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Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 02, February 2003, Sunni Hosemann, Dawn Chalaire, Michael J. Miller Md, Facs

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Tissue Engineering: Several Avenues of Research Lead Toward a Single Goal
• Researchers Design a Unique Stereotactic Radiotherapy and Radiosurgery System to Treat Patients with Paraspinal Metastases
• House Call: Women and Lung Cancer: News You Can Use
• DiaLog: Applying Tissue Engineering Techniques in the Clinic and the Laboratory, by Michael J. Miller, MD, FACS, Professor, Department of Plastic Surgery

Synergistic Interactions Of Chlorambucil, Dha, And Trail In Jurkat And H460 Human Cancer Cells, Jennifer Ellen Bush-O'Donnell

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Traditional chemotherapeutic drugs are prone to toxicity and may result in secondary cancers. In recent years much attention has been garnered by alternate methods of cancer treatment with fewer side effects, including immunotherapy and administration of ω-3 fatty acids, both of which have been shown to cause apoptosis in cancer cells. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a fatty acid, is a normal component of cell membranes and is safe for systemic administration. The cytokine TRAIL (tumor necrosis factorrelated apoptosis-inducing ligand) is able to induce apoptosis in cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. In this study, the alkylating agent chlorambucil (CLB) was combined …

Lupus Anticoagulunt Associated With Transient Severe Factor X Deficiency: A Report Of Two Patients Presenting With Major Bleeding Complications, Aneel A. Ashrani, Agnes Aysola, Hani Al-Khatib Md, William L. Nichols

Articles

Abstract

Acquired factor X (FX) deficiency is rare, but has been reported in diverse disease states, including systemic amyloidosis and respiratory infections. FX deficiency associated with lupus anticoagulant (LA) and a bleeding diathesis has not been previously reported. We report two patients both of whom presented with a severe bleeding diathesis after a preceding respiratory infection due to isolated FX deficiency associated with a LA. The FX deficiency and LA were transient. We conclude that patients with LA may rarely present with severe acquired FX deficiency. This may be another mechanism whereby patients with antiphospholipid antibodies present with bleeding complications.

The Effect Of Mirthful Laughter On Stress And Natural Killer Cell Activity, Mary P. Bennett, Janice M. Zeller, Lisa Rosenberg, Judith Mccann

Nursing Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Intra-And Inter-Fraction Motion In Breast Radiotherapy Using Electronic Portal Imaging Cine Loops, Chrison Lee, Edward Yu, Tomas Kron

Oncology Presentations

Parallel tangent breast irradiation is commonly used postbreast conservation surgery for early breast cancer patient without lymph node involvement to improve local disease control. Intra-fractional and inter-fractional variabilities are often presented in daily treatment setup. The present pilot study used Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) to evaluate intra-and inter-fraction motion in patients undergoing simple breast tangent radiotherapy.

Susceptibility Scoring In Family-Based Association Testing, Laila M. Poisson, Benjamin A. Rybicki, Steven W. Coon, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Gary A. Chase

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Family-based association testing is an important part of genetic epidemiology. Tests are available to include multiple siblings, unaffected offspring, and to adjust for environmental covariates. We explore a susceptibility residual method of adjustment for covariates.

Results

Through simulation, we show that environmental adjustments that down-weight persons who are "destined" to be affected decrease the power to detect genetic association. We used the residual adjusted method on the Framingham Heart Study offspring data, provided for Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, and got mixed results.

Conclusion

When the genetic effect and environmental effects are independent, a susceptibility residual method of adjustment …

Analysis Of Gene × Environment Interactions In Sibships Using Mixed Models, Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan, Laila M. Poisson, Steven W. Coon, Gary A. Chase, Benjamin A. Rybicki

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

Gene × environment models are widely used to assess genetic and environmental risks and their association with a phenotype of interest for many complex diseases. Mixed generalized linear models were used to assess gene × environment interactions with respect to systolic blood pressure on sibships adjusting for repeated measures and hierarchical nesting structures. A data set containing 410 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study offspring cohort (part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13 data) was used for all analyses. Three mixed gene × environment models, all adjusting for repeated measurement and varying levels of nesting, were compared for …

The Role Of Ap-1 Transcription Complex In Retinoic Acid-Dependent B16 Melanoma Cell Growth Arrest And Differentiation, Ying Huang

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Our laboratory has been studying the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (atRA) on the growth and differentiation of the B16 mouse melanoma cells. RA inhibits both anchorage-dependent and –independent growth and stimulates melanin production in B16 cells, which are accompanied by an increase in AP-1 activity. To further investigate the RA-induced AP-1 activity, I established clones of B16 stably expressing an AP-1-luciferase reporter gene. Treatment of these clones with phorbol dibutyrate (PDB), a known activator of AP-1, rapidly increased AP-1 activity which reached its maximum level at 2-4 h and returned to baseline level by 24 h. In contrast, RA …

Selective Expression Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes In Gerbil Vestibular Sensory Epithelia And Neurons, Brian Perry, Heather Jensen Smith, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

The seven mammalian isotypes of beta tubulin are strikingly similar in amino acid sequence. The differences in isotypic sequence, although small, are nonetheless conserved in evolution, which suggests that they may confer distinct functional roles. If so, such roles should be reflected in the selective expression of isotypes by cell type, or even in the sorting of isotypes to within-cell pools. Hair cells of the vestibular sensory epithelia each possess a kinocilium, a microtubule-based organelle that could represent a distinct microtubule compartment, separate from the extensive microtubule network in the soma. The afferent neurons that innervate the vestibular sensory epithelia …

Cell Type-Specific Reduction Of Beta Tubulin Isotypes Synthesized In The Developing Gerbil Organ Of Corti, Heather Jensen Smith, Jonquille Eley, Peter S. Steyger, Richard F. Ludueña, Richard Hallworth

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

There are seven isotypic forms of the microtubule protein beta tubulin in mammals, but not all isotypes are synthesized in every cell type. In the adult organ of Corti, each of the five major cell types synthesizes a different subset of isotypes. Inner hair cells synthesize only betaI and betaII tubulin, while outer hair cells make betaI and betaIV tubulin. Only betaII and betaIV tubulin are found in inner and outer pillar cells, while betaI, betaII, and betaIV tubulin are present in Deiters cells, and betaI, betaII and betaIII tubulin are found in organ of Corti dendrites. During post-natal organ …

Storying The Body : Women's Narratives Through The Lens Of Breast Cancer, Janet A. Griffin

Theses : Honours

What can women's narratives contribute to our understanding of breast cancer and to feminist theories of the body? This thesis explores the meanings women construct to make sense of embodied experiences of breast cancer, and the profound experience of breast loss. Rich contextual data was elicited from in depth, guided conversations with five premenopausal women who have undergone mastectomy. Adopting feminist methodology, biographic-narrative was used to place the body at the heart of inquiry. This thesis explores the personal and theoretical meanings of mastectomy, embedded in the larger story of how these five women experience their breasts, throughout their lives. …

Oncolog, Volume 48, Number 01, January 2003, David Galloway, Stephanie Deming, Heather Russell

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Putting an End to the Waiting: Diagnosis Clinic Finds Answers for Patients When Cancer Is Suspected
• The Center for Research on Minority Health: Working with the Community to End Health Disparities
• Collaboration Between M. D. Anderson, University of Puerto Rico to Address Cancer in Minority Populations
• House Call: Diagnostic Imaging Tests: How They Work and What to Expect

Prostate Cancer: Some Clinical And Scientific Dilemmas., Paul D. Abel, El-Nasir Lalani

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

No abstract provided.

Prenatal Chromosomal Diversification Of Leukemia In Monozygotic Twins, Helena Kempski, Karen A. Mensa- Bonsu, Lyndal Kearney, G. Reza Jalali, Ian Hann, Mohammad Khurshid, Mel Greaves

Section of Haematology/Oncology

Previous studies on concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in identical twins have identified the leukemia as monoclonal with MLL or ETV6-RUNX1 gene fusion as early or initiating events in utero. In the latter case, postnatal latency is associated with secondary genetic events such as ETV6 deletion. We describe here a pair of infant twins with concordant acute monoblastic leukemia (AML). They are a unique pair in that their leukemia blasts display extensive intraclonal chromosomal diversity. Comparison of the leukemic cells between the two twins by karyotype and fluorescence in situ hybridization identifies a common or shared stem line …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 12, December 2002, Dawn Chalaire, Karen Stuyck, Raymond Sawaya Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Advances in Imaging Lead to More Targeted Radiation Treatments
• Imaging Techniques Follow the Movements of Tumors During and Between Radiation Treatments
• Evolution of Conformal Radiation Therapy Continues: IMRT Called 'the Next Level of Conformality'
• DiaLog: The Caregiver: An Unsung Hero, by Raymond Sawaya, MD, Professor and Chair, Department of Neurosurgery
• Support Groups, Classes Teach Caregivers How to Care for Patients and Themselves

Cancer Patterns In Quetta (1998-1999), Yasmin Bhurgri, Hadi Bhurgri, A. Ajam, Shahid Pervez, S. H. Hasan, A. Usman, J. A. Khan, Q. Kasi, I. Kasi, A. G. Rasool, A. Bhurgri, N. Faridi, J. Malik

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Quetta, the capital of Baluchistan, is located at latitude 30,25; longitude 67.00. It has a population of 759,245; 425,474 males (56%) and 333,771 females (44%); Census 1998. The majority of residents are Persian or Baluchi speaking Baluchs.

Methodology: The cancer cases from Quetta reported to the Karachi Cancer Registry were reviewed. The data included cases from the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Pathology Department (Quetta collection point) and health care facilities in Karachi. The residents of Baluchistan were ascertained and cancer cases residents of Quetta identified with the help of recorded addresses and retraceable telephone numbers.

Results: During a …

Implementation Of Gy-Eq For Deterministic Effects Limitation In Shield Design, John W. Wilson, Myung-Hee Y. Kim, Giovanni De Angelis, Francis A. Cucinotta, Nobuaki Yoshizawa, Francis F. Badavi

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

The NCRP has recently defined RBE values and a new quantity (Gy-Eq) for use in estimation of deterministic effects in space shielding and operations. The NCRP's RBE for neutrons is left ambiguous and not fully defined. In the present report we will suggest a complete definition of neutron RBE consistent with the NCRP recommendations and evaluate attenuation properties of deterministic effects (Gy-Eq) in comparison with other dosimetric quantities.

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 11, November 2002, Mariann Crapanzano, Kerry L. Wright, Frank A. Morello Jr. Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Diagnosis Based on Nonsurgical Biopsy: A Cooperative Effort
• Benign Care: Young Patients with a Variety of Noncancerous Conditions Find Treatment at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
• Cognitive Interventions Are Crucial for Many Patients with Neurofibromatosis
• FNA Clinic Streamlines Biopsy Diagnosis of Palpable Lesions
• "Is This Going to Hurt?", by Frank A. Morello Jr., MD, Assistant Professor, Section of Vascular and Interventional Radiology
• House Call: Answers to Common Questions about the Use of Radioisotopes for Diagnosis

Electric Field Enhanced Plasmid Delivery To Liver Hepatocellular Carcinomas, Richard Gilbert, Mark J. Jaroszeski, Loree Heller, Richard Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Electric field enhanced molecular delivery for cancer research and treatment is a new technology that has demonstrated its effectiveness in clinical trials using bleomycin or cisplatin (Heller, R., Gilbert, R., Jaroszeski, M. J. Clinical applications of electrochemotherapy, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 35,119-129, 1999), as chemotherapeutic agents. The technology is being investigated in research applications for applicability as a method to enhance gene expression in a target tumor. Success is predicated on an appropriate effective electric field mediated delivery protocol that triggers significant appropriate gene expression duration and levels. An electric field mediated delivery protocol includes a set of conditions …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 10, October 2002, Sunni Hosemann, Mariann Crapanzano, Stephen P. Tomasovic Phd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• A Natural Progression: M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Promotes the Study and Integration of Complementary Therapies
• New AJCC Staging System for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Reflects Patient Prognosis After Surgical Resection
• DiaLog: Complementary Medicine: Research, Education, and Communication, by Stephen P. Tomasovic, PhD, Professor of Molecular and Cellular Oncology and Vice President for Educational Programs
• House Call: Making the Cancer Journey Easier

Electrically Mediated Delivery Of Vector Plasmid Dna Elicits An Antitumor Effect, L. Heller, D. Coppola

Bioelectrics Publications

In vivo electroporation is an efficient means of increasing plasmid DNA delivery to normal tissues, such as skin and muscle, as well as directly to tumors. In the experiments described here, plasmid DNA was delivered by in vivo electroporation to B16 mouse melanomas using two very different pulsing protocols. Reporter expression increased 21- or 42-fold, respectively with electroporation over injection alone. The growth of experimental melanomas with an approximate diameter of 4 mm on the day of treatment was monitored after electroporation delivery of reporter plasmid DNA. Remarkably, short-term complete regressions using one of these pulsing protocols occurred in up …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 09, September 2002, Kerry L. Wright, Dawn Chalaire, Karyn Hede, Martin L. Smith Std, Anne J. Flamm Jd

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Is Hormone Replacement Therapy an Option for Women with a History of Breast Cancer?
• Breast Cancer Survivor Devotes Life to Helping Those at High Risk for Hereditary Cancers
• "I Have Something to Tell You." Counselors Support Family Communication about Genetic Susceptibility to Cancer
• DiaLog: Bigger than a Blood Test: Ethical Cautions about Genetic Testing, by Martin L. Smith, STD, and Anne J. Flamm, JD
• House Call: Just a Phase: Understanding Clinical Trials
• Discovery Sheds Light on How Breast Cancer Cells Progress to More Aggressive Forms

Transitional Cell Carcinomas Of The Urinary Bladder. A Histopathological Study, Z. Ahmed, S. Muzaffer, M. Khan, N. Kayani, Shahid Pervez, A. S. Husseini, S H. Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective:

To determine the histological grading and muscle invasion in Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder; and to evaluate whether any correlation exists between tumour grade and muscle invasion.

Method:

A Retrospective study of all consecutive cases of Transitional Cell Carcinomas of the Urinary Bladder diagnosed at Aga Khan University Hospital between 1st Jan 1997 and 31st Dec 2000.

Results:

This study included 495 cases of Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder. M: F ratio was 4:1. Ages of patients ranged from 30 years to 87 years. Mean age in males was 59.1 years and in females 58.8 …

Regulation Of Retinoic Acid Receptor Α By Protein Kinase C In B16 Mouse Melanoma Cells, Goran Boskovic, Dinakar Desai, Richard M. Niles

Biochemistry and Microbiology

We have previously found that retinoic acid stimulates the expression of protein kinase Cα (PKC) in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Because it has been reported that PKC can phosphorylate retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and alter its function, we determined whether changes in the level and/or activity of PKC could affect the expression or function of the RAR in B16 melanoma. Using in vivophosphorylation and band shift techniques, we could not demonstrate that altering PKC activity and/or protein level changed thein vivo phosphorylation of RARα. However activation of PKC resulted in increased RARα protein. Increased receptor protein correlated with …

Role Of Lipid Peroxidation And Antioxidant Enzymes In Omega 3 Fatty Acids Induced Suppression Of Breast Cancer Xenograft Growth In Mice, W. Elaine Hardman, Jesus Munoz Jr., Ivan L. Cameron

Biochemistry and Microbiology

Background:

Supplementing mice with high levels of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increases the n-3 PUFAs in cell membranes, increases the susceptibility of the cells for lipid peroxidation (LPO) and decreases the growth rate of mammary and other tumors. However, the results of an earlier study indicated that a factor in addition to LPO was involved in the reduction in tumor growth in n-3 PUFAs fed mice. Athymic mice bearing MDA-MB-231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, were fed fish oil concentrate (FOC) or control diets, with and without supplemental Vitamin E (2000 IU /kg diet) and were sacrificed both before …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 07-08, July-August 2002, Don Norwood, Sunni Hosemann, Martin N. Raber Md

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• New Agents and Strategies Help Oncologists Balance Benefits and Risks of Chemotherapy
• House Call: Exercise Improves Quality of Life for Patients with Cancer
• Intravenous Administration of Busulfan Reveals a Therapeutic Window
• Studies Look for Better Ways to Treat Infections in Patients with Cancer
• DiaLog: Why Refer Patients to a Major Cancer Center?, by Martin N. Raber, MD, Professor of Medicine
• Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Effective Therapies Are Keys to Controlling Infections in Patients with Cancer

Effect Of Electrically Mediated Intratumor And Intramuscular Delivery Of A Plasmid Encoding Ifn Α On Visible B16 Mouse Melanomas, Loree C. Heller, Stephanie F. Ingram, M. Lee Lucas, Richard A. Gilbert, Richard Heller

Bioelectrics Publications

Interferon α may be used as a single agent therapy for metastatic malignant melanoma or as an adjuvant to chemotherapy. Delivery of interferon α by gene therapy offers an alternative to recombinant protein therapy. Electrically mediated delivery enhances plasmid expression in a number of tissues, for instance skin, liver, muscle and tumors including melanomas. Here we compare the effect of delivery of a plasmid encoding mouse interferon α on growth of visible B16 mouse melanomas following electrically mediated delivery to muscle or directly to the tumor. Intratumoral delivery of interferon α plasmid not only slows melanoma growth, but induces complete, …

Modular Machine Learning Methods For Computer-Aided Diagnosis Of Breast Cancer, Mia Kathleen Markey '94

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to improve breast cancer diagnosis by reducing the number of benign biopsies performed. To this end, we investigated modular and ensemble systems of machine learning methods for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of breast cancer. A modular system partitions the input space into smaller domains, each of which is handled by a local model. An ensemble system uses multiple models for the same cases and combines the models' predictions.

Five supervised machine learning techniques (LDA, SVM, BP-ANN, CBR, CART) were trained to predict the biopsy outcome from mammographic findings (BIRADS™) and patient age based on a …

Oncolog, Volume 47, Number 06, June 2002, Kate O'Suilleabhain, Dawn Chalaire, Shellie M. Scott Bs

OncoLog MD Anderson's Report to Physicians (All issues) Archives

• Drug Development Program Paves the Way for FDA Approval of New Agents
• Pediatric New Agents Working Group Advances the Study of Novel Treatments in Young Patients
• DiaLog: Patients and Physicians: Partners in Health Care, by Shellie M. Scott, BS, Physician Assistant, Department of Urology
• House Call: Taking a More Active Role in Your Own Health Care
• As Population of Cancer Survivors Grows, Studies of Long-Term Health Effects Become More Critical, Researchers Say

Cancer Patterns In Karachi Division (1998-1999), Y. Bhurgri, S. Naseeruddin, S. A. H. Zaidi, A. Bhurgri, Z. A. Zaidi, S. H. Hasan, A. Usman, N. Faridi, K. Z. Hashmi, H. Ahsan, J. Malik, M. Khurshid, Shahid Pervez, Naila Kayani, S. M. H. Zaidi, I. Bashir, Z. Isani, F. Sethna, S. M. Aiam

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: A minimal cancer incidence data for Karachi, the largest city of Pakistan, is being presented here, for the years 1998-1999. The city has a population of 9,802,134; males 5,261,712 (52.6%) and females 4,540,422 (47.4%); census 19981.

Methodology: A predominantly mixed (passive and active) registration system has evolved in Karachi, the data sources being the hospitals within the Karachi Division. The reported/retrieved cancer data sets at the Karachi Cancer Registry are checked, coded, computerised in an analytical format and analysed.

Results: The incident cancer cases registered in Karachi, during the 2-year period, 1st January 1998 to 31st December 1999 were …