Medical Specialties Commons^™

Effects Of Neonatal Nutrition Interventions On Neonatal Mortality And Child Health And Development Outcomes: A Systematic Review, Aamer Imdad, Faseeha Rehman, Evans Davis, Deepika Ranjit, Gamael S. S. Surin, Suzanna L. Attia, Sarah Lawler, Abigail A. Smith, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background
The last two decades have seen a significant decrease in mortality for children < 5 years of age in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs); however, neonatal (age, 0–28 days) mortality has not decreased at the same rate. We assessed three neonatal nutritional interventions that have the potential of reducing morbidity and mortality during infancy in LMICs.

Objectives
To determine the efficacy and effectiveness of synthetic vitamin A, dextrose oral gel, and probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period.

Search Methods
We conducted electronic searches for relevant studies on the following databases: PubMed, CINAHL, LILACS, SCOPUS, and CENTRAL, Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials, up to November 27, 2019.

Selection Criteria
We aimed to include randomized and quasi‐experimental studies. The target population was neonates in LMICs. The interventions included synthetic vitamin A supplementation, oral dextrose gel supplementation, and probiotic supplementation during the neonatal period. …

Apolipoprotein E Genotype-Dependent Nutrigenetic Effects To Prebiotic Inulin For Modulating Systemic Metabolism And Neuroprotection In Mice Via Gut-Brain Axis, Lucille M. Yanckello, Jared D. Hoffman, Ya-Hsuan Chang, Penghui Lin, Geetika Nehra, George Chlipala, Scott D. Mcculloch, Tyler C. Hammond, Andrew T. Yackzan, Andrew N. Lane, Stefan J. Green, Anika M. S. Hartz, Ai-Ling Lin

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVE: The goal of the study was to identify the potential nutrigenetic effects to inulin, a prebiotic fiber, in mice with different human apolipoprotein E (APOE) genetic variants. Specifically, we compared responses to inulin for the potential modulation of the systemic metabolism and neuroprotection via gut-brain axis in mice with human APOE ϵ3 and ϵ4 alleles.

METHOD: We performed experiments with young mice expressing the human APOE3 (E3FAD mice and APOE4 gene (E4FAD mice). We fed mice with either inulin or control diet for 16 weeks starting from 3 months of age. We determined gut microbiome …

Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analysis Identifies Pleiotropic Risk Loci For Aerodigestive Squamous Cell Cancers, Corina Lesseur, Aida Ferreiro-Iglesias, James D. Mckay, Yohan Bossé, Mattias Johansson, Valerie Gaborieau, Maria Teresa Landi, David C. Christiani, Neil C. Caporaso, Stig E. Bojesen, Christopher I. Amos, Sanjay Shete, Geoffrey Liu, Gadi Rennert, Demetrius Albanes, Melinda C. Aldrich, Adonina Tardon, Chu Chen, Liloglou Triantafillos, John K. Field, Susanne Arnold

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Squamous cell carcinomas (SqCC) of the aerodigestive tract have similar etiological risk factors. Although genetic risk variants for individual cancers have been identified, an agnostic, genome-wide search for shared genetic susceptibility has not been performed. To identify novel and pleotropic SqCC risk variants, we performed a meta-analysis of GWAS data on lung SqCC (LuSqCC), oro/pharyngeal SqCC (OSqCC), laryngeal SqCC (LaSqCC) and esophageal SqCC (ESqCC) cancers, totaling 13,887 cases and 61,961 controls of European ancestry. We identified one novel genome-wide significant (P_meta< 5x10^-8) aerodigestive SqCC susceptibility loci in the 2q33.1 region (rs56321285, TMEM273). Additionally, three previously unknown …

Presence Of Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (Adcc) Against Sars-Cov-2 In Covid-19 Plasma, For Yue Tso, Salum J. Lidenge, Lisa K. Poppe, Phoebe B. Pena, Sara R. Privatt, Sydney J. Bennett, John R. Ngowi, Julius Mwaiselage, Michael Belshan, Jacob A. Siedlik, Morgan A. Raine, Juan B. Ochoa, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Bobby Nossaman, Lyndsey Buckner, W Mark Roberts, Matthew J. Dean, Augusto C. Ochoa, John T. West, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 via effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which we sought to explore here. Methods Plasma of 3 uninfected controls and 20 subjects exposed to, or recovering from, SARS CoV-2 infection were collected from U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2 specific …

Association Of Blood Pressure Variability And Diuretics With Cardiovascular Events In Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stages 1-5, L Parker Gregg, S Susan Hedayati, Hui Yang, Peter N Van Buren, Subhash Banerjee, Sankar D Navaneethan, Salim S Virani, Wolfgang C Winkelmayer, Carlos A Alvarez

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with cardiovascular events in the general population. Data are scarce in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We hypothesized that BPV would be associated with cardiovascular outcomes, death, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and that diuretics would modify these associations in patients with CKD.

We studied U.S. Veterans with non-dialysis CKD stages 1-5 and hypertension on non-diuretic antihypertensive monotherapy. At the time of second antihypertensive agent prescription, we propensity-matched for exposure to a loop or thiazide diuretic vs. any other antihypertensive. BPV was defined as the coefficient of variation of systolic blood pressure over …

Deconstructing Patriarchy In The Healing Arts, Rebekah Harbour

Journal of Transformative Touch

Sometimes we perpetuate the very systems we want to change because it's the only way we know. Making a change in the outer world can require a shift in our inner perspective.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Induced Acute Aortic Occlusion: A Case Report, Artem Minalyan, Franklin L. Thelmo, Vincent Chan, Stephanie Tzarnas, Faizan Ahmed

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can lead to a constellation of viral and immune symptoms called coronavirus disease 2019. Emerging literature increasingly supports the premise that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 promotes a prothrombotic milieu. However, to date there have been no reports of acute aortic occlusion, itself a rare phenomenon. We report a case of fatal acute aortic occlusion in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019.

Case report: A 59-year-old Caucasian male with past medical history of peripheral vascular disease presented to the emergency department for evaluation of shortness of breath, fevers, and dry cough. …

Glucagon Blockade Restores Functional Β-Cell Mass In Type 1 Diabetic Mice And Enhances Function Of Human Islets, May-Yun Wang, E Danielle Dean, Ezekiel Quittner-Strom, Yi Zhu, Kamrul H Chowdhury, Zhuzhen Zhang, Shangang Zhao, Na Li, Reshing Ye, Young Lee, Yiyi Zhang, Shiuhwei Chen, Xinxin Yu, Derek C Leonard, Greg Poffenberger, Alison Von Deylen, S Kay Mccorkle, Amnon Schlegel, Kyle W Sloop, Alexander M Efanov, Ruth E Gimeno, Philipp E Scherer, Alvin C Powers, Roger H Unger, William L Holland

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We evaluated the potential for a monoclonal antibody antagonist of the glucagon receptor (Ab-4) to maintain glucose homeostasis in type 1 diabetic rodents. We noted durable and sustained improvements in glycemia which persist long after treatment withdrawal. Ab-4 promoted β-cell survival and enhanced the recovery of insulin+ islet mass with concomitant increases in circulating insulin and C peptide. In PANIC-ATTAC mice, an inducible model of β-cell apoptosis which allows for robust assessment of β-cell regeneration following caspase-8–induced diabetes, Ab-4 drove a 6.7-fold increase in β-cell mass. Lineage tracing suggests that this restoration of functional insulin-producing cells was at least partially …

Discovery And Characterization Of Bromodomain 2-Specific Inhibitors Of Brdt, Zhifeng Yu, Angela F Ku, Justin L Anglin, Rajesh Sharma, Melek Nihan Ucisik, John C Faver, Feng Li, Pranavanand Nyshadham, Nicholas Simmons, Kiran L Sharma, Sureshbabu Nagarajan, Kevin Riehle, Gundeep Kaur, Banumathi Sankaran, Marta Storl-Desmond, Stephen S Palmer, Damian W Young, Choel Kim, Martin M Matzuk

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Bromodomain testis (BRDT), a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) subfamily that includes the cancer targets BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, is a validated contraceptive target. All BET subfamily members have two tandem bromodomains (BD1 and BD2). Knockout mice lacking BRDT-BD1 or both bromodomains are infertile. Treatment of mice with JQ1, a BET BD1/BD2 nonselective inhibitor with the highest affinity for BRD4, disrupts spermatogenesis and reduces sperm number and motility. To assess the contribution of each BRDT bromodomain, we screened our collection of DNA-encoded chemical libraries for BRDT-BD1 and BRDT-BD2 binders. High-enrichment hits were identified and resynthesized off-DNA and examined …

Temporal Changes In Inflammatory Mitochondria-Enriched Micrornas Following Traumatic Brain Injury And Effects Of Mir-146a Nanoparticle Delivery, Wang-Xia Wang, Pareshkumar Prajapati, Hemendra J. Vekaria, Malinda Spry, Amber L. Cloud, Patrick G. Sullivan, Joe E. Springer

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression and contribute to all aspects of cellular function. We previously reported that the activities of several mitochondria-enriched miRNAs regulating inflammation (i.e., miR-142-3p, miR-142-5p, and miR-146a) are altered in the hippocampus at 3–12 hours following a severe traumatic brain injury. In the present study, we investigated the temporal expression profile of these inflammatory miRNAs in mitochondria and cytosol fractions at more chronic post-injury times following severe controlled cortical impact injury in rats. In addition, several inflammatory genes were analyzed in the cytosol fractions. The analysis showed that while elevated …

Point-Of-Care Lung Ultrasound For Covid-19: Findings And Prognostic Implications From 105 Consecutive Patients, Kosuke Yasukawa, Taro Minami, David R Boulware, Ayako Shimada, Ernest A Fischer

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Background: The prognostic value of point-of-care lung ultrasound has not been evaluated in a large cohort of patients with COVID-19 admitted to general medicine ward in the United States. The aim of this study was to describe lung ultrasound findings and their prognostic value in patients with COVID-19 admitted to internal medicine ward.

Method: This prospective observational study consecutively enrolled 105 hospitalized participants with COVID-19 at 2 tertiary care centers. Ultrasound was performed in 12 lung zones within 24 hours of admission. Findings were assessed relative to 4 outcomes: intensive care unit (ICU) need, need for intensive respiratory support, length …

The Impact Of Recipient And Donor Characteristics On Kidney Transplant Graft Survival, Ashraf Donia, Azza A. I. Elmenyawia, Tarek T. Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Many factors determine the outcomes of renal transplant, including characteristics of both donors and recipients. Antihuman leukocyte antigen donor-specific antibodies are strongly linked to antibody-mediated rejection and late allograft loss. Aim The aim was to determine the effect of recipient and donor characteristics on kidney transplant graft survival, with special stress on panel-reactive antibodies. Participants and methods This study included 168 adult recipient and donor couples. The authors analyzed data of kidney transplants performed between the years of 2008 and 2018 at National Institute of Urology and Nephrology. Results The authors found a significant increase in renal failure in …

Importance Of Pgc-1Α Gene Expression In Egyptian Hemodialysis Patients, Ashraf Donia, Azza A. I. Elmenyawi

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is an upstream transcriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Its function is immediate elimination of reactive oxygen species to get rid of their cellular destruction sequelae. Decreased PGC-1α count and less mitochondrial function take part in renal failure. COX6C gene encodes mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins. Reaction of excessive reactive oxygen species with linolenic acid results in malondialdehyde (MDA) as a breakdown product. It is an important marker for evaluating oxidative damage. Patients and methods A total of 58 hemodialysis (HD) patients in the National Institute of Urology and Nephrology and 20 …

Comparing The Effect Of Volume Preload Versus Ephedrine Infusion For The Prevention Of Hypotension Due To Spinal Anesthesia For Lower Abdominal And Lower Limb Vascular Surgery, Ashraf A. H. Mahmoud Soliman

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of ephedrine infusion without preblock crystalloid administration in reducing the incidence of hypotension during spinal anesthesia. Patients and methods Fifty patients presented for lower abdominal and lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia who were divided into equal groups (group F and group E), each group had 25 patients each. Results As regards demographic data there was no statistical significance between both groups. As regards blood pressure there is statistical significance between both groups except at 4 and 22 min postspinal; regarding heart rate there was no statistical significance between both groups; and regarding the incidence …

The Use Of Ultrasound Indices To Evaluate Volume Status And Fluid Responsiveness In Patients With Septic Shock, Ashraf A. H. Mahmoud, Wael A. E. El Hakeem

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the use of ultrasound indices to evaluate volume status and fluid responsiveness in patients with septic shock. Patients and methods A total of 40 successive patients aged above 40 years, with septic shock on admission to the ICU, were enrolled in the study, comprising 26 fluid responders and 14 fluid nonresponders. Results Regarding demographic data and other patient characteristics, no statistically significant difference between both the study groups was seen. Regard baseline hemodynamics data, there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. but after fluid bolus, there was a statistically …

Initial Experience Of Thoracoscopic Video-Assisted Minimally Invasive Mitral Valve Surgery At National Heart Institute, Ahmed M. E. Abdelgawad, Ahmed Zayed, Tamer Elbanna

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Advancements in instruments and thoracoscopes and the evolution of cannulation techniques and cannulae types for cardiopulmonary bypass as well as cardiopulmonary bypass machines during the past decade have encouraged many surgeons to adopt minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (MIMVS). Today, MIMVS has become the standard approach for many surgeons and institutions. Patients and methods This is a nonrandomized prospective study in which 150 patients of mitral valve pathology scheduled for mitral valve surgery over a period of 3 years from March 2014 to May 2017 at National Heart Institute were allocated to two groups after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. …

Invasive Versus Noninvasive Assessment Of Functional Significance Of Intermediate Coronary Artery Lesions, Ahmed Zayed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) is noninvasive test used for evaluation of functional significance of borderline coronary artery lesions. Moreover, instantaneous wave-free ratio (IFR) is a well-validated invasive method used for the same purpose. Objectives To compare the results of MPI and IFR in detection of ischemia in patients with single intermediate coronary artery lesion. Patients and methods A total of 60 patients with single intermediate coronary artery stenosis, visually judged as angiographic stenosis more than or equal to 50% and less than 70% during coronary angiography, were included. After coronary angiography, all patients were subjected to MPI and IFR …

Peribulbar Injection Of Triamcinolone Acetonide As An Outpatient Clinic Procedure In The Management Of Mild To Moderate Macular Edema, Mohammed S. Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is the most common and most blinding ophthalmic complication. Diabetic macular edema (DME) is an essential manifestation of diabetic retinopathy that occurs across all its severity levels. Several intraocular treatment modalities for diabetic eye disease exist, including per-bulbar steroid injections. This study was conducted aiming to study the clinical effect and central macular thickness decrease following an outpatient clinic simple procedure of peribulbar injection of prepared triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) as a single procedure. Patients and methods This study was performed on 100 eligible eyes in 70 consecutive patients. The …

Intravitreal Injection Of Ranibizumab (Lucentis) Versus Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation As A Preoperative Adjuvant Before Vitrectomy In Management Of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, Mohammed S. Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, and it is the most common ophthalmic complication. Pan-retinal photocoagulation (PRP) has been the standard treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and can be used as an adjuvant before vitrectomy but has adverse effects. The use of intravitreal ranibizumab has been suggested as an alternative treatment or an alternative adjuvant before vitrectomy. Aim This study was conducted to study the effect of intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 10 mg/ml (Lucentis) versus PRP as an adjuvant before vitrectomy in the management of PDR. Patients and methods This study was performed on 40 …

Relaxing Retinotomies And Retinectomies In Case Of Proliferative Diabetic Vitreoretinopathies And Tractional Retinal Detachment, Alaa Atteya, Hussam E. O. Elrashidy, Maged Adly

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Radical anterior vitreous base dissection and lensectomy in combination with inferior 180° retinectomy will improve the anatomic success of complex proliferative diabetic vitreoretinopathies (PVR)-related retinal detachment. Our study aims to describe the anatomical and functional results of pars plana vitrectomy with retinotomies and relaxing retinectomies in patients with tractional retinal detachment in advanced PVR. Patients and methods A case series study was conducted on 28 eyes of patients with tractional retinal detachment with severe PVR. Preoperative and postoperative complications and final visual outcomes were recorded. The follow-up period was 12 months. Results Full reattachment rate was reached intraoperatively in …

Effect Of Repeated Peribulbar Triamcinolone Injection On Corneal Topography In Patients With Thyroid Eye Disease, Hussam E. O. Elrashidy, Laila A. Abulnasr, Nehal O. Elfarouk

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Studies have shown that repeated peribulbar triamcinolone injections reduce the inflammatory signs of moderate to severe thyroid eye disease (TED). Other studies found that TED was associated with greater with-the-rule corneal astigmatism owing to fibrosis of the soft tissue in the superolateral orbital region. This study aimed to detect the effect of repeated peribulbar triamcinolone injections in patients with moderate to severe TED on corneal topography and astigmatism. Patients and methods A prospective, controlled, and randomized study was conducted that included 30 eyes with moderate to severe TED who underwent repeated peribulbar triamcinolone injections in addition to pretreatment and …

Evaluation Of Posterior Decompressive Lumbar Surgery For Multilevel Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis With And Without Fusion, Sameh M. Saleh

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background There is no consensus regarding the best treatment of patients with multilevel lumbar stenosis. Surgical and invasive procedures are widely used in adults with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis when conservative treatments fail. However, little is known about the comparative efficacy and safety of these interventions. Aim and objective The aim was to study and evaluate the outcome of surgery for degenerative lumbar canal stenosis (LCS) on a clinical, radiological, and functional basis and to identify whether spinal decompression with fusion has a better effect than decompression alone for patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis or not. Patients and methods …

Tibial Angioplasty In Diabetics, Ihab N. A. Hanna

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Diabetics are pron e to develop serious complications such as nephropathy, retinal detachment, and others, and among such complications lies the devastating serious complication of diabetic foot, whether ulceration or diabetic foot infections up till gangrene. This could be attributed to either one or all of the following etiological factors: peripheral vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and/or infection owing to impaired immunity. Patients and methods We enrolled 88 diabetic ischemic patients with tibial artery disease confirmed by Duplex. Their mean age was 67 years (54 males and 34 females). Patients were subjected to ipsilateral antegrade transluminal or subintimal tibial angioplasty. …

Great Saphenous Vein Diameter At Different Regions And Its Relation To Reflux, Kareem Hady, Said I. El Mallah, Yahia M. Al-Khateep

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence is involved in most cases of varicose disease. Standard preinterventional assessment is required to decide the treatment modalities. GSV diameter was measured at saphenofemoral junction, proximal thigh, distal thigh, knee, proximal leg, and distal leg. Analysis was done to find at which diameter size the reflux is expected to occur. Patient and methods The study involved 100 limbs from outpatient vascular clinic. GSV diameter was measured at the saphenofemoral junction, the proximal thigh, the distal thigh, below the knee, and mid-leg and correlated with reflux. Results Reflux in the sapheno-femoral junction (SFJ) (group I) …

Predictors Of Mortality In The Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Of El-Galaa Teaching Hospital, Michael W. G. Hany

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Aim Neonatal mortality accounts for most infant mortality. Various factors influence the risk of neonatal mortality. Available estimates of survival and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are needed to provide antenatal counseling and guide management decisions. This study aimed to determine the predictors of admitted neonatal mortality. Patients and methods A retrospective study was done between June 2016 and May 2018 in the NICU of El-Galaa Teaching Hospital to determine the predictors of admitted neonatal mortality. Data were collected as follows: premature rupture of membranes, mode of delivery, multiple or single pregnancy, sex, weight, gestational age (GA), Apgar …

Continuous Chain Of Exporting Wuhan Novel Coronavirus Infection: A Comparison Of Primary And Secondary Step Rates, Rujittika Mungmungpuntipantip, Viroj Wiwanitkit

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

No abstract provided.

Redo-Mitral Valve Replacement And Predictors Of Operative Mortality: A Single-Institute Experience, Ahmed M. E. Abdelgawad, Ahmed Abdelaziz

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background In spite of improved survival of first-time mitral valve replacement (MVR), operative mortality associated with redo-mitral valve surgery is still higher than that of the primary operation. Consequently, more patients require redo-MVR, and studies investigating the operative outcome with current techniques and prostheses are thus needed. Patients and methods This is a nonrandomized prospective study that included 83 patients who underwent redo-MVR with either bioprosthetic or mechanical valves between March 2014 and December 2017 at National Heart Institute. Recorded data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences, version 23.0 (IBM SPSS). All preoperative and operative data were …

Inhibition Of Zika Virus Replication By G-Quadruplex-Binding Ligands, Indian Institute Of Technology Indore, Aryamav Pattnaik, Bikash R. Sahoo, Uma Shankar, Asit K. Pattnaik, Amit Kumar, Debasis Nayak

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-transmitted Flavivirus, emerged in the last decade causing serious diseases and affecting human health globally. Currently, no licensed vaccines or antivirals are available to combat ZIKV, although several vaccine candidates are in the pipeline. In recent years, the presence of non-canonical G-quadruplex (GQ) secondary structures in viral genomes has ignited significant attention as potential targets for antiviral strategy. In this study, we identified several novel conserved potential GQ structures by analyzing published ZIKV genome sequences using an in-house algorithm. Biophysical and biochemical analysis of the RNA sequences containing these potential GQ sequences suggested the existence of …

Prematurity Blunts The Insulin- And Amino Acid-Induced Stimulation Of Translation Initiation And Protein Synthesis In Skeletal Muscle Of Neonatal Pigs, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Barbara Stoll, Candace C Style, Mariatu A Verla, Oluyinka O Olutoye, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Extrauterine growth restriction in premature infants is largely attributed to reduced lean mass accretion and is associated with long-term morbidities. Previously, we demonstrated that prematurity blunts the feeding-induced stimulation of translation initiation signaling and protein synthesis in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the blunted feeding response is mediated by reduced responsiveness to insulin, amino acids, or both. Pigs delivered by cesarean section preterm (PT; 103 days,

Perfluorooctanoic Acid (Pfoa) Or Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (Pfos) And Dna Methylation In Newborn Dried Blood Spots In The Upstate Kids Cohort, Sonia L Robinson, Xuehuo Zeng, Weihua Guan, Rajeshwari Sundaram, Pauline Mendola, Diane L Putnick, Robert A Waterland, Chathura J Gunasekara, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Chongjing Gao, Erin M Bell, Edwina H Yeung

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are persistent organic pollutants which may alter prenatal development, potentially through epigenetic modifications. Prior studies examining PFOS/PFOA and DNA methylation have relatively few subjects (n < 200) and inconsistent results. We examined relations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation among 597 neonates in the Upstate KIDS cohort study. PFOA/PFOS were quantified in newborn dried blood spots (DBS) using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. DNA methylation was measured using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip with DNA extracted from DBS. Robust linear regression was used to examine the associations of PFOA/PFOS with DNA methylation at individual CpG sites. Covariates included sample plate, estimated cell type, epigenetically derived ancestry, infant sex and plurality, indicators of maternal socioeconomic status, and prior pregnancy loss. In supplemental analysis, we restricted the analysis to 2242 CpG sites previously identified as Correlated Regions of Systemic Interindividual Variation (CoRSIVs) which include metastable epialleles. At FDR90th percentile was related to DNA methylation at cg15557840, near SCRT2, SRXN1; PFOS>90th percentile was related to 2 CpG sites in a sex-specific manner (cg19039925 in GVIN1 in boys and cg05754408 in ZNF26 in girls). When analysis was restricted to CoRSIVs, log-scaled, continuous PFOS concentration was related to DNA methylation at cg03278866 within PTBP1. In conclusion, there was limited evidence of an association between high concentrations of PFOA/PFOS and DNA methylation in newborn DBS in the Upstate KIDS cohort. These …