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Articles 451 - 480 of 489
Full-Text Articles in Medical Specialties
Quantification Of Circulating Melanoma Cells, Jamie Freeman
Quantification Of Circulating Melanoma Cells, Jamie Freeman
Theses : Honours
Current prognostic techniques for Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma (CMM), a highly aggressive and drug resistant skin cancer, are inadequate at managing the disease and identifying early stage patients requiring treatment. It is thought that Circulating Tumour Cells (CTCs), which circulate in patient blood after being shed from solid tumours, may be useful in enhancing prognostic techniques and it has previously been shown in other malignancies that the presence of CTCs in patient blood is associated with poor prognosis. In CMM, CTCs can be detected through RT-PCR for melanoma associated markers, although this technique does not allow CTCs to be quantified. In …
Determining Standard Criteria For Endotracheal Suctioning In The Paediatric Intensive Care Patient: An Exploratory Study [Thesis], Kylie Davies
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Endotracheal tube (ETT) suction is a common nursing procedure within the paediatric intensive care (PIC) setting. Significant side effects associated with this procedure can dramatically affect the stability of the critically ill ventilated paediatric patient. A comprehensive literature review failed to establish clear standards for determining when the procedure is warranted, especially in the paediatric population. This can present difficulty for the inexperienced paediatric intensive care nurse when assessing a patient's need for ETT suction. The aim of the research was to design an evidence based endotracheal suction assessment tool (ESAT) for use by nurses caring for paediatric patients. The …
The Effect Of Nurse Initiated Paracetamol On Emergency Department Patients With Pain From Low Acuity Injury, Joanne G. Wilson
The Effect Of Nurse Initiated Paracetamol On Emergency Department Patients With Pain From Low Acuity Injury, Joanne G. Wilson
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Early identification and management of pain was identified at the commencement of this study as a key area requiring research in emergency departments. Prolonged waiting times for analgesia especially, was highlighted in the National Institute of Clinical Studies emergency department collaborative in 2003. Many barriers exist for a patient to receive analgesia. In Western Australia this is compounded by the legislation which restricts prescribing rights for nurses. Three considerations guided the development of the research project. Firstly, the patient has initial contact with the emergency department from the nurse at triage. Secondly, paracetamol was recognised as a potentially effective analgesic …
The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac
The Evaluation Of Midazolam On Head Injured Patients In The Prehospital Setting, Dragana Klinac
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Midazolam (Hypnovel ®) is the only sedating agent used by paramedics at St John Ambulance Service W.A. in the management of many conditions including seizure activities, antisocial or uncontrollable behaviours, back pain incidents and head injuries. Midazolam, with a rapid absorption, fast onset of action and short duration on neurological activity, has been accepted as a safe and effective agent in prehospital treatment since the late-1990s. Often, if a patient is not complying with treatment or is uncontrollable or aggressive, paramedics are required to sedate the individual. This study primarily examines the use of midazolam for the sedation of unmanageable …
Development Of A Blood Test For The Detection Of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, Rebecca Slattery
Development Of A Blood Test For The Detection Of Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, Rebecca Slattery
Theses : Honours
Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer that has a tendency to metastasise. In its early stages, the 5-year survival rate of patients is greater than 90% following surgical excision of an in situ tumour. However, following metastasis of the tumour, the 5-year survival rate declines to 5-35%. Due to the correlation between metastasis and declining survival, studies have attempted to identify potential metastasis as early as possible. Molecular markers of melanoma cells in the peripheral blood of CMM patients have been investigated, as the invasion of tumour cells into the blood is one of the …
Is The Treatment And Transport Of Asystolic Cardiac Arrest Patients To Hospital By Ambulance Services Appropriate?, Andy Symons
Is The Treatment And Transport Of Asystolic Cardiac Arrest Patients To Hospital By Ambulance Services Appropriate?, Andy Symons
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The Paramedic's role requires them to attend many patients in cardiac arrest. The victim' s survival depends on a variety of issues, such as previous medical history, pathological cause of cardiac arrest, presenting cardiac arrest dysrhythmias, and the time elapsed before medical aid is administered. The purpose of this present study was to review current practice advocated by St John Ambulance Service WA for the treatment of the cardiac arrest dysrhythmia `asystole'. At present, certain victims of an asystolic arrest are treated and transported to hospital irrespective of time in arrest. As such, questions are raised as to the suitability …
Effect Of A Paediatric Incentive Spacer And Reinforcement Of Inhalation Technique Training In Preschool Children, Jasminka Murdzoska
Effect Of A Paediatric Incentive Spacer And Reinforcement Of Inhalation Technique Training In Preschool Children, Jasminka Murdzoska
Theses : Honours
Incorrect inhaled drug delivery technique is a common problem in paediatric asthma [1-4]. Previously, device technique training has been shown to significantly improve inhaler skills, using subjective methods, namely check-list analysis [5-8]. However, more objective measures are needed to examine more comprehensively the effect of training in preschool children and parents. Resistance to regular asthma therapy is also a frequent problem when attempting to treat young children. Reasoning with young children can be very difficult and parents often have to struggle with their child to achieve compliance [2]. The Funhaler spacer (FH) (Funhaler™; InfaMed, Australia) has been developed in an …
Paediatric Palliative And Supportive Care: Caring For Life: The Needs Of Children And Families In Western Australia, Leanne Monterosso, Linda Kristjanson, Marianne Phillips, Sue Rowell
Paediatric Palliative And Supportive Care: Caring For Life: The Needs Of Children And Families In Western Australia, Leanne Monterosso, Linda Kristjanson, Marianne Phillips, Sue Rowell
Research outputs pre 2011
Palliative care is the relief of symptoms, regardless of their impact on the underlying disease process. The philosophical underpinning of current international paediatric palliative and supportive care models is that palliative and supportive care should be offered to all children with life threatening or chronic illnesses/disabilities with complex care needs. This approach allows the integration of cure-directed treatment and palliative care. allowing children to benefit from both philosophies of care. In Australia, there is increasing recognition of the need for the development of appropriate paediatric palliative care services, especially in Western Australia where supportive care services for children with life-limiting …
A Comparison Between Conventional And Holistic Exercise Interventions On Physiological Function In The Elderly, Gavin R. Mccormack
A Comparison Between Conventional And Holistic Exercise Interventions On Physiological Function In The Elderly, Gavin R. Mccormack
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Aging is characterised by a decline in physiological function. The rate of this decline can depend on certain lifestyle factors, genetics, and the environment. Although life expectancy is slowly increasing, there is a need to reduce the time spent in debilitated, and non-independent states by elderly individuals. Preventive measures need to be implemented to reduce dependency and improve the quality of life for elderly individuals. One such preventive and remedial measure is the use of exercise and physical activity. Because limited exercise prescription exists for the elderly population, there is a need to determine the effectiveness of exercise interventions that …
Clarifying The Lower Incidence Of Birth Defects In The Midwest Of Western Australia : A Study Using Capture Re-Capture Methodology, Donna Baker
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
In April 2000 the Western Australian Birth Defects Registry held its 20th Anniversary Scientific Symposium to signify the first 20 years of the Birth Defects Registry in Western Australia. At the Symposium, significant trends and occurrences in birth defects within Western Australia over the past 20 years were addressed. One factor highlighted in the Registry's 1980-1999 report was that birth defects were reported less frequently in rural regions compared with metropolitan areas. Data collected from the metropolitan area is considered by the Birth Defects Registry to be the most accurate. Therefore, incidence rates of birth defects in this area arc …
Fall Risk Assessment : A Prospective Investigation Of Nurses' Clinical Judgement And Risk Assessment Tools In Predicting Patient Falls In An Acute Care Setting, Helen Myers
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Falls are a significant problem in acute care, hospital settings, and can have serious consequences, especially for older patients. Fall prevention has therefore been recognised as an important area for research and intervention. In order to target interventions and use resources effectively, a major strategy of many fall prevention programmes has been the development and/or use of risk assessment tools to identify patients who are at high risk of falling. Although many tools have been developed, few have been rigorously tested, and there is currently no evidence to support the clinical utility of fall risk assessment tools. There is a …
Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin
Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin
Theses : Honours
What can women's narratives contribute to our understanding of breast cancer and to feminist theories of the body? This thesis explores the meanings women construct to make sense of embodied experiences of breast cancer, and the profound experience of breast loss. Rich contextual data was elicited from in depth, guided conversations with five premenopausal women who have undergone mastectomy. Adopting feminist methodology, biographic-narrative was used to place the body at the heart of inquiry. This thesis explores the personal and theoretical meanings of mastectomy, embedded in the larger story of how these five women experience their breasts, throughout their lives. …
Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma And Leptin Receptor In Human Pregnancy, Gwyneth H. Gladstones
Placental Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma And Leptin Receptor In Human Pregnancy, Gwyneth H. Gladstones
Theses : Honours
Leptin is a 16kDa peptide hormone that has recently been implicated in human reproductive processes. Like other hormones, leptin exerts its influence through its receptor. Of the three major isoforms of the receptor (OB-Ra, OB-Rb, and 0B-Re), OB-Ra (the dominant short form) has been implicated in transport processes within rat and human placentas, suggesting a role for it in implantation and pregnancy maintenance. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors that are a subfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. PPARs form heterodimers with another nuclear hormone receptor, RXRα, before binding to PPAR response elements (PPREs). Recently PPARϒ/RXRα heterodimers have …
General Practitioners' Attitudes To Palliative Care : A Regional Perspective, Richelle Lee-Steere
General Practitioners' Attitudes To Palliative Care : A Regional Perspective, Richelle Lee-Steere
Theses : Honours
The study explores regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care through semi- structured interviewing using a qualitative methodology. Attitudes to palliative care were examined using the general practitioners' accounts of their experiences and perceptions of caring for terminally ill patients. The participants were ten registered general practitioners located within the Greater Sunbury Division of General Practice in the South West of Western Australia. A semi-structured interview schedule containing ten open-ended questions was used to assess regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care. Examples of the research questions included: What are regional general practitioners' attitudes to palliative care? What supports are …
Developing And Testing A Pain Management Program For Family Caregivers Of Advanced Cancer Patients, Lynn Oldham
Developing And Testing A Pain Management Program For Family Caregivers Of Advanced Cancer Patients, Lynn Oldham
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Increasingly, advanced cancer patients are receiving care in the community supported by families and hospice home care services. However, little or no preparation is provided to family caregivers who assume this supportive role, often 24 hours per day. Pain management is consistently identified by family caregivers as their primary concern related to care and support of a relative with cancer. This project involved a three-phase program of research to develop and test a pain management program (PMP) that would provide family caregivers of advanced cancer patients with information and skills to manage the patient's pain.
What Is The Relationship Between Activity, Social Support And Health-Related Quality Of Life In People Who Are Sixty Years Of Age And Older?, Jaqueline Ebbott
What Is The Relationship Between Activity, Social Support And Health-Related Quality Of Life In People Who Are Sixty Years Of Age And Older?, Jaqueline Ebbott
Theses : Honours
Over one third of individuals aged sixty years and older have health conditions which limit their ability to live an independent and active life. With the older Australian population increasing, the prevention of functional decline and preservation of wellbeing in this age group has become a major clinical focus in gerontology research. Therefore an important goal of health professionals is to identify behavioural factors which encourage wellbeing and quality of life in this age group. The purpose of the present study was to explore the importance of physical activity passive activity (activities such as craft, reading and board games) and …
Attitudes, Practices And Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Greek Women In The Area Of Perth, Panagiota Karnaki
Attitudes, Practices And Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Greek Women In The Area Of Perth, Panagiota Karnaki
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The purpose of this thesis is to study the attitudes, practices and knowledge of Greek women in Perth, Western Australia, regarding cervical cancer screening. This is important because no study has yet examined the cervical screening pattern of this group, despite their low participation rate in screening programs. Qualitative semi-structured interviews among 15 Greek women in Perth were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted both in English and Greek. Eight out of the 15 women interviewed did not participate in frequent screening and many had had only one Pap test in their life. Culture and religion influenced negative attitudes …
The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People, Geoff Mccann
The Use Of The Cognitive Status Examination In Detecting Cognitive Impairment In Elderly People, Geoff Mccann
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Dementia is a growing social problem in Australia because as the population ages, the incidence of dementia increases. While the prevalence rates are only about I% at age 65, they double every five years until by 85 years of age the rate is over 24%. It is expected that by the year 2030, the number of elderly people with dementia will increase by 200%. Dementia is easily recognized in its advanced stages but can be overlooked in the early phase. Family members, care-givers and even the treating medical practitioner may mistakenly attribute the early decline in mental function to the …
A Qualitative Study Of The Impact Of Hip Fracture In The Elderly Population, Stephanie Anne Price
A Qualitative Study Of The Impact Of Hip Fracture In The Elderly Population, Stephanie Anne Price
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The social, emotional and economic impact of falling in the elderly population is significant. Falls are the leading cause of injury related deaths and hospitalisation amongst people aged 65 years and older, a major factor in their morbidity and mortality rates. Post fall sequelae can have major ramifications that include reduction or avoidance of activities, attributable to an enduring fear of future falls. Twenty-three older people who had fallen in the community were located via hospital records and invited to participate in the study. Subjective accounts of the impact of falling and sustaining a hip fracture were obtained by means …
Investigation Of The Contractile And Regulatory Proteins In Malignant Hyperthermia And Normal Skeletal Muscle, Louise C. Norbury
Investigation Of The Contractile And Regulatory Proteins In Malignant Hyperthermia And Normal Skeletal Muscle, Louise C. Norbury
Theses : Honours
Malignant hyperthermia/hyperpyrexia (MH) is a serious human skeletal muscle disorder that manifests itself during general anaesthesia. Currently, the most reliable method of diagnosing this disease is the in-vitro contracture test (IVCT). This procedure is both highly invasive for the patient and expensive to perform. The skinned muscle fibre technique is less invasive, and could possibly be used as an alternative diagnostic test for MH. In this study, skeletal muscle samples were obtained from B adults (age 23-54 years) undergoing elective surgery at Royal Perth Hospital. Six patients were diagnosed as normal (controls) and two equivocal for MH (MHE). Using the …
Factors Which Influence Women's Decisions For Choice Of Primary Surgery For Stage I And Stage Ii Breast Cancer, Barbara Mastaglia
Factors Which Influence Women's Decisions For Choice Of Primary Surgery For Stage I And Stage Ii Breast Cancer, Barbara Mastaglia
Theses : Honours
A descriptive correlational study was conducted to describe the factors that Western Australian women with either Stage I or Stage II Breast Cancer, perceived to be important considerations when deciding upon either Modified Radical Mastectomy (MRM) or Breast Conserving Treatment (BCT) for surgical treatment. The Conflict Theory of Decision Making (Janis & Mann, 1977) was used as the theoretical framework to guide this study. Ward, Heidrich and Wolberg's (1989) Factor List, the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC) Scale (Wallston, Wallston & De Vellis, 1978) and a demographic questionnaire were used to measure variables. Questionnaires were mailed to a consecutive …
Eye Health Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People: Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Reviews: Number 1, Neil Thomson, Beverley Paterson
Eye Health Of Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander People: Aboriginal And Torres Strait Islander Health Reviews: Number 1, Neil Thomson, Beverley Paterson
Research outputs pre 2011
As with many other aspects of health status, it is most probable that prior to the European settlement of Australia in 1788 the eye health of Australian Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders was excellent. In fact. their eye health was almost certainly better than that of Europeans of the time. There are no definite data from early post-settlement times, but this conclusion appears reasonable from the results of a number of thorough surveys conducted as late as the 1940s and 1950s ( 1-4) Despite finding some severe preventable problems, particularly trachoma (a form of infective conjunctivitis - see Appendix l …
An Investigation Of A Theoretical Model Of Willingness To Donate Blood, Douglas Adam
An Investigation Of A Theoretical Model Of Willingness To Donate Blood, Douglas Adam
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The Australian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service (ARCBTS) in Western Australian faces a major problem with periodic shortages of blood components. These shortages are expected to become more frequent and severe as demand continues to increase at a faster rate than supply. Given that only five percent of the population is registered as blood donors, clearly, the challenge for the ARCBTS is to encourage more people to become regular blood donors. The current study was undertaken to assist the ARCBTS in achieving this goal, by identifying and investigating the factors that influence people's willingness to donate blood. Based on the …
Health Educational Needs Of Middle Aged Men, Beth L. Hall
Health Educational Needs Of Middle Aged Men, Beth L. Hall
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The purpose of this non-experimental, quantitative descriptive study was to identify the holistic health educational needs of middle aged men and to consider nursing interventions. Between the ages of forty to sixty years, physical illness can coincide with a cluster of social changes as well as the normal developmental mid-life review. This can result in a prolonged period of physical and emotional stress (Berger, 1994). Mortality statistics demonstrate that, in comparison to women, men in the 25 to 64 age group have higher rates of suicide, motor vehicle accidents, work place injuries, ischaemic heart disease, non gender specific cancers, and …
Locus Of Control And Self-Directed Learning As Predictors Of Well-Being In The Elderly, Deborah Gardner
Locus Of Control And Self-Directed Learning As Predictors Of Well-Being In The Elderly, Deborah Gardner
Theses : Honours
Elderly people who remain mentally and physically active are more likely to be happy than those who do not (George, 1980; Toscland & Sykes, I 977). Demographic factors have usually accounted for only a small amount of the variance in well-being (Diener, 1984 ). Internal control, personal growth and direction in life might have more to do with well-being than demographic or personality factors (Ryff, 1995). This study examined the theoretical relationship between locus of control and self-directed learning readiness in the elderly and the predictability of self reported well-being from an internal locus of control and a self-directed learning …
What Is The Intimate Experience Of Couples Following The Woman's Cancer-Related Breast Surgery?, Lynne Amor
What Is The Intimate Experience Of Couples Following The Woman's Cancer-Related Breast Surgery?, Lynne Amor
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe and interpret the experience of couples following the woman's surgery for breast cancer, in order to gain an in depth understanding of how this mutilating surgery affects their everyday lives. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Australian women, and in most industrialised nations. Women in Australia have a one in fourteen lifetime risk of developing the disease. Little is known concerning what meanings this surgery brings to the intimacy experienced between partners. It is important to seek knowledge of the phenomenon of intimacy, how the couples understand …
The Lived Experience Of The Aged Care Nurse, Christine Martin
The Lived Experience Of The Aged Care Nurse, Christine Martin
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and interpret the common, shared meanings of the experience of aged care nursing from the perspective of the registered nurse working in a nursing home. There are insufficient registered nurses being attracted into aged care, with resulting difficulties in maintaining regular staffing levels in nursing homes. Previous studies conducted in Australia have predominantly used quantitative research methods to investigate various influences QD the recruitment and retention of aged care nurses. These studies do not take into account the practitioners' perceptions of their experience of aged care nursing. A purposive sample of …
Nutritional Problems And Information Needs Of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy And Radiation Therapy, Margaret Joan Robinson
Nutritional Problems And Information Needs Of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy And Radiation Therapy, Margaret Joan Robinson
Theses : Honours
Nutritional status is a major factor in determining the successful outcome of treatment for cancer. The combined effect of cancer, and the treatment for cancer, has the potential to severely impair nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence and severity of treatment-related side-effects which affect nutritional status in cancer patients and to determine the sources and helpfulness of information about nutrition which had been utilised by patients. A descriptive study was used to investigate two groups of patients, one group who was receiving chemotherapy, and the other, radiation therapy. A questionnaire developed by the researcher …
The Role Of Social Support Networks In The Independent Functioning Of Elderly Persons, Maree Gabbedy
The Role Of Social Support Networks In The Independent Functioning Of Elderly Persons, Maree Gabbedy
Theses : Honours
There is conclusive evidence which highlights the importance of physical and mental health in the ability of elderly persons to function within society, and elderly persons who require services to maintain their independence, are assumed to have lower levels of functioning than persons who do not apply for, or require assistance. Individuals, however, are rarely totally independent, as most people are involved in social networks, where the reciprocal exchange of money, emotional support, goods and services are exchanged with friends family and neighbours. This study, examined the role of social support networks in the independent functioning of the elderly, in …
A Phenomenological Study Of Infertility : The Couple's Perspective, M. Imeson
A Phenomenological Study Of Infertility : The Couple's Perspective, M. Imeson
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe and interpret the experience of infertility from the perspective of infertile couples, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of how it affects their lives. Ten to twenty per cent of the global population share the experience of infertility, however, little is known of their experiences and perceptions related to infertility. Literature to date mainly focuses on the physiological effects of infertility and does not take into account the context in which the experience takes place, or the meanings that people assign to this experience. To be effective, health carers need …