Medical Specialties Commons^™

Surprisingly Low Levels Of Measles Immunity In Persons With Hiv: A Seroprevalence Survey In A United States Hiv Clinic, Lindsey Rearigh, Jennifer O'Neill, Maureen Kubat, Harlan Sayles, Susan Swindells, Sara Bares

Journal Articles: Infectious Diseases

Background: Measles outbreaks have become increasingly common due to deteriorating vaccination rates, fluctuating herd immunity, and varying antibody decline. Limited knowledge exists regarding prevalence and risk factors associated with measles seronegativity among persons with HIV (PWH).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic HIV clinic in Omaha, Nebraska. Participants were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through electronic medical record review. Simple and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for measles seronegativity.

Results: Three hundred fifty-one participants were enrolled, with a measles seroprevalence rate of 70.3%. …

Vitamin D In Covid-19 Pneumonia: High Yield With Low Risk, Shahan Waheed, Emaduddin Siddiqui

Department of Emergency Medicine

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Delayed Treatment Of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria On Progression To Severe Malaria: A Systematic Review And A Pooled Multicenter Individual-Patient Meta-Analysis, Andria Mousa, Abdullah Al-Taiar, Nicholas Anstey, Cyril Badaut, Bridget Barber, Quique Bassat, Joseph Challenger, Aubrey Cunnington, Dibyadyuti Datta, Robert Opoka

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Delay in receiving treatment for uncomplicated malaria (UM) is often reported to increase the risk of developing severe malaria (SM), but access to treatment remains low in most high-burden areas. Understanding the contribution of treatment delay on progression to severe disease is critical to determine how quickly patients need to receive treatment and to quantify the impact of widely implemented treatment interventions, such as 'test-and-treat' policies administered by community health workers (CHWs). We conducted a pooled individual-participant meta-analysis to estimate the association between treatment delay and presenting with SM.

Methods and findings: A search using Ovid MEDLINE and …

Development And Interim Analysis Of A Cystic Fibrosis-Specific Antibiogram, Claire Elson, Ellen Meier, Douglas Swanson, Rangaraj Selvarangan, Megan Gripka, Christopher M. Oermann

Posters

Antimicrobial therapy is essential to treat cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infections. Empiric antimicrobial selection is generally based on previous culture information and, if available, an institution-specific antibiogram (ABGM). Most institutions antibiograms exclude cultures from individuals with cystic fibrosis, imposing challenges with empiric antimicrobial selection and monitoring susceptibility patterns over time. A cystic fibrosis-specific antibiogram may help drive population-specific antimicrobial selection and improve antimicrobial stewardship.

Implications Of Covid-19 In High Burden Countries For Hiv/Tb: A Systematic Review Of Evidence, Jacques L. Tamuzi, Birhanu T. Ayele, Constance Shumba, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Jeannine Uwimana-Nicol, Zelalem T. Haile, Joseph Inugu, Peter S. Nyasulu

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

Background: The triple burden of COVID-19, tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus is one of the major global health challenges of the twenty-first century. In high burden HIV/TB countries, the spread of COVID-19 among people living with HIV is a well-founded concern. A thorough understanding of HIV/TB and COVID-19 pandemics is important as the three diseases interact. This may clarify HIV/TB/COVID-19 as a newly related field. However, several gaps remain in the knowledge of the burden of COVID-19 on patients with TB and HIV. This study was conducted to review different studies on SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV or COVID-19 associated with HIV/TB co-infection …

Policies And Practices Of Shea Research Network Hospitals During The Covid-19 Pandemic., Michael S. Calderwood, Valerie M. Deloney, Deverick J. Anderson, Vincent Chi-Chung Cheng, Shruti Gohil, Jennie H. Kwon, Lona Mody, Elizabeth Monsees, Valerie M. Vaughn, Timothy L. Wiemken, Matthew J. Ziegler, Eric Lofgren

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

To understand hospital policies and practices as the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated, the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) conducted a survey through the SHEA Research Network (SRN). The survey assessed policies and practices around the optimization of personal protection equipment (PPE), testing, healthcare personnel policies, visitors of COVID-19 patients in relation to procedures, and types of patients. Overall, 69 individual healthcare facilities responded in the United States and internationally, for a 73% response rate.

Complex Reconstruction After Extreme Fournier’S Gangrene; A Case Report, Serban Dumitrache, Leonida A. Goman, Raluca Dutu, Raluca Capatina, Carmen Giuglea, Dan M. Enescu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

In this article we present a severe case of Fournier's gangrene (FG) that affected a 64-year-old male patient, with no other known comorbidities. FG is a type of necrotizing fasciitis of the perineal and genital regions, that affects mostly males in the 5th-7th decades, with mortality rates that reach 70%. The infection usually advances through the superficial fascial layers of the perineum and abdomen and affects the skin. In our case the infection also affected the spermatic fasciae and advanced in the abdominal and pelvic cavities, abdominal muscles, and surrounding soft tissues. Subsequent debridement left the patient with large soft …

Covid-19 Outbreak Impact On Plastic Surgery Residents From Romania, Cristina N. Marina, Daniela E. Gheoca-Mutu, Laura Răducu, Adelaida Avino, Lăcrămioara A. Brîndușe, Corina M. Stefan, Razvan V. Scaunasu, Cristian R. Jecan

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The COVID-19 outbreak triggered a global crisis with long-term effects on people’s daily lives. It has altered surgical practice and education and imposed major changes in healthcare systems and resources. In order to analyze the impact the COVID-19 pandemic has had on Romanian Plastic Surgery residents, we carried out an anonymous questionnaire through Google forms. Survey items addressed aspects such as how the pandemic has affected their surgical practice, their exposure to the virus, and the protective measures that have been implemented to minimize risk. Among other results, our study found that nearly 1 in 5 respondents had contact with …

Work Place Impact On Mental Wellbeing Of Frontline Doctors, Vishnupriya Veeraraghavan, Krishnan Srinivasan

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19, also known as 2019-nCoV), a cluster of acute respiratory illness with unknown causes, has occurred in India since January 2020. Over the past several months, the entire world is struggling to cope with and contain the virus spread. Several studies showed that mental health problems could occur in both healthcare workers and SARS survivors during the SARS epidemic. Considering the geographical variation, dense population, multi-strata health care structure, and rising COVID cases in South India, we have a reason to speculate that the burden on the frontline doctors is high and their psychological condition …

Assessing Test Anxiety And Resilience Among Greek Adolescents During Covid-19 Pandemic, Sofia Sakka, Vasiliki Aliki Nikopoulou, Eleni Bonti, Paraskevi Tatsiopoulou, Panayiota Karamouzi, Aikaterini Giazkoulidou, Virginia Tsipropoulou, Eleni Parlapani, Vasiliki Holeva, Ioannis Diakogiannis

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The aim of the present study was to explore the impact of school year’s extension due to the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) by addressing test anxiety and by studying the coping strategies adolescents used to overcome it. For the majority of the adolescents the final exams can be a powerful source of stress, since the entrance examinations are required for admission into higher education and further reflect the transition to adulthood. The sample consisted of 67 High School students and the data collection was conducted online due to the imposed measures by the Greek government. Results showed normal or average levels …

Intestinal Microbiota – A Possible Contributor To Cardiovascular Diseases?, Roua Iorga, Ovidiu Gabriel Bratu, Nicolae Bacalbasa, Mihnea-Alexandru Gaman, Camelia Cristina Diaconu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

The intestinal microbiota represents an interesting and emergent field of research, with already known implications in metabolic and immunological functions. Recently, there is increasing evidence that specific gut microbial populations are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Numerous completed and ongoing studies aim to evaluate the potential of intestinal microbiota assessment to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and therapeutic arsenal of cardiovascular diseases, considering dysbiosis as a cardiovascular risk factor. There is strong evidence for a correlation between intestinal flora imbalance and metabolic changes secondary to bacterial metabolites. In this minireview, we discuss recent data about the connections between intestinal microbiota and cardiovascular …

Composition And Modification Of The Lung Microbiome In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis, Victoria Maria Ruta, Teodora Gabriela Alexescu, Ana Rodica Ungur, Milena Adina Man, Victoria Georgiana Sfirlea, Iulia Olimpia Pfingstgraf, Nicoleta Motoc, Carmen Monica Pop

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Lungs have long been considered sterile, but recent research has shown that a large number of microbiological organisms exist in the lungs of healthy subjects (including bacteria, fungi, and viruses), collectively known as the microbiome. It undergoes changes in patients with respiratory pathology. Studies in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis show that a large number of bacteria or the abundant presence of potentially pathogenic bacteria can cause disease progression and exacerbation, and can implicitly increase mortality. There seems to be a quantitative balance, a well-established proportion between the components of this microbiome, which is disturbed during a disease and can reach a …

Hepatitis C Virus: Host, Environmental And Viral Factors Promoting Spontaneous Clearance, Sergiu Ioan Micu, Marilena Musat, Andrada Dumitru, Dan Nicolae Paduraru, Anca Rogoveanu, Anca Dumitriu, Stana Paunica, Cristian Balalau, Roxana Emanuela Popoiag

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a pathogenic entity which determines inflammation and liver damage through complex immune mechanisms. Although progress has been made in managing the disease course, chronic infection still remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality to this day. Because both acute and chronic infection are often asymptomatic, chronic infection is frequently diagnosed when its complications have developed. In a small proportion of cases, the chronic infection does not develop, the immune system managing to cleanse the body from this silent pathogen in the absence of specific treatment, a process called spontaneous viral clearance, which occurs rarely, …

A Functional K+ Channel From Tetraselmis Virus 1, A Member Of The Mimiviridae, Kerri Kukovetz, Brigitte Hertel, Christopher R. Schvarcz, Andrea Saponaro, Mirja Manthey, Ulrike Burk, Timo Greiner, Grieg F. Steward, James L. Van Etten, Anna Moroni, Gerhard Thiel, Oliver Rauh

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Potassium ion (K+) channels have been observed in diverse viruses that infect eukaryotic marine and freshwater algae. However, experimental evidence for functional K+ channels among these alga-infecting viruses has thus far been restricted to members of the family Phycodnaviridae, which are large, double-stranded DNA viruses within the phylum Nucleocytoviricota. Recent sequencing projects revealed that alga-infecting members of Mimiviridae, another family within this phylum, may also contain genes encoding K+ channels. Here we examine the structural features and the functional properties of putative K+ channels from four cultivated members of Mimiviridae. While all four proteins contain variations …

A Case Of Streptococcal Surgical Site Infection Following Mohs Surgery, Kami B Lowery, John J Kohorst, C Helen Malone, Ikue Shimizu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Group A β-hemolytic Streptococcal (GAS) cellulitis is an uncommon surgical site infection that presents with rapid onset of pain and swelling in the first few days after a procedure. Unlike staphylococcal cellulitis, GAS cellulitis lacks purulence and spreading erythema. The absence of these classic signs may delay the diagnosis of GAS cellulitis and lead to severe complications. We present the case of an immunosuppressed 49-year-old patient who developed swelling and severe pain at his incision site two days after undergoing Mohs micrographic surgery on his forehead. He was clinically diagnosed with GAS cellulitis and recovered with intravenous antibiotics. Unfortunately, there …

Case Report: Tocilizumab For The Treatment Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection In A Patient With Aplastic Anemia, Gina Keiffer, Zach French, Lindsay Wilde, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara, Usama Gergis, Adam Binder

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

While cytokine storm develops in a minority of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, novel treatment approaches are desperately needed for those in whom it does. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antibody, has been utilized for the treatment of cytokine storm in a number of severe inflammatory conditions, including in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we present the first published case utilizing this therapy in a patient with underlying immunodeficiency. Our patient with aplastic anemia developed cytokine storm due to COVID-19 manifested by fever, severe hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, and elevated inflammatory markers. Following treatment …

C. Blind Taste Testing: A Case Study Of An Emergency Room Rn With Covid-19 Anosmia & Hypogeusia (Loss Of Smell & Taste), Marietta Sperry, Kimberly Kohlieber

Year of the Nurse: Clinical Scholarship Presentations

No abstract provided.

A. Keynote: Broadcasting Stress In The Covid-19 Pandemic: Media, Collective Trauma, & Well-Being, E. Alison Holman (Invited Keynote Speaker)

Year of the Nurse: Clinical Scholarship Presentations

No abstract provided.

B. The Effects Of The Safety Zone Process On Perception Of Safety, Workflow, Wellbeing And Teamwork When Caring For Covid-19 Patients, Claudia Skinner

Year of the Nurse: Clinical Scholarship Presentations

No abstract provided.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 2, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Collins, Michael. Rough Start – COVID-19
• Thornton, Maggie. What a WKU Student Learned from Her Experience with COVID-19
• Harkreader, Dylan & Debra Murray. Programs That Rely On Hands-on Learning Adapt to Virtual Courses
• Meyer-Thornton, Zane. Keep It Going
• Hurst, Courtney, Robin Lester & Trenton Peyton. What Is Intercultural Student Engagement Center?
• Sisler, Julie. WKU Grad Student: It’s On the Administration, Not the Students
• Kieser, Nick. Football Takes Precautions to Kick Off Season COVID-Free
• Warner, Casey: Setting Up – Football
• Gaylord, Kaden. Making It Safe to …

Ppe Compliance And Knowledge Among Healthcare Staff, Beatrice Hagert, Nicole Krummel

Nursing DNP Projects

Abstract

Problem: One of the most important steps in infection prevention is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect patients and staff from infectious agents; yet, research indicates that PPE compliance remains suboptimal in many healthcare institutions.

Purpose: To identify the effect of a multidisciplinary education campaign on PPE compliance and knowledge among healthcare workers (HCWs) on a rehabilitation unit of a large, midwestern teaching hospital.

Methods: This project utilized pre-intervention observational audits and a survey to determine baseline PPE compliance and knowledge on the piloted units. A post-intervention survey was sent to HCW to assess for a …

Defining The Proteolytic Landscape During Enterovirus Infection., Mohsan Saeed, Sebastian Kapell, Nicholas T Hertz, Xianfang Wu, Kierstin Bell, Alison W Ashbrook, Milica Tesic Mark, Henry A Zebroski, Maxwell L Neal, Malin Flodström-Tullberg, Margaret R Macdonald, John D Aitchison, Henrik Molina, Charles M Rice

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

Viruses cleave cellular proteins to remodel the host proteome. The study of these cleavages has revealed mechanisms of immune evasion, resource exploitation, and pathogenesis. However, the full extent of virus-induced proteolysis in infected cells is unknown, mainly because until recently the technology for a global view of proteolysis within cells was lacking. Here, we report the first comprehensive catalog of proteins cleaved upon enterovirus infection and identify the sites within proteins where the cleavages occur. We employed multiple strategies to confirm protein cleavages and assigned them to one of the two enteroviral proteases. Detailed characterization of one substrate, LSM14A, a …

Postinfectious Cerebellar Syndrome With Paraneoplastic Antibodies: An Association Or Coincidence?, Sajid Hameed, Mukesh Kumar, Pal Satyajit Singh Athwal, Sukhmanii Kahlon, Nimit Dalal

Section of Neurology

Cerebellar ataxia has a very broad differential diagnosis in adults, including paraneoplastic and postinfectious etiologies. We report a case of a 56-year-old male presented with right-sided cerebellar dysfunction preceded by fever and headache. He was diagnosed with subacute postinfectious cerebellar ataxia. Blood serology showed the presence of anti-amphiphysin and anti-Ri (ANNA-2, antineuronal nuclear autoantibody type 2) antibodies, which have a known association with cerebellar syndrome. The patient subsequently improved with the steroids. Although no evidence of an underlying tumor was found in the patient, the presence of the paraneoplastic antibodies remains a mystery. We suggest a probable association of these …

A Novel Methodology To Identify The Primary Topics Contained Within The Covid-19 Research Corpus, Allen Crane, Brock Freidrich, William Fehlman, Igor Frolow, Daniel W. Engels

SMU Data Science Review

In this paper, we present a novel framework and system for the identification of primary research topics from within a corpus of related publications, the classification of individual publications according to these topics, and the results of the application of our framework and system to the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19). CORD-19 is a corpus of published peer reviewed and pre-peer reviewed articles related to the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. Using machine learning techniques, such as Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Natural Language Processing and a Bayesian classifier, we developed a novel framework and system that automatically extracts sparse and meaningful …

Gaining A “Foothold” On The Diagnosis Of Leishmaniasis, Brent M. Troy, Rebecca Hart, Navjyot Vidwan, Bethany Hodge

Journal of Refugee & Global Health

Pediatric refugees and immigrants may present with unusual diagnoses due to their extensive migration and potential harsh conditions in travel. Trauma and family separation add to the difficulty of obtaining a history of exposures. We report a case of one of the more commonly neglected tropical diseases, Leishmaniasis. A 15-year-old male refugee patient presented to the hospital with ulcerative lesions to his legs. His migration history was extensive, starting in Central Africa with travel to South America, followed by migration through Central America to Texas. The patient developed ulcerative lesions on his legs, and he was brought to the children’s …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 1, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Rash, Liza. Math Department Head Makes a Shocking Model Regarding Potential Campus COVID-19 Death Rate
• Bertucci, Leo. WKU Introduces COVID-19 Testing to Campus Community
• Marshall, Olivia. How Students Can Navigate Campus Facilities This Semester
• Bunton, Gabrielle. Campus Organizations Prepare to Engage Students Amid COVID Restrictions
• Deppen, Laurel. On-campus Students Who Contract COVID to be Moved to New Location to Quarantine
• Stack, Madalyn. Editorial Cartoon re: Social Distancing
• College of Health & Human Services Should Have Been More Involved in Restart Committee
• Deppen, Laurel. From the …

Hamman-Rich Syndrome: A Diagnosis Of Exclusion In The Covid-19 Pandemic., Qian Zhang, Ahmad Raza, Vincent Chan, Artem Minalyan, John Madara, Md

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

Hamman-Rich syndrome is a rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease with acute respiratory distress syndrome physiology. It carries a grave prognosis and a high early mortality rate. It is often distinguished from other similar pulmonary pathologies based on the clinical course, laboratory findings, bronchoalveolar lavage testing, and pathology report. We detail a 77-year-old lady with no prior pulmonary disease, smoking history, or occupational and environmental exposures present to the emergency department found to be in acute hypoxic respiratory failure with impressive progressive radiographic findings. The presumptive diagnosis of Hamman-Rich syndrome was made based on a combination of factors after ruling out …

The Great Flood: An Exploration Of Fluid Resuscitation In Sepsis, Adam Olsson

Theses and Graduate Projects

Sepsis and septic shock continue to be major causes of in-hospital mortality. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared sepsis as a global health top priority as of 2017. To combat sepsis mortality, the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) released the first set of guidelines in 2004 and continues to publish treatment guidelines, updating the guidelines every four years based on emerging evidence. The 2018 update to the 2016 guidelines contains an Hour-1 Bundle released by the SSC, which includes a rapid infusion of a 30 ml/kg fluid bolus as a strong recommendation with low quality evidence. Recently, studies have challenged this …

Pediatric Sjs-Ten: Where Are We Now?, Michele Ramien, Jennifer Goldman

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are rare severe blistering skin reactions triggered by medications or infections. Over the last 5 to 10 years, a number of important publications have advanced understanding of these diseases and their response to treatment. Importantly, a subset of patients with disease triggered by infection has been identified as having Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced rash and mucositis, suggesting a reconsideration of the diagnostic paradigm. We present an update on pediatric Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in the broader context of cutaneous adverse drug reactions and focus on challenges and recent advances in diagnosis, management, and prevention.

Is This Really Happening? Family-Centered Care During Covid-19: People Before Policy, Terri Savino, Karri Crispino

Patient Experience Journal

In the middle of a global pandemic, hospitals created policies for visitor restrictions to reduce the transmission of coronavirus to protect patients and staff and developed protocols allowing only one support person to call the critical care unit for patient updates. Late on a Tuesday afternoon, the Manager of Patient Experience received a phone call asking her to call Karri, the wife of one of our patients who was on a ventilator. Karri was struggling with updating her mother-in-law because she was very upset with the news she received, making it difficult to call her husband’s mom. Karri asked the …