Medical Specialties Commons^™

Cellular Regeneration As A Potential Strategy To Treat Cardiac Conduction Disorders, Satadru K Lahiri, Mohit M Hulsurkar, Xander Ht Wehrens

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Loss of atrioventricular conduction system (AVCS) cells due to either inherited or acquired deficits leads to conduction diseases, which can deteriorate into fatal cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. In this issue of the JCI, Wang et al. constructed a mouse model of atrioventricular block (AVB) by inducing AVCS cell-specific injury using the Cx30.2 enhancer to drive expression of diphtheria toxin fragment A. AVCS cell ablation in adult mice led to irreversible AVB. jkjkIn contrast, AVCS cell injury in neonatal mice was followed by spontaneous recovery in a subset of mice, revealing a limited postnatal time window during which the regeneration …

Prevention And Screening Of Hpv Malignancies, Kristina R Dahlstrom, Andrew T Day, Erich M Sturgis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

It is estimated that 5% of the global cancer burden, or approximately 690,000 cancer cases annually, is attributable to human papillomavirus (HPV). Primary prevention through prophylactic vaccination is the best option for reducing the burden of HPV-related cancers. Most high-income countries (HICs) have introduced the HPV vaccine and are routinely vaccinating adolescent boys and girls. Unfortunately, although they suffer the greatest morbidity and mortality due to HPV-related cancers, many lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have been unable to initiate and sustain vaccination programs. Secondary prevention in the form of screening has led to substantial declines in cervical cancer incidence in …

Pancreatic Differentiation Of Stem Cells Reveals Pathogenesis Of A Syndrome Of Ketosis-Prone Diabetes, Diane Yang, Sanjeet Patel, Wojciech J Szlachcic, Jolanta Chmielowiec, Diane Scaduto, Nagireddy Putluri, Arun Sreekumar, James Suliburk, Michael Metzker, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Malgorzata Borowiak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Genetic analysis of an adult patient with an unusual course of ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) and lacking islet autoantibodies demonstrated a nucleotide variant in the 5′-untranslated region (UTR) of PDX1, a β-cell development gene. When differentiated to the pancreatic lineage, his induced pluripotent stem cells stalled at the definitive endoderm (DE) stage. Metabolomics analysis of the cells revealed that this was associated with leucine hypersensitivity during transition from the DE to the pancreatic progenitor (PP) stage, and RNA sequencing showed that defects in leucine-sensitive mTOR pathways contribute to the differentiation deficiency. CRISPR/Cas9 manipulation of the PDX1 variant demonstrated that it …

Hyperkalemia Management In The Emergency Department: An Expert Panel Consensus, Zubaid Rafique, Frank Peacock, Terra Armstead, Jason J Bischof, Joanna Hudson, Matthew R Weir, James Neuenschwander

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality identified in the emergency department (ED) and potentially fatal. However, there is no consensus over the potassium threshold that warrants intervention or its treatment algorithm. Commonly used medications are at best temporizing measures, and the roles of binders are unclear in the emergent setting. As the prevalence of comorbid conditions altering potassium homeostasis rises, hyperkalemia becomes more common, and hence there is a need to standardize management. A panel was assembled to synthesize the available evidence and identify gaps in knowledge in hyperkalemia treatment in the ED. The panel was composed of 7 medical …

A Systematic Review Of The Use Of St John's Wort For Smoking Cessation In Adults, Namrata Walia, Sandra Gonzalez, Roger Zoorob

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

St. John's wort (SJW) has been researched and clinically used for treating various psychiatric disorders, including depression. Few clinical trials have studied its use in smoking cessation. This systematic review provides comprehensive evidence of the studies conducted to date. Five databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of SJW for smoking cessation in adults. The trials included the use of SJW alone, or along with nicotine replacement therapy, chromium, or behavioral therapies. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to report this systematic review. Overall, four RCTs met the eligibility …

Perspectives From The Society For Pediatric Research: Advice On Sustaining Science And Mentoring During Covid-19, Catherine S Forster, Suong T Nguyen, Weston T Powell, Daniel J Moore, Jacqueline Ho, Melvin B Heyman, Tara L Wenger, Fernando Gonzalez, Margaret Hostetter, Andrew Nowalk, Caroline E Rassbach, Debra Boyer, Pnina Weiss, Rebecca L Blankenburg, Jordan S Orange, Kate G Ackerman, Audrea M Burns, National Pediatric Physician-Scientist Collaborative Workgroup

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic will leave an indelible mark on the careers of current medical trainees. Given the disruptions to medical education, economic impact on institutions, and the uncertainties around future job prospects, trainees are facing unprecedented challenges. This situation is especially concerning for futures of pediatric physician-scientist trainees, where concerns regarding maintaining the pipeline were well documented prior to the emergence of COVID-19. In this Perspectives article, we leverage the unique expertise of our workgroup to address concerns of physician-scientist trainees and to provide suggestions on how to navigate career trajectories in the post-COVID-19 era. We identified and addressed four …

Decreasing Unintentional Pregnancies For Tennesseans, Paula M. Todd

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

In 2018, 49% of all pregnancies in the United States were unintended, with women with a lower- income status being five times more likely to experience an unplanned pregnancy. Tennessee has a high rate of unintended pregnancies, particularly among the uninsured, low-income, and rural teen populations; some 22% of these unintended pregnancies end in abortion. Oral or transdermal contraceptives that are affordable and accessible for women of childbearing age can reduce unintentional pregnancies. The addressed gap in clinical practice was that contraceptives are not currently available over the counter in Tennessee pharmacies without a prescription, which necessitates a costly medical …

No Effect Of Hypercholesterolemia On Elastase-Induced Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression, Toru Ikezoe, Takahiro Shoji, Jia Guo, Fanru Shen, Hong S. Lu, Alan Daugherty, Masao Nunokawa, Hiroshi Kubota, Masaaki Miyata, Baohui Xu, Ronald L. Dalman

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Objective: Epidemiological studies link hyperlipidemia with increased risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the influence of lipid-lowering drugs statins on prevalence and progression of clinical and experimental AAAs varies between reports, engendering controversy on the association of hyperlipidemia with AAA disease. This study investigated the impact of hypercholesterolemia on elastase-induced experimental AAAs in mice. Methods: Both spontaneous (targeted deletion of apolipoprotein E) and induced mouse hypercholesterolemia models were employed. In male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, hypercholesterolemia was induced via intraperitoneal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a gain-of-function proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mutation (PCSK9) followed by …

Committee On High-Quality Alzheimer’S Disease Studies (Chads) Consensus Report, Gregory A. Jicha, Erin L. Abner, Steven E. Arnold, Maria C. Carrillo, Hiroko H. Dodge, Steven D. Edland, Keith N. Fargo, Howard H. Feldman, Larry B. Goldstein, James A. Hendrix, Ruth Peters, Julie M. Robillard, Lon S. Schneider, Jodi R. Titiner, Christopher J. Weber

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Background: Consensus guidance for the development and identification of high-quality Alzheimer's disease clinical trials is needed for protocol development and conduct of clinical trials.

Methods: An ad hoc consensus committee was convened in conjunction with the Alzheimer's Association to develop consensus recommendations.

Results: Consensus was readily reached for the need to provide scientific justification, registration of trials, institutional review board oversight, conflict of interest disclosure, funding source disclosure, defined trial population, recruitment resources, definition of the intervention, specification of trial duration, appropriate payment for participant engagement, risk-benefit disclosure as part of the consent process, and the requirement …

Prion Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis, Jeffrey F. Spindel, Anita M. Fletcher, William T. Smith, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Human prion diseases are a group of rare encephalopathies resulting in rapidly progressive dementia and ultimately death. While there are no effective treatments for any form of prion disease, prompt and efficient diagnosis is essential to prevent the spread of the self-propagating protein, which may occur through aerosols, and avoid unnecessary or invasive testing. Diagnosis relies largely on physical examination, with many nonspecific findings, and laboratory testing, which has wide ranges of reported accuracy and high false positive rates with diseases such as Alzheimer’s dementia.

Methods: Patients who underwent testing for prion disease were retrospectively identified from the electronic …

Supercoiling And Looping Promote Dna Base Accessibility And Coordination Among Distant Sites, Jonathan M Fogg, Allison K Judge, Erik Stricker, Hilda L Chan, Lynn Zechiedrich

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

DNA in cells is supercoiled and constrained into loops and this supercoiling and looping influence every aspect of DNA activity. We show here that negative supercoiling transmits mechanical stress along the DNA backbone to disrupt base pairing at specific distant sites. Cooperativity among distant sites localizes certain sequences to superhelical apices. Base pair disruption allows sharp bending at superhelical apices, which facilitates DNA writhing to relieve torsional strain. The coupling of these processes may help prevent extensive denaturation associated with genomic instability. Our results provide a model for how DNA can form short loops, which are required for many essential …

Longitudinal Cognitive Performance Of Alzheimer's Disease Neuropathological Subtypes, Madeline Uretsky, Laura E. Gibbons, Shubhabrata Mukherjee, Emily H. Trittschuh, David W. Fardo, Patricia A. Boyle, C. Dirk Keene, Andrew J. Saykin, Paul K. Crane, Julie A. Schneider, Jesse Mez

Sanders-Brown Center on Aging Faculty Publications

Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological subtypes (limbic predominant [lpAD], hippocampal sparing [HpSpAD], and typical [tAD]), defined by relative neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) burden in limbic and cortical regions, have not been studied in prospectively characterized epidemiological cohorts with robust cognitive assessments.

Methods: Two hundred ninety-two participants with neuropathologically confirmed AD from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project were categorized by neuropathological subtype based on previously specified diagnostic criteria using quantitative regional NFT counts. Rates of cognitive decline were compared across subtypes using linear mixed-effects models that included subtype, time, and a subtype-time interaction as predictors and four cognitive …

Usability Of Abattoir-Acquired Pig Eyes For Refractive Excimer Laser Research, Marius Topka, Yao Zhang, Antonia Bock, Peter Riedel, Johannes Lörner, Alexander Hammer, Eva Maier, Friedrich Paulsen, Christian M Hammer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The purpose of this study was to elucidate, under which conditions abattoir-acquired pig eyes are suitable for refractive excimer laser experiments. Porcine eyes from tunnel-scalded (n = 5) and tank-scalded (n = 10) pigs were compared to unscalded eyes (n = 5) and to eyes scalded in the laboratory (n = 5). The corneal epithelium was removed before an excimer laser was used to perform a - 8.0 D photoablation. Corneal thickness was measured by optical coherence topography before and after photoablation. The ablation depth was determined with a contour measuring station, the morphology of the ablated areas was characterized …

Leveraging High-Resolution 7-Tesla Mri To Derive Quantitative Metrics For The Trigeminal Nerve And Subnuclei Of Limbic Structures In Trigeminal Neuralgia, Judy Alper, Alan C. Seifert, Gaurav Verma, Kuang-Han Huang, Yael Jacob, Ameen Al Qadi, John W. Rutland, Sheetal Patel, Joshua Bederson, Raj K. Shrivastava, Bradley N. Delman, Priti Balchandani

Publications and Research

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a chronic neurological disease that is strongly associated with neurovascular compression (NVC) of the trigeminal nerve near its root entry zone. The trigeminal nerve at the site of NVC has been extensively studied but limbic structures that are potentially involved in TN have not been adequately characterized. Specifically, the hippocampus is a stress-sensitive region which may be structurally impacted by chronic TN pain. As the center of the emotion-related network, the amygdala is closely related to stress regulation and may be associated with TN pain as well. The thalamus, which is involved in the trigeminal …

Discovery Of Potent Bet Bromodomain 1 Stereoselective Inhibitors Using Dna-Encoded Chemical Library Selections, Rajesh Sharma, Kyoung-Jae Choi, My Diem Quan, Sonum Sharma, Banumathi Sankaran, Hyekyung Park, Anel Lagrone, Jean J Kim, Kevin R Mackenzie, Allan Chris M Ferreon, Choel Kim, Josephine C Ferreon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Expression of a few master transcription factors can reprogram the epigenetic landscape and three-dimensional chromatin topology of differentiated cells and achieve pluripotency. During reprogramming, thousands of long-range chromatin contacts are altered, and changes in promoter association with enhancers dramatically influence transcription. Molecular participants at these sites have been identified, but how this re-organization might be orchestrated is not known. Biomolecular condensation is implicated in subcellular organization, including the recruitment of RNA polymerase in transcriptional activation. Here, we show that reprogramming factor KLF4 undergoes biomolecular condensation even in the absence of its intrinsically disordered region. Liquid-liquid condensation of the isolated KLF4 …

Associations Between Air Pollution Exposure And Empirically Derived Profiles Of Cognitive Performance In Older Women, Andrew J. Petkus, Diana Younan, Xinhui Wang, Daniel P. Beavers, Mark A. Espeland, Margaret Gatz, Tara Gruenewald, Joel D. Kaufman, Helena C. Chui, Joshua Millstein, Stephen R. Rapp, Joann E. Manson, Susan M. Resnick, Gregory A. Wellenius, Eric A. Whitsel, Keith Widaman, Jiu-Chiuan Chen

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Background:Elucidating associations between exposures to ambient air pollutants and profiles of cognitive performance may provide insight into neurotoxic effects on the aging brain. Objective:We examined associations between empirically derived profiles of cognitive performance and residential concentrations of particulate matter of aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in older women. Method:Women (N = 2,142) from the Women’s Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging completed a neuropsychological assessment measuring attention, visuospatial, language, and episodic memory abilities. Average yearly concentrations of PM2.5 and NO2 were estimated at the participant’s addresses for the 3 years prior to the assessment. Latent profile structural equation models identified subgroups of women exhibiting similar profiles across tests. Multinomial regressions examined associations between exposures and latent profile classification, controlling for covariates. Result:Five latent profiles were identified: low performance across multiple domains (poor multi-domain; n = 282;13%), relatively poor verbal episodic memory (poor memory; n = 216; 10%), average performance across all domains (average multi-domain; n = 974; 45%), superior memory (n = 381; 18%), and superior attention (n = 332; 15%). Using women with average cognitive ability as the referent, higher PM2.5 (per interquartile range [IQR] = 3.64μg/m3) was associated with greater odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.29; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 1.10–1.52) or superior attention (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.10–1.53) profiles. NO2 (per IQR = 9.86 ppb) was associated with higher odds of being classified in the poor memory (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.17–1.63) and lower odds of being classified with superior memory (OR = 0.81; 95% CI = 0.67–0.97). Conclusion:Exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 are associated with patterns of cognitive performance characterized by worse verbal episodic memory relative to performance in other domains.

Microbial Influence On Alzheimer's Disease, Ashley N. Hamby

The Cardinal Edge

No abstract provided.

The Immunotherapy Candidate Tnfsf4 May Help The Induction Of A Promising Immunological Response In Breast Carcinomas, Kai Li, Lei Ma, Ye Sun, Xiang Li, Hong Ren, Shou-Ching Tang, Xin Sun

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Immune checkpoint blockade, an immunotherapy, has been applied in multiple systemic malignancies and has improved overall survival to a relatively great extent; whether it can be applied in breast cancer remains unknown. We endeavored to explore possible factors that may influence immunotherapy outcomes in breast cancer using several public databases. The possible treatment target TNF superfamily member 4 (TNFSF4) was selected from many candidates based on its abnormal expression profile, survival-associated status, and ability to predict immune system reactions. For the first time, we identified the oncogenic features of TNFSF4 in breast carcinoma. TNFSF4 was revealed to be closely related …

Validation Of An Electronic Trigger To Measure Missed Diagnosis Of Stroke In Emergency Departments, Viralkumar Vaghani, Li Wei, Umair Mushtaq, Dean F Sittig, Andrea Bradford, Hardeep Singh

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVE: Diagnostic errors are major contributors to preventable patient harm. We validated the use of an electronic health record (EHR)-based trigger (e-trigger) to measure missed opportunities in stroke diagnosis in emergency departments (EDs).

METHODS: Using two frameworks, the Safer Dx Trigger Tools Framework and the Symptom-disease Pair Analysis of Diagnostic Error Framework, we applied a symptom-disease pair-based e-trigger to identify patients hospitalized for stroke who, in the preceding 30 days, were discharged from the ED with benign headache or dizziness diagnoses. The algorithm was applied to Veteran Affairs National Corporate Data Warehouse on patients seen between 1/1/2016 and 12/31/2017. Trained …

Association Among Insulin Receptor Substrate1 Genetic Polymorphism, Sulfonylurea Therapeutic Efficacy, And Insulin Resistance In Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Ayat I. Ghanem, Ghada A. Omar, Wafaa S. Hegab

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Insulin receptor substrate-1 gene (IRS-1) is an endogenous substrate of the insulin receptor present in insulin-sensitive tissues, allowing insulin signaling to take place. The IRS-1, rs1801278 gene with Gly972Arg substitution polymorphism is one of the most commonly studied variants in relation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective The objective of this study was to detect the genetic association of the IRS-1, rs1801278 gene polymorphism with secondary sulfonylurea (SU) failure and insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM in Egyptian patients. Patients and methods A total of 81 T2DM Egyptian patients (49 nonresponders and 32 responders to SU) were recruited. Genotyping …

Effect And Long-Term Outcome Of Hemithyroidectomy For Patients With Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma, Ahmed M. Sharaky, Amr Abu Ella, Ihab Matar

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Although the incidence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has increased during the recent years, most of the PTCs are slow growing and considered as low-risk tumors with an excellent prognosis. This observed increase in small tumors leads to many controversies regarding the optimal surgical approach, and the extent of surgery for low-risk PTC is still the subject of debate. Recently, there is a trend toward utilizing a less-aggressive surgical approach, including the option of hemithyroidectomy for small PTCs up to 4 cm. Patients and methods This study included 60 patients with a proven diagnosis of PTC. According to the …

Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy Modality Of Treatment For Ulcers In Lymphedema Patients, Ihab Nabil Amin Hanna

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Lymphedema in the presence of ulcers and lymphorrhea inducing cellulitis hinders the quality of life and mobility of the patients, and might continue inducing severe infection that might result in life-threatening infection, both bacterial and fungal. Since the negative-pressure wound therapy is a recognized modality of wound healings in such a context as lymphedema, it might induce a remarkable withdrawal and decrease in lymphorrhea and lymph fluid, resulting in a decrease of girth and heaviness of the limb, thus improving the quality of life. Also, it helps in promoting wound healing of the ulcers by improving the blood supply …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin As A Predictor Of Chronic Kidney Disease, Ahmed H. Elthakaby, Azza Ali I. Elmenyawi

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major threat to public health problem, in terms of prevalence of disease, cost of treatment, and the comorbidities involved. To screen out the severe disease earlier and more accurately, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are still regarded as the ideal markers of kidney function. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a new biomarker for detecting early kidney damage. The aim of the study was to assess diagnostic significance of NGAL in early stages of CKD among patients. Patients and methods We measured urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL) and serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin …

Evaluation Of Noninvasive Methods For Diagnosis Of Cholestasis In Infancy, Ashraf M. Ayad, Hala Abdelal, Hasan Khalaf, Mohamed F. Alsoda

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Cholestatic liver disease constitutes a large percentage of chronic liver diseases during infancy. Cholestasis is defined as interference with bile formation or flow owing to pathology anywhere between the hepatocyte and the ampulla of Vater. Aim To evaluate the different modalities used for diagnosing cholestasis in infants in Damanhour Medical National Institute (DMNI) to find out the sensitivity and the predictive values of each modality in defining the cause of cholestatic jaundice, whether surgical or medical. Patients and methods This study was a retrospective one which included 153 infants who were referred with cholestasis in first year of life …

Evaluation Of Vitamin D Status In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Mai M. Kamel, Mohamed F. Alsoda, Omnia S. Ali

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective The current study was conducted to evaluate vitamin D status in children with cerebral palsy (CP) and its relations with associated risk factors. Patients and methods The present research included 50 children with CP of both sexes compared with a control group of 20 healthy children with matched age and sex. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium, and phosphorus were measured and compared in cases and controls. The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) was recorded, and children with GMFCS level I–III were considered ambulatory, whereas children with level IV–V were considered nonambulatory. Results Median (interquartile range) serum vitamin D …

Comparison Between The Effect Of Single-Dose Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave And Local Corticosteroid Injection In Treatment Of Patients With Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Abeer H. Ismaiel, Lamis S. Ahmed, Nahed H. Taha

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) compared with local corticosteroid injection (LCsI) in reducing pain and improving the function of patients with mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) over 6 months. Patients and methods We studied 40 patients with mild and moderate CTS, where 20 patients received single-dose rESWT and the second group was treated with LCsI. Both groups had been assessed at baseline and at 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment using Boston self-assessment questionnaire (BQ) and visual analog scale (VAS) and at baseline and after 3 months using neurophysiological studies. …

Interrupted Course Of Antitumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Therapy Versus Combined Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Therapy And Physiotherapy In Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Comparative Study, Sherry K. Abdelrahman, Taghreed F. M. Mostafa

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Aim The aim was to evaluate the efficacy of interrupted course of antitumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) blocking agents (etanercept and adalimumab) as 3-month-on-and-3-month-off regimen versus combined regimen of physiotherapy and NSAIDs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) within a 2-year period. Patients and methods A total of 60 patients who fulfilled the Modified New York Criteria for AS were enrolled in the current study and divided into two equal groups: one received interrupted course of anti-TNFα agents and one received NSAIDs plus physiotherapy. Both groups were subjected to follow-ups at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. To assess the …

Waardenburg Syndrome As A Challenging Experience In Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, Ihab K. S. Abdelmalak, Iman Elrouby, Salwa Mahmoud

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background Waardenburg syndrome (WS) is a major cause of symptomatic sensorineural hearing loss, which accounts for 2–5% of patients with congenital hearing loss. Cochlear implantation (CI) has shown improvement in auditory perception and language skills of syndromic sensorineural hearing-impaired children and is now accepted as a gold standard treatment. Aim The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of CI in cases with WS and to compare the results with nonsyndromic CI cases. Participants and methods A total of 268 children of less than 7 years of age underwent CI in the National Hearing and Speech Institute, …

The Role Of Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography In Diagnosis Of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Alaa Atia, Ghada Samir, Hussam E. O Elrashidy

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Purpose To detect the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR), in comparison with conventional multimodal imaging. Patients and methods In the current case series, 80 eyes of 80 patients were diagnosed to have CSCR, and they underwent spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA), and OCTA. OCTA images are performed at two main depth intervals: automatically segmented outer retina and automatically segmented choriocapillaris. Results In 40 of 80 eyes, OCTA images showed detached retina adjacent to the leakage point, compared with 40 of 80 eyes using FA, and 80 of …

Prospective Changes In The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer And The Ganglion Cell Layer Prepan And Postpan Retinal Photocoagulation With Argon Laser In The Management Of Diabetic Retinopathy Patients, Mohammed S. Ahmed

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the primary retinal vascular complication of diabetes mellitus and is a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness. Argon laser is a common laser that is used for DR treatment. This study was carried out aiming to assess the effect of DR on the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness prepan and postpan retinal photocoagulation (PRP). Patients and methods This study was carried out on 100 eligible eyes in 62 consecutive patients. The authors performed a complete ophthalmologic examination, including best-corrected visual acuity using the early treatment diabetes retinopathy analysis charts, intraocular pressure measurement, slit-lamp …