Medical Toxicology Commons^™

Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation Reported To The North American Snakebite Registry, Joshua Unger, Spencer Greene

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Isolated Clonidine Ingestions In Pediatric Patients, Spencer Greene, Caleb King, Sharan Campleman

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Toxicity Following Antiemetic Ingestions Reported To The Toxicology Investigators Consortium Core Registry, Jacob Fisher, Spencer Greene, Sharan Campleman

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Medical Toxicology: A Safety Net For Snakebite Victims, Braden Capt, George Warpinski, Sharan Campleman, Anne-Michelle Ruha, Spencer Greene

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Day 2026

No abstract provided.

Thyroid Storm At Sea: A Case Report Of Algae-Induced Thyrotoxicosis, Alynna Knaub, Amanda Cecchini, John Janousek, Laura Strojny, Jairo Noreña, Zachary Pawlikowski

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Iodine-induced thyrotoxicosis (IIT), also known as the Jod-Basedow phenomenon, is a rare yet recognized cause of hyperthyroidism. While iodinated contrast is the most frequent trigger, iodine-rich supplements such as seaweed products or supplements can also precipitate thyrotoxicosis, particularly in individuals with prior chronic iodine deficiency or preexisting thyroid nodular disease. We present a case of thyroid storm following short-term ingestion of Irish sea moss as part of a “crash diet.” A 37-year-old woman with type 1 diabetes mellitus, well controlled on subcutaneous insulin therapy, presented with nausea and vomiting after 6 days of following a restrictive diet consisting solely of …

Zonal Hepatocellular Responses To Acute Ethanol: Impacts On Mitochondrial Function And Metabolism, Matthew T. Savoca

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Background: Ethanol (EtOH) consumption causes hepatocellular mitochondrial depolarization (mtDepo) and mitophagy. Here, the Aims were to develop techniques to characterize sublobular hepatocellular metabolism and the distribution of mtDepo and mitophagy after acute EtOH. Methods: Wildtype and GFP-LC3 transgenic mice were treated with EtOH or vehicle and administered the covalently labeling mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ) reporter, MitoTracker Red (MTR), and/or the non-covalent ΔΨ reporter, rhodamine 123 (Rh123), prior to intravital imaging, liver fixation, or hepatocyte isolation. After in vivo MTR, hepatocytes were isolated and sorted. Enrichment in E-cadherin (ECAD) and cytochrome P4502E1 in periportal (PP) and pericentral (PC) hepatocytes, respectively, validated …

Communities Disproportionately Affected By Carbon Monoxide Exposure After Winter Storm Uri, Elyse N Portillo, Casandra Quiñones, Zachary C Foughty, Ryan Ramphul, Asha T Morrow, Kathryn Fisher, Stephen A Harding, Elizabeth A Camp, Shubhada Hooli, Eric A Russell

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Extreme cold in February 2021 precipitated prolonged power failure in Texas. In Houston, many patients presented for carbon monoxide exposure from neighborhoods with lower per capita income, higher rates of limited English proficiency, and greater median Social Vulnerability Indices than Greater Houston. Weather-related disasters disproportionately affect socially vulnerable communities.

Sers Of Human Red Blood Cells In Non-Resonant Conditions: Benefits, Limitations, And Complementary Tools (Cytoviva And Gfaas), Kelsey L. Wells, Praveen K. Alla, Kyra G. Kaiser, Ioana T. Murgulet, Norma C. Adragna, Ioana E. Pavel

Pharmacology and Toxicology Faculty Publications

Herein, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopies (SERS) were successfully employed to establish the chemical interactions of citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs, 10–15 nm) with human red blood cells (RBCs). The Raman/SERS spectra offered spectral evidence for the cellular uptake of AgNPs and the subsequent change in the conformation of the most abundant component, hemoglobin (Hb), from oxyhemoglobin to deoxyhemoglobin. The spectral characterization of AgNPs’ interactions with other RBC biomarkers (membrane proteins and lipids) was impeded by the dominant Hb bands, even for non-resonant Hb conditions. CytoViva hyperspectral imaging and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) served as complementary tools to effectively …

Accidental Organophosphate Poisoning: A Case Series Of 2 Pediatric Coumaphos Exposures, Justin A Seltzer, Sarah Friedland, Nathan A Friedman, Garret A Winkler, Emily Foreman, Yousef Al Mubarak, Brent Buccine, Branden Engorn, Allyson Kreshak, Alicia Minns, Christian A Tomaszewski, Daniel R Lasoff, Richard F Clark

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric organophosphate insecticide poisonings are rare in the United States, and life-threatening toxicity is rarely seen. We report 2 accidental ingestions of the organophosphate insecticide coumaphos that resulted in life-threatening symptoms.

CASE REPORTS: A 7-year-old boy and 10-year-old girl both presented from home after accidental ingestion of 1 "spoonful" of coumaphos 20% liquid (Asuntol; Bayer de Mexico, S.A. de C.V., Mexico D.F., Mexico). There were no other known ingestions. Both became rapidly symptomatic, with the boy developing dyspnea, vomiting, and depressed mental status and the girl developing headache and nausea. Soon afterward, the boy had witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest and …

The Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Is Necessary For Long-Term Synaptic Depression In Aplysia, Jennifer S Love, Dana L Karshenas, Meghan B Spyres, Lynn A Farrugia, A Min Kang, Hoanvu Nguyen, Sharan L Campleman, Shao Li, Paul M Wax, Jeffery Brent, Kim Aldy, Toxicology Investigators Consortium Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The Toxicology Investigators Consortium (ToxIC) Core Registry was established by the American College of Medical Toxicology in 2010. The Core Registry collects data from participating sites with the agreement that all bedside and telehealth medical toxicology consultations will be entered. This twelfth annual report summarizes the registry's 2021 data and activity with its additional 8552 cases. Cases were identified for inclusion in this report by a query of the ToxIC database for any case entered from January 1 to December 31, 2021. Detailed data was collected from these cases and aggregated to provide information, which included demographics, reason for medical …

The Intersection Between Toxicology And Aging Research: A Toxic Aging Coin Perspective., John P. Wise Jr.

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

We are imminently faced with the challenges of an increasingly aging population and longer lifespans due to improved health care. Concomitantly, we are faced with ubiquitous environmental pollution linked with various health effects and age-related diseases which contribute to increased morbidity with age. Geriatric populations are rarely considered in the development of environmental regulations or in toxicology research. Today, life expectancy is often into one’s 80s or beyond, which means multiple decades living as a geriatric individual. Hence, adverse health effects and late-onset diseases might be due to environmental exposures as a geriatric, and we currently have no way of …

Spatial Analysis Of Drug Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, And Toxicology Using Mass Spectrometry Imaging, Michelle L Spruill, Mirjana Maletic-Savatic, Howard Martin, Feng Li, Xinli Liu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is emerging as a powerful analytical tool for detection, quantification, and simultaneous spatial molecular imaging of endogenous and exogenous molecules via in situ mass spectrometry analysis of thin tissue sections without the requirement of chemical labeling. The MSI generates chemically specific and spatially resolved ion distribution information for administered drugs and metabolites, which allows numerous applications for studies involving various stages of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET). MSI-based pharmacokinetic imaging analysis provides a histological context and cellular environment regarding dynamic drug distribution and metabolism processes, and facilitates the understanding of the spatial pharmacokinetics …

Comparative Metabolism Of Aflatoxin B1 In Two Quail Genera Coturnix Japonica And Callipepla Californica, Sean Moody

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely sensitive, due to a combination of highly-efficient hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated bioactivation, and to dysfunctional alpha-class glutathione S-transferases (GSTAs) which typically detoxify the bioactivated electrophilic metabolite exo-AFB₁-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Wild turkeys are relatively resistant to AFB₁ in large part due to expression of functional GSTAs. Quail, a related Galliforme, are slightly less sensitive in vivo to AFB₁, but whether this is related to the hepatic metabolic profiles of these two critical enzymes has not been rigorously evaluated. …

Elixir And Toxicology: A Community In Development, Marvin Martens, Rob Stierum, Emma L Schymanski, Chris T Evelo, Reza Aalizadeh, Hristo Aladjov, Kasia Arturi, Karine Audouze, Pavel Babica, Karel Berka, Jos Bessems, Ludek Blaha, Evan E Bolton, Montserrat Cases, Dimitrios Ε Damalas, Kirtan Dave, Marco Dilger, Thomas Exner, Daan P Geerke, Roland Grafström, Alasdair Gray, John M Hancock, Henner Hollert, Nina Jeliazkova, Danyel Jennen, Fabien Jourdan, Pascal Kahlem, Jana Klanova, Jos Kleinjans, Todor Kondic, Boï Kone, Iseult Lynch, Uko Maran, Sergio Martinez Cuesta, Hervé Ménager, Steffen Neumann, Penny Nymark, Herbert Oberacher, Noelia Ramirez, Sylvie Remy, Philippe Rocca-Serra, Reza M Salek, Brett Sallach, Susanna-Assunta Sansone, Ferran Sanz, Haralambos Sarimveis, Sirarat Sarntivijai, Tobias Schulze, Jaroslav Slobodnik, Ola Spjuth, Jonathan Tedds, Nikolaos Thomaidis, Ralf J M Weber, Gerard J P Van Westen, Craig E Wheelock, Antony J Williams, Hilda Witters, Barbara Zdrazil, Anže Županič, Egon L Willighagen

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the …

Investigation Of Postmortem Methamphetamine Cases Submitted To The New York City Office Of Chief Medical Examiner, Isaiah Jewell

Student Theses

Methamphetamine (N-methylamphetamine) is a central nervous system stimulant (CNS) and sympathomimetic drug with a high addiction potential. In the United States, there has been a significant increase in the presence of methamphetamine in recent years, specifically in the Northeastern region of the country. The New York City Office of Chief Medical Examiner (NYC-OCME) postmortem methamphetamine casework from 2018 and 2019 was analyzed and revealed that the presence of the drug increased drastically within a span of one year, jumping from 65 cases in 2018 to 99 cases in 2019. Males were overwhelmingly responsible for much of the casework, taking up …

A Case Report Of Water Hemlock Poisoning, Blue Butterfield, Alicia Bond Md, Dan Meyer, Gary Diperna, Tamas Peredy Md

Journal of Maine Medical Center

Introduction: Water hemlock poisoning is an uncommon cause of seizures, gastrointestinal upset, and renal failure. This poisoning occurs infrequency and is likely to go unrecognized without a proper history and consideration in the differential diagnosis.

Clinical Findings: A 23-year-old male with an unremarkable past medical history presented to the emergency department after being found unresponsive at a farm where he was employed. He had several tonic-clonic seizures en route. Initial evaluation was unremarkable and included toxicology screening, lumbar puncture, and brain imaging.

Main diagnoses, therapeutics, interventions, and outcomes: The patient was treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and antivirals with a suspected …

Maternal Engineered Nanomaterial Inhalation During Gestation Alters The Fetal Transcriptome, P.A. Stapleton, Q.A. Hathaway, C.E. Nichols, A.B. Abukabda, M.V. Pinti, D.L. Shepherd, C.R. Mcbride, J. Yi, V.C. Castranova, J.M Hollander, Timothy Robert Nurkiewicz

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background: The integration of engineered nanomaterials (ENM) is well-established and widespread in clinical, commercial, and domestic applications. Cardiovascular dysfunctions have been reported in adult populations after exposure to a variety of ENM. As the diversity of these exposures continues to increase, the fetal ramifications of maternal exposures have yet to be determined. We, and others, have explored the consequences of ENM inhalation during gestation and identified many cardiovascular and metabolic outcomes in the F1 generation. The purpose of these studies was to identify genetic alterations in the F1 generation of Sprague-Dawley rats that result from maternal ENM inhalation during gestation. …

The Association Between Environmental Cadmium Exposure And All-Cause Mortality And Cardiovascular Disease In A Cohort Of Elderly Western Australian Women, Kane Deering

Theses : Honours

Introduction: Recent research suggests an association between environmental cadmium exposure and increased risk of, and death from, cardiovascular disease, the number one cause of mortality in Australia and worldwide. However, the research to date is neither comprehensive nor have there been any studies conducted on an Australian population. This study identified whether increasing concentrations of urinary cadmium in elderly West Australian women was associated with an increased odds of incidence of, and deaths from CVD, as well as all-cause mortality.

Method: Cadmium excretion was measured in urine samples collected at baseline (1998) from 1359 women from Perth who …

Assessing The Relationship Between The Blood-Air Partition Coefficient And Fractional Uptake Of Inspired Halothane, Acetone, And Ethanol Vapors In The Airways Of The C57bl/6j Mouse, Joshua Baruch Baldino

Honors Scholar Theses

The following series of studies investigates the elimination and uptake trends of halothane, acetone, and ethanol vapors in the airways of C57BL/6J mice. These vapors were chosen because they span a wide range of solubilities, as indicated by their blood-air partition coefficients, and are not associated with any significant airway metabolism or reactivity with tissue substrates in vivo. Mice were exposed to a homogeneous vapor mixture containing a 1:1:1 ratio of halothane, acetone, and ethanol at relative concentrations of approximately 10 ppm. Exposure studies were performed with mice in two states, conscious and deceased, in order to provide control …

Review Of The Toxicology Of Chlorpyrifos With An Emphasis On Human Exposure And Neurodevelopment, Robert B. Daroff

Faculty Scholarship

This review examines the large body of toxicological and epidemiological information on human exposures to chlorpyrifos, with an emphasis on the controversial potential for chlorpyrifos to induce neurodevelopmental effects at low doses. The results of this review demonstrate that the use of urinary 3,5,6-trichlorpyridinol (TCPy), a metabolite of chlorpyrifos as a biomarker of nonoccupational exposure is problematic and may overestimate nonoccupational exposures to chlorpyrifos by 10-to 20-fold because of the widespread presence of both TCPy and chlorpyrifos-methyl in the food supply. Current "background" (nonoccupational) levels of exposure to chlorpyrifos are several orders of magnitude lower than those required to inhibit …

A Mechanistic Study Of The Protective Effects Of S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine Against Hepatotoxicity Of Acetaminophen, Marcus V. Terneus Jr.

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Hepatic toxicity is known to be associated with excessive doses of the over-the-counter analgesic, acetaminophen (APAP). APAP overdose is the leading cause of drug-induced liver failure in the United States. APAP hepatotoxicity is dependent on the biotransformation of APAP by cytochrome P450 to the toxic metabolite, N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI). APAP, when taken in excessive doses, can lead to severe liver damage with the potential to progress to liver failure. Despite substantial efforts in past studies, the mechanism by which APAP induces such damaging effects is not completely understood. Recent discoveries suggest that glutathione (GSH) depletion, protein alkylation and reactive metabolite …

Policy For Identifying And Assessing The Health Risks Of Toxic Substances, Maine Bureau Of Health

Maine Collection

Policy for Identifying and Assessing the Health Risks of Toxic Substances

by Norman T. Anderson, Environmental Toxicology Program, Division of Disease Control, Bureau of Health (February, 1988).

Contents: Section I: Introduction / Section II: Methods / Section III: Exposure Assessment / Section IV: Hazard Identification / Section V: Hazard Assessment / Section VI: Risk Characterization / List of Figures / List of Tables