Medical Specialties Commons^™

Antibody Duration After Infection From Sars-Cov-2 In The Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey, Michael D Swartz, Stacia M Desantis, Ashraf Yaseen, Frances A Brito, Melissa A Valerio-Shewmaker, Sarah E Messiah, Luis G Leon-Novelo, Harold W Kohl, Cesar L Pinzon-Gomez, Tianyao Hao, Shiming Zhang, Yashar Talebi, Joy Yoo, Jessica R Ross, Michael O Gonzalez, Leqing Wu, Steven H Kelder, Mark Silberman, Samantha Tuzo, Stephen J Pont, Jennifer A Shuford, David Lakey, Eric Boerwinkle

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Understanding the duration of antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus that causes COVID-19 is important to controlling the current pandemic. Participants from the Texas Coronavirus Antibody Response Survey (Texas CARES) with at least 1 nucleocapsid protein antibody test were selected for a longitudinal analysis of antibody duration. A linear mixed model was fit to data from participants (n = 4553) with 1 to 3 antibody tests over 11 months (1 October 2020 to 16 September 2021), and models fit showed that expected antibody response after COVID-19 infection robustly increases for 100 days postinfection, and predicts …

Increasing Cefazolin Use For Surgical Prophylaxis In Penicillin-Allergy-Labeled Patients., Kathryn A. Vandervelde, Sarah Suppes, Kate Gibbs, Kevin Latz, Angela C. Vanderpool, Rana El Feghaly, Jennifer Goldman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Objective: Penicillin (PCN) allergy labels affect antimicrobial selection for surgical prophylaxis. We aimed to increase the percentage of cefazolin usage in patients with PCN allergy labels undergoing orthopedic surgery from 50% to 80%.

Design: Quality improvement initiative.

Setting: Children's Mercy Kansas City (CMKC), a freestanding children's hospital.

Patients: Children scheduled for an orthopedic surgery (excluding spinal surgery) at CMKC who had a PCN allergy label and received a perioperative antibiotic.

Methods: No standardized process existed to identify and clarify PCN-allergic-labeled patients preoperatively. We developed a process for patient identification combined with a pharmacist phone interview for PCN allergy clarification. In …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 152), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Enteropathogens On Faltering Growth In A Resource-Limited Setting, Furqan Kabir, Junaid Iqbal, Zehra Jamil, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Fatima Aziz, Adil Kalam, Sahrish Muneer, Aneeta Hotwani, Sheraz Ahmed, Fayyaz Umrani, Sana Syed, Kamran Sadiq, Syed Asad Ali

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Introduction: Environmental enteropathy is an important contributor to childhood malnutrition in the developing world. Chronic exposure to fecal pathogens leads to alteration in intestinal structure and function, resulting in impaired gut immune function, malabsorption, and growth faltering leading to environmental enteropathy.
Methods: A community-based intervention study was carried out on children till 24 months of age in Matiari district, Pakistan. Blood and fecal specimens were collected from the enrolled children aged 3-6 and 9 months. A real-time PCR-based TaqMan array card (TAC) was used to detect enteropathogens.
Results: Giardia, Campylobacter spp., enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), …

Optimal Timing Of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation In Children And Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Alexander Kay, Jose Mendez-Reyes, Tara Devezin, Meenakshi Bakaya, Teresa Steffy, Sandile Dlamini, Amos Msekandiana, Tara Ness, Jason Bacha, Pauline Amuge, Mogomotsi Matshaba, Moses Chodota, Phoebe Nyasulu, Lineo Thahane, Lumumbwa Mwita, Adeodata Kekitiinwa, Andrew Dinardo, Bhekumusa Lukhele, H Lester Kirchner, Anna Mandalakas

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: There is insufficient evidence in children and adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus (CAHIV) to guide the timing of antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation after starting treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis (pTB). To address this knowledge gap, we evaluated the risk of mortality associated with timing of ART initiation in ART-naive CAHIV treated for pTB.

METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic medical records of ART-naive patients, aged 0-19 years, who were treated for HIV-associated pTB at Baylor Centers of Excellence in Botswana, Eswatini, Malawi, Lesotho, Tanzania, or Uganda between 2013 and 2020. Data were analyzed against a primary outcome of all-cause mortality …

Mycotic Aneurysm A Rare Complication From Infection Masquerading As Lung Cancer, Rithvik Nallapareddy, Md, Mary Anne Nidiry, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

Don’T Poke The Bear: Pheochromocytoma Unmasked By Covid-19, Taylor Virtue, Md, Andrea Roast, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Protective And Pathological Role Of The Spleen In Malaria, Julie Hwang, Md, Amy Dechet, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

Tuberculosis Myositis In Leg Musculature, Tho Nguyen, Md, Justin Jin, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia In An Immunocompetent Woman: A Case Report, M Cate Hoye, Md, Gita D Gelfer, Md

Poster Presentations

No abstract provided.

A Walking Case Of Extensive Klebsiella Pneumoniae Mimicking Lung Cancer, Diem Phuc T. Nguyen, Rebecca L. Cooper, Maria Antonio-Miranda, Patricia Gilford

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Atraumatic Splenic Rupture: An Unaccustomed Complication Of H. Parainfluenzae Endocarditis, Daniel P. High, Jose M. Acosta-Rullan, Danay Herrera, Mauricio Danckers

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2023

No abstract available.

Outcomes Of Unbalanced Versus Balanced Crystalloids In Sepsis: A Systematic Review, Gus R. Whittington

Theses and Graduate Projects

This systematic review attempts to examine current literature regarding the outcomes of septic patients who receive fluid resuscitation with balanced versus unbalanced crystalloids. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs), retrospective cohort studies, and clinical trials that presented either pediatric or adult patients who were admitted to the hospital in critically ill condition and received either 0.9% normal saline or any type of balanced crystalloid, with the presence of at least one out of three primary outcomes: comparative rates of mortality, renal dysfunction, or metabolic acidosis. Reports were excluded if they did not contain information regarding any primary outcome measure, …

Understanding Inflammation, Immunity, And Infection, Jeff Vasiloff, Md, Mph

OHIO Open Faculty Textbooks

Inflammation, immunity, and infection explained by Jeffrey Vasiloff, MD, MPH, Associate Clinical Professor, PA Program; Adjunct Professor, PT Program, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University Dublin Medical Campus; Physician Consultant: Ohio Association of Physician Assistants; Physician Volunteer: Franklin County & Columbus Medical Reserve Corps; Board Certification: Internal Medicine & Diabetes and Endocrinology.

Effectiveness And Safety Of Bictegravir/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Alafenamide In Patients With Hiv-1 Infection And Ongoing Substance Use Disorder: The Base Study, Joshua P. Havens, Sara Bares, Elizabeth Lyden, Anthony T. Podany, Kimberly Scarsi, Nada A. Fadul, Susan Swindells

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and substance use disorder (PWH/SUD) are at higher risk of nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy. Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (B/F/TAF) exhibits high rates of efficacy with a favorable adverse event profile. The BASE study (NCT03998176) is a phase 4, single-arm study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of B/F/TAF among PWH/SUD.

METHODS: Viremic (HIV RNA >1000 copies/mL) PWH/SUD initiated B/F/TAF once daily for 48 weeks (W). The primary endpoint was proportion of participants with HIV RNA/mL at W24. Secondary endpoints were proportion of participants with HIV-1 RNA/mL at W48, safety, B/F/TAF adherence (dried blood spot [DBS] concentrations …

Factors Associated With Prevalent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection And Disease Among Adolescents And Adults Exposed To Rifampin-Resistant Tuberculosis In The Household, Soyeon Kim, Anneke C. Hesseling, Xingye Wu, Michael D. Hughes, N. Sarita Shah, Sanjay Gaikwad, Nishi Kumarasamy, Erika Mitchell, Mey Leon, Pedro Gonzales, Sharlaa Badal-Faesen, Madeleine Lourens, Sandy Nerette, Justin Shenje, Petra De Koker, Supalert Nedsuwan, Lerato Mohapi, Unoda A. Chakalisa, Rosie Mngqbisa, Rodrigo Otávio Da Silva Escada, Samuel Ouma, Barbara Heckman, Linda Naini, Amita Gupta, Susan Swindells, Gavin Churchyard, Actg A5300/Impaact 2003 Phoenix Feasibility Study Team

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

BACKGROUND: Understanding factors associated with prevalent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and prevalent TB disease in household contacts of patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) may be useful for TB program staff conducting contact investigations.

METHODS: Using data from a cross-sectional study that enrolled index participants with rifampin-resistant pulmonary TB and their household contacts (HHCs), we evaluated HHCs age ≥15 years for factors associated with two outcomes: Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and TB disease. Among HHCs who were not already diagnosed with current active TB disease by the TB program, Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection was determined by interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). TB disease was adjudicated …

The Impact Covid-19 On The Healthcare Industry’S Systems And Policies: A Case Study, Jameyshia Franklin

West Chester University Doctoral Projects

People worldwide experienced some impacts from the 2019 Coronavirus at various degree. The healthcare industry worldwide was significantly affected by the high volume of patients being infected with the Coronavirus. The COVID-19 virus brought on several challenges for the healthcare industry and the federal government in the United States. Hospitals operated under severe circumstances to treat sick COVID-19 patients and keep their employees safe from contracting the disease. Government mandated social distancing, mask wearing, and cancelation and closing of services to assist with stopping the spread of the virus. This study aimed to identify how the pandemic affected the healthcare …

Clonal Diversity, Antibiotic Resistance, And Virulence Factor Prevalence Of Community Associated Staphylococcus Aureus In Southeastern Virginia, Katelyn D. Cranmer, Mohan D. Pant, Suzanne Quesnel, Julia A. Sharp

EVMS School of Health Professions Faculty Publications

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen with a formidable propensity for antibiotic resistance. Worldwide, it is the leading cause of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, and infective endocarditis originating from both community- and healthcare associated settings. Although often grouped by methicillin resistance, both methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) strains are known to cause significant pathologies and injuries. Virulence factors and growing resistance to antibiotics play major roles in the pathogenicity of community-associated strains. In our study, we examined the genetic variability and acquired antibiograms of 122 S. aureus clinical isolates from SSTI, blood, and urinary …

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy In Asean: Insights From A Multi-Wave Survey Database From July 2020 To March 2021, Kenneth Y. Hartigan-Go, Ronald U. Mendoza, Madeline Mae A. Ong, Jurel K. Yap

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

Objectives

Early studies on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy showed varied intensity across countries, which was linked to various factors such as socio-economic conditions, information sources, and issues of trust in government, scientific experts, and the health sector. This study aims to evaluate the determinants of vaccine hesitancy to offer insights into the strategies that may be successful in designing communications campaigns for enhanced vaccination uptake.

Methods

Through logistic regression, this study examines correlates of survey data from five Southeast Asian countries, namely Indonesia (ID), Malaysia (MY), Philippines (PH), Thailand (TH), Vietnam (VN) collected by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Initiative on …

Retrospective Review Of The Utility Of Mrsa Naat Screening To Predict Mrsa Infections, Nyles T Fowler, Brent Footer, Caitlin Morris

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

A Quasi-Experimental Study Of Trough-Guided Versus Area Under The Curve-Guided Vancomycin Monitoring In Patients With Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia Using Desirability Of Outcome Ranking (Door), Justin Donat, Brent Footer, Gregory B. Tallman

Providence Pharmacy PGY1 Program at Providence Portland and Providence St. Vincent Medical Centers 2023

No abstract provided.

The Re-Emergence Of An Ancient Disease: A Case Presentation Of Spinal Tuberculosis, Danay Herrera, Nargisa Ergasheva, Paola Solari, Daniel Kaswan, Bryan Greendield

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2023

Please see supplemental content for full abstract with references.

Introduction: An ancient disease identified in Egyptian and Peruvian mummies, tuberculous spondylitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is considered the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) [1,5]. Despite the identification of the causative agent, the improvement in diagnostic tools, the production of the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine, and the development of antimicrobial regimens since the disease was first described, it remains a major health burden today with significant morbidity and mortality among developing countries [5]. Spinal TB can lead to severe deformity and permanent neurological deficits, as such early recognition …

Implementation Of Point-Of-Care Tick-Borne Disease Powerplan™ And Algorithm For Early Detection And Treatment Of Tick-Borne Diseases, Ashley Pinkham

DNP Scholarly Projects

Abstract

Local Problem: The Concord Hospital system, serving 30+ communities, is situated in the heart of New Hampshire surrounded by densely wooded forests, lakes, and mountains and is a mecca for camping, vacationing, and sightseeing, doubling its population of 1.6 million residents during spring, summer, and fall months. Despite the serenity, there is a predator that lingers among the hiking trails and lake shorelines. From January 2021 through August 2022 there were a total of 41 hospitalizations from tick-borne diseases, some with life threatening symptoms. Unfortunately, nearly half (43%) of patients presented to their primary care provider first where the …

Tnik Regulation Of Interferon Signaling And Endothelial Cell Response To Virus Infection, Khanh M Chau, Abishai Dominic, Eleanor L Davis, Sivareddy Kotla, Estefani Turcios Berrios, Arsany Fahim, Ashwin Arunesh, Shengyu Li, Dongyu Zhao, Kaifu Chen, Alan R Davis, Minh T H Nguyen, Yongxing Wang, Scott E Evans, Guangyu Wang, John P Cooke, Jun-Ichi Abe, David P Huston, Nhat-Tu Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Traf2 and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) is known for its regulatory role in various processes within cancer cells. However, its role within endothelial cells (ECs) has remained relatively unexplored.

METHODS: Leveraging RNA-seq data and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), we probed the potential impact of TNIK depletion on ECs.

RESULTS: Examination of RNA-seq data uncovered more than 450 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in TNIK-depleted ECs, displaying a fold change exceeding 2 with a false discovery rate (FDR) below 0.05. IPA analysis unveiled that TNIK depletion leads to the inhibition of the interferon (IFN) pathway [-log (

SUMMARY: Our findings suggest that …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Different Cut-Off Values Of Adenosine Deaminase Levels In Tuberculous Pleural Effusion, Kiran Iqbal Masood, Shayan Shahid, Kauser Jabeen, Joveria Farooqi, Sabeika Raza Kerawala, Muhammad Irfan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of different cut-off values of pleural fluid adenosine deaminase levels as a diagnostic method for tuberculous pleural effusion.
Method: The prospective study was conducted from 2014 to 2016 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised pleural fluid samples of adult patients with and without tuberculosis which were tested for adenosine deaminase levels, and divided into tuberculosis group A and non-tuberculosis group B. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were calculated using different cut-offs. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 21.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, …

Protein S In Coagulation And Inflammation, Martha Mega Silvia Sim

Theses and Dissertations--Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry

Protein S (PS) is a key regulator, which links inflammation and coagulation and performs multiple proposed functions in both processes. PS exists in the blood as a free soluble form (~40%), bound to complement component 4b-binding protein/ C4BP (~60%), and packaged in platelet α-granules (~2.5%). Subendothelial tissue factor (TF), upon exposure to blood, initiates coagulation, a proteolytic cascade which results in the activation of thrombin, the enzyme responsible for formation of a fibrin clot. PS is a critical anticoagulant that inhibits multiple steps of this process. Only the free fraction of PS has full anticoagulant properties, as C4BP blocks this …

Early-Phase Drive To The Precursor Pool: Chloroviruses Dive Into The Deep End Of Nucleotide Metabolism, David Dunigan, Irina Agarkova, Ahmed Esmael, Sophie Alvarez, James L. Van Etten

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Viruses face many challenges on their road to successful replication, and they meet those challenges by reprogramming the intracellular environment. Two major issues challenging Paramecium bursaria chlorella virus 1 (PBCV-1, genus Chlorovirus, family Phycodnaviridae) at the level of DNA replication are (i) the host cell has a DNA G+C content of 66%, while the virus is 40%; and (ii) the initial quantity of DNA in the haploid host cell is approximately 50 fg, yet the virus will make approximately 350 fg of DNA within hours of infection to produce approximately 1000 virions per cell. Thus, the quality and quantity of …

The Persistence And Stabilization Of Auxiliary Genes In The Human Skin Virome, Ema H. Graham, Wesley A. Tom, Alison C. Neujahr, Michael Adamowicz, Jennifer Clarke, Joshua R. Herr, Samodha C. Fernando

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background The human skin contains a diverse microbiome that provides protective functions against environmental pathogens. Studies have demonstrated that bacteriophages modulate bacterial community composition and facilitate the transfer of host-specific genes, potentially influencing host cellular functions. However, little is known about the human skin virome and its role in human health. Especially, how viral-host relationships influence skin microbiome structure and function is poorly understood.

Results Population dynamics and genetic diversity of bacteriophage communities in viral metagenomic data collected from three anatomical skin locations from 60 subjects at five different time points revealed that cutaneous bacteriophage populations are mainly composed of …

The Epidemiology Of Cephalosporin Allergy Labels In Pediatric Primary Care, Torsten Joerger, Margaret G Taylor, Debra L Palazzi, Jeffrey S Gerber

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have sought to understand the epidemiology and impact of beta-lactam allergy labels on children; however, most of these studies have focused on penicillin allergy labels. Fewer studies assess cephalosporin antibiotic allergy labels in children. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, factors associated with, and impact of cephalosporin allergy labels in children cared for in the primary care setting.

METHODS: Cephalosporin allergy labels were reviewed among children in a dual center, retrospective, birth cohort who were born between 2010 and 2020 and followed in 90 pediatric primary care practices. Antibiotic prescriptions for acute otitis …

The Effect Of An Educational Handout On Knowledge, Awareness And Attitudes Of Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (Prep) Among Participants At A Needle And Syringe Exchange Site, Mckenzie Buckel

DNP Projects

Background: In 2018, the total number of HIV cases in the United States was 1.2 million. Almost 186,500 of these cases were attributed to intravenous drug use. With the adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) there is approximately a 49% decrease in the rates of HIV among people who inject drugs and the most significant barrier to PrEP among this population is a lack of awareness and knowledge.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine participants’ of a needle and syringe exchange site knowledge, awareness and attitudes of PrEP after reviewing an educational handout about PrEP.

Methods: A quasi …