suppression of spheroid forming capacity and induction of apoptosis. Pathway network analysis of mRNA expression …

Targeting And Killing Of Glioblastoma With Activated T Cells Armed With Bispecific Antibodies, Ian M. Zitron, Archana Thakur, Oxana Norkina, Geoffrey R. Barger, Lawrence G. Lum, Sandeep Mittal

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Since most glioblastomas express both wild-type EGFR and EGFRvIII as well as HER2/neu, they are excellent targets for activated T cells (ATC) armed with bispecific antibodies (BiAbs) that target EGFR and HER2.

Methods

ATC were generated from PBMC activated for 14 days with anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody in the presence of interleukin-2 and armed with chemically heteroconjugated anti-CD3×anti-HER2/neu (HER2Bi) and/or anti-CD3×anti-EGFR (EGFRBi). HER2Bi- and/or EGFRBi-armed ATC were examined for in vitro cytotoxicity using MTT and ⁵¹Cr-release assays against malignant glioma lines (U87MG, U118MG, and U251MG) and primary glioblastoma lines.

Results

EGFRBi-armed ATC killed up to 85% of U87, …

Maternal Circulating Leukocytes Display Early Chemotactic Responsiveness During Late Gestation, Nardhy Gomez-Lopez, Satomi Tanaka, Zoya Zaeem, Gerlinde A. Metz, David M. Olson

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Parturition has been widely described as an immunological response; however, it is unknown how this is triggered. We hypothesized that an early event in parturition is an increased responsiveness of peripheral leukocytes to chemotactic stimuli expressed by reproductive tissues, and this precedes expression of tissue chemotactic activity, uterine activation and the systemic progesterone/estradiol shift.

Methods

Tissues and blood were collected from pregnant Long-Evans rats on gestational days (GD) 17, 20 and 22 (term gestation). We employed a validated Boyden chamber assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

We found that GD20 maternal …

Decreased Neuroinflammation And Increased Brain Energy Homeostasis Following Environmental Enrichment After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Is Associated With Improvement In Cognitive Function, Teresita L. Briones, Julie Woods, Magdalena Rogozinska

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Persistent neuroinflammation and disruptions in brain energy metabolism is commonly seen in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Because of the lack of success of most TBI interventions and the documented benefits of environmental enrichment (EE) in enhancing brain plasticity, here we focused our study on use of EE in regulating injury-induced neuroinflammation and disruptions in energy metabolism in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Adult male Wistar rats were used in the study and randomly assigned to receive either: mild TBI (mTBI) using the controlled cortical injury model or sham surgery. Following surgery, rats from each group were further randomized …

Subjective Health Status And Health-Related Quality Of Life Among Women With Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidosis (Rvvc) In Europe And The Usa, Samuel Aballéa, Florent Guelfucci, Julian Wagner, Amine Khemiri, Jean-Paul Dietz, Jack Sobel, Mondher Toumi

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis (RVVC) is a chronic condition causing discomfort and pain. Health status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in RVVC were never previously described using validated questionnaires. The objective of this study is to describe subjective health status and HRQoL and estimate health state utilities among women with RVVC.

Methods

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among women who reported having suffered four or more yeast infections over the past 12 months, in five European countries (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK) and the USA. Index scores were derived from the EQ-5D, a questionnaire providing …

An Edge-Directed Interpolation Method For Fetal Spine Mr Images, Shaode Yu, Rui Zhang, Shibin Wu, Jiani Hu, Yaoqin Xie

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Fetal spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prenatal routine for proper assessment of fetus development, especially when suspected spinal malformations occur while ultrasound fails to provide details. Limited by hardware, fetal spine MR images suffer from its low resolution.

High-resolution MR images can directly enhance readability and improve diagnosis accuracy. Image interpolation for higher resolution is required in clinical situations, while many methods fail to preserve edge structures. Edge carries heavy structural messages of objects in visual scenes for doctors to detect suspicions, classify malformations and make correct diagnosis. Effective interpolation with well-preserved edge structures is still …

Bronchial Thermoplasty, Javier Diaz-Mendoza, Chong Bai, Hai-Dong Huang, Michael J. Simoff

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Expression And Regulation Of Map Kinase Phosphatases 1 And 2 In Breast Cancer Tamoxifen Sensitivity, Kelly Haagenson

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

EXPRESSION AND REGULATION OF MAP KINASE PHOSPHATASES 1 and 2 IN BREAST CANCER TAMOXIFEN SENSITIVITY

by

KELLY K. HAAGENSON

May 2013

Advisor: Dr. Malathy Shekhar

Co-Advisor: Dr. Gen Sheng Wu

Major: Cancer Biology

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

The deregulation of cell signaling is a very important component in the development and progression of cancer. One group of signaling molecules that has been implicated in these processes is the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) family which consists of three major branches in mammalian cells: ERK, JNK and p38. The activity of these kinases has wide-ranging effects within the cell and must …

Advanced Augmented Reality Telestration Techniques With Applications In Laparoscopic And Robotic Surgery, Stephen Dworzecki

Wayne State University Dissertations

The art of teaching laparoscopic or robotic surgery currently has a primary reliance on an expert surgeon tutoring a student during a live surgery. During these operations, surgeons are viewing the inside of the body through a manipulatable camera. Due to the viewpoint translation and narrow field of view, these techniques have a substantial learning curve in order to gain the mastery necessary to operate safely. In addition to moving and rotating the camera, the surgeon must also manipulate tools inserted into the body. These tools are only visible on camera, and pass through a pivot point on the body …