Medical Nutrition Commons^™

Food As Medicine: Effects Of A Culinary Medicine Food-Demonstration On Medical Students' Nutrition Knowledge, Confidence, And Satisfaction: An Exploratory Pilot Non-Randomized Pre-Post Intervention Study., Niayesh Mardmomen, Cyrus Fatemi, Olivia K Smith, Michael B. Roberts, Farzaneh Daghigh

PCOM Scholarly Works

Background: Diet plays a central role in the development of chronic diseases, making nutrition-focused interventions a powerful tool for improving population health. However, substantial gaps in nutrition education persist in the U.S. medical education, and medical students frequently report receiving limited nutrition training despite its importance in patient care. Methods: A non-randomized pre-post intervention study with a one-month follow-up was conducted among osteopathic medical students. Participants attended a culinary medicine food-demonstration featuring five case-based topics and three chef-prepared recipes. Nutrition knowledge, satisfaction with nutrition education, confidence in nutrition counseling, and personal nutrition-related behaviors were assessed at baseline, immediately …

Understanding Delays In Human Milk Fortification Timing And Impact On Growth Outcomes In Very Low Birthweight Preterm Infants, Maria Poblete, Sepideh Saroukhani, Manouchehr Hessabi Md, Mph, Amirali Tahanan Ms, Lindsay F Holzapfel

Summer Research Program Abstracts

No abstract provided.

Malnutrition At The Time Of Surgery Predicts Increased Morbidity After Distal Femur Fracture Fixation: A Propensity-Matched Analysis, Jawad Saad, Amir Ghafarian, Tyler Forbes, Muaaz Wajath, Noor Saad, Khaled Saleh

Medical Student Research Symposium

Abstract

Background: Distal femur fractures (DFF) are serious injuries most often affecting older adults with multiple medical comorbidities. Malnutrition is known to worsen outcomes in elective orthopedic surgery, but its impact in urgent DFF fixation, where optimization time is limited, remains unclear. This study evaluated whether preoperative malnutrition predicts 90-day morbidity after DFF fixation and whether implant choice influences risk among malnourished patients.

Methods: Adults undergoing operative DFF fixation from 2005–2025 were identified using the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Network. Malnutrition was defined as serum albumin ≤3.5 g/dL or leukocyte count ≤1.5×10³/µL within one year preoperatively. After 1:1 propensity matching for …

A Ubiquitous Organophosphate Flame Retardant Disrupts Energy And Glucose Homeostasis In Mice, Krystal M. Sewell, Kelly Oriakhi, Sara Y. Ngo Tenlep, Megan L. Weaver, Mansura Shahad Bawa, Se-Hyung Park, Shubh Saraswat, Xiaohua D. Zhang, Robert N. Helsley, Samir Softic, Cetewayo S. Rashid

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) are used in many consumer products, and their presence in our environment raises concerns about potential health dangers. In humans, exposure to OPFRs, such as tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is associated with metabolic disorders such as obesity, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. Our current study seeks to determine how TDCPP exposure affects body composition, glucose homeostasis, and energy balance in a rodent model. C57Bl/6 J mice were divided into two weight-matched groups and fed purified low phytoestrogen diets containing either 0.1 % DMSO (control) or TDCPP 415 mg/kg resulting in an approximate exposure of 50 mg/kg/day. Both male …

Contribution Of Metabolism-Independent Glucose Sensing To Metabolic Homeostasis, Nadia Rashid, Kavaljit H. Chhabra

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Glucose sensing and signaling are central to cellular metabolic machinery for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. Glucose sensing has been almost always assumed to be coupled with glucose metabolism; however, recent findings have unraveled metabolism-independent sensing mechanisms. Here, we discuss whether glucose transporters (GLUTs) and sodium-glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) may also function as glucose sensors independent of their roles in transporting glucose. Moreover, we review the emerging roles of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in sensing glucose and, consequently, initiating its signaling pathways in a cell-specific manner. Altogether, this review offers insights into the newly identified glucose sensing mechanisms and highlights the …

Anatomical Atlas Of Kinase Responsiveness To Weight Gain: Adipose Depot Reprogramming In Diet-Induced Adiposity, Wang-Hsin Lee, Zachary A. Kipp, Sally N. Pauss, Genesee J. Martinez, Mei Xu, Terry D. Hinds, Jr.

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Adipose tissue depots located at different anatomical sites exert differential functions in response to adiposity and glucose intolerance. These fat depots exhibit distinct metabolic signaling patterns that may influence pathological fat accumulation, thereby affecting the efficacy of anti-obesity interventions. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underpinning depot-specific signaling and pathway responsiveness remain insufficiently understood.

Methods: Kinase activity was characterized during the progression of adiposity across five adipose tissue depots in obese versus lean mice using the advanced PamGene kinome technology. Furthermore, kinase pathways in human preadipocytes and mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were analyzed and compared with those in their differentiated, mature adipocytes. The …

Kinase Signaling In Liver Disease Via Clinical-Trial-On-A-Pamchip: A Distinctive Methodology For Drug Mechanisms And Personalized Medicine, Zachary A. Kipp, Evelyn A. Bates, Genesee J. Martinez, Wang-Hsin Lee, Sally N. Pauss, Terry D. Hinds, Jr.

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

The utilization of extensive datasets, such as those generated by DNA or RNA sequencing, has become a central focus in drug discovery and personalized medicine (PerMed). Nonetheless, these datasets are constrained by the absence of protein-functionality testing, which affects physiological responses. In this study, we employed PamGene PamStation technology to quantify protein function by kinase activity across more than 500 signaling pathways from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Using proteins derived from nine patients and five human HCC cell lines for drug discovery and the clinical trial-on-a-chip approach, we developed comprehensive PerMed scores from the PamStation data to differentiate individual …

The Effects Of Attending Prediabetes Prevention Workshops On Improving Students' Awareness, Knowledge, And Interest, Madelene Hamann

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

Objective:This DNP project evaluated the effectiveness of a five-week educational intervention on adolescents’ knowledge of prediabetes, awareness, and intentions to adopt healthy lifestyle behaviors. Method and Intervention:Youth aged 13 to 18 years participated in five 40-minute school-based workshops. Outcomes were measured using the Adolescent Diabetes Awareness Test (ADAT), Health Belief Model (HBM), and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) workshop evaluation. Effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to determine clinical relevance. Results:The intervention had a large, clinically relevant effect on prediabetes knowledge and awareness measured by the ADAT (Hedges’ g = 1.10) …

Influence And Excess: A Study Of Alcohol’S Governmental, Societal, Biochemical, And Enzymatic Impact In The U.S And Other Countries Around The World, Thomas W. Snider

Senior Honors Theses

The conduct of the thesis is to explore the intricacies of alcohol consumption. The thesis will outline the history of alcohol and the societal pressures and conduct of drinking with relation to the government. After the history of alcohol has been defined, the thesis will move into the chemistry portion, delineating the absorption, digestion, metabolism, and excretion of alcohol. This is the portion of the thesis that will contain the quantitative data and source material as much research has already been conducted regarding these components of alcohol consumption. The condition of the research is that the data will be collected …

Evaluating Correlates Of Healthy Eating And Dietary Quality Among Older Adults: A Mixed Methods Approach To Development And Application Of A New Survey Instrument, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Donya Shamati, Anna Biggins, Alissa Mick, Christopher Acosta, Richard R. Rosenkranz

Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Research

Objectives: Community-dwelling older adults face unique challenges related to nutrition and health, but little is known about their barriers and facilitators for healthy eating behaviors. This study sought to develop and evaluate a new instrument to measure the capability, opportunity, and motivation for healthy eating behaviors (COM-HE) among community-dwelling older adults.

Design: A mixed methods approach was used to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. Participants were aged 65 years or older, community-dwelling, and English-speaking. Participants engaged in focus groups (n = 12) and pilot-testing (n = 81) to evaluate the COM-HE instrument. The Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants – Shortened …

Food Insecurity, Diet And Health Outcomes In Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study, Nicole Zeky, Alysse Baudier, Colleen Leblanc, Elizabeth Mcdonough, Sarah A. Dumas, Dedrick Moulton

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Food insecurity (FI) is a well-defined factor in pediatric health outcomes and has been associated with lower diet quality. While poor diet quality has been linked to the rising prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), little is known about the impact of FI on pediatric IBD. This pilot study explores the feasibility and potential impact of FI on dietary intake and clinical outcomes in children with newly diagnosed IBD. Methods: This pilot study included newly diagnosed IBD patients aged 5 to 18. FI screening was completed using the USDA 6-item and AAP 2-item screeners at diagnosis and 6 months. …

Anti-Inflammatory Diet And Probiotic Supplementation As Strategies To Modulate Immune Dysregulation In Autism Spectrum Disorder, Carlos Andrés Naranjo-Galvis, Diana María Trejos-Gallego, Cristina Correa-Salazar, Jessica Triviño-Valencia, Marysol Valencia-Buitrago, Andrés Felipe Ruiz-Pulecio, Luisa Fernanda Méndez-Ramírez, Jovanny Zabaleta, Miguel Andres Meñaca-Puentes, Carlos Alberto Ruiz-Villa, Marcela Orjuela-Rodriguez, Juan Carlos Carmona-Hernández, Luisa Matilde Salamanca-Duque

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background/Objectives: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition associated with behavioral and cognitive impairments. Increasing evidence also links ASD with systemic immune dysregulation, including abnormal cytokine profiles and chronic low-grade inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that targeted dietary strategies and probiotic supplementation may modulate immune responses and gut–brain interactions in patients with ASD. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory effects of a structured anti-inflammatory diet (NeuroGutPlus) compared to multi-strain probiotics in children with ASD. NeuroGutPlus is a nutritionally complete anti-inflammatory dietary protocol that targets gut integrity, inflammation, and mitochondrial function. It includes a diet low in gluten, FODMAPs, casein, …

Factors Associated With The Use Of Combined Nutritional Complementary And Alternative Medicine Among Southern Us Older Adults: Results From The Study Of Aging Ii, Kristen Allen-Watts, Deanna Rumble, Taylor Taylor, Andrew Sims, Lisa H. Antoine, Georgiana Logan, Cynthia J. Brown, Thomas W. Buford, Burel R. Goodin, Andrea Cherrington, Richard Kennedy

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Older adults use nutritional complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) to reduce the risk of (or treat) non-communicable conditions and diet deficiencies. While prior research has explored the individual use of dietary supplements, vitamins, and minerals among older adults, few studies have examined factors influencing the combined use of these modalities, especially among Southern, older adults in the United States. Methods: Data were extracted from 419 participants from the University of Alabama at Birmingham Study of Aging II, a population-based longitudinal study of mobility among community-dwelling older adults. Self-reported data, including insurance and rural residence status, was collected. Comorbidity burden …

Dietary Protein’S Effect On The Gut Microbiome And Its Metabolites: Protocol Description And Virtual Recruitment Efforts For A Remote Randomized Controlled Trial, Karyn M. Gallivan, Kristin S. Ondrak, Denise M. Danos, Meng Luo, Christopher M. Taylor, Lauren E. Meyer, Ann M. Byerley, Alexander W. Nguyen, Sabyasachi Chatterjee, Jiri Adamec, Lauri O. Byerley

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Fiber’s effect on our gut microbes has been studied extensively, while knowledge of the effect of protein is sparse. Colonic putrefaction of dietary protein is known to produce several potentially detrimental compounds. This randomized controlled trial (RCT) uses a pre- and post-study design to investigate the effect of consuming higher levels of dietary protein on the gut microbiota and the metabolites it produces. Here, we describe our virtual recruitment efforts and RCT protocol. Potential participants lived throughout the contiguous US. Several recruitment methods were employed, of which email reached the largest group of people (approximately 9,100) and generated a 0.3% …

The Glim Consensus Approach To Diagnosis Of Malnutrition: A 5-Year Update., Tommy Cederholm, Gordon L Jensen, M Isabel T D Correia, M Cristina Gonzalez, Ryoji Fukushima, Veeradej Pisprasert, Renee Blaauw, Diana Cardenas Braz, Fernando Carrasco, Alfonso J Cruz Jentoft, Cristina Cuerda, David C Evans, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky, Leah Gramlich, Han Ping Shi, Jeanette M Hasse, Michael Hiesmayr, Naoki Hiki, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar, Shukri Jahit, Anayanet Jáquez, Heather Keller, Stanislaw Klek, Ainsley Malone, Kris M Mogensen, Naoharu Mori, Manpreet Mundi, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Doris Ng, Ibolya Nyulasi, Matthias Pirlich, Stephane Schneider, Marian De Van Der Schueren, Soranit Siltharm, Pierre Singer, Alison Steiber, Kelly A Tappenden, Jianchun Yu, André Van Gossum, Jaw-Yuan Wang, Marion F Winkler, Rocco Barazzoni, Charlene Compher

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) introduced an approach for malnutrition diagnosis in 2019 comprised of screening followed by assessment of three phenotypic criteria: weight loss, low BMI, and low muscle mass, and two etiologic criteria: reduced food intake/assimilation, and inflammation/disease burden. This planned update reconsiders the GLIM framework based on published knowledge and experience over the past five years.

METHODS: A GLIM working group (n = 43 members) conducted a literature search spanning 2019-2024 using the keywords "Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition or GLIM". Prior GLIM activities providing guidance for use of the criteria on muscle mass …

Relationships Between Health Behaviors And Markers Of Oxidative Stress And Inflammation On Blood Pressure, Alison M. Godfrey

Honors Scholar Theses

Background. Young adulthood is a period when cardiometabolic risk factors begin to emerge. Developing cardiometabolic risk early can increase the risk and severity of chronic illness across the lifespan. Despite this, young adults are often understudied particularly as it relates to major cardiometabolic risk factors such as blood pressure (BP) and risk of hypertension. Hypertension is a public health crisis and early indicators of hypertension risk should be more thoroughly researched. Therefore, the purpose of the presented thesis is to examine BP in young adults and two potential pathways by which risk may emerge in young adults; inflammation (C-Reactive …

Produce Prescription Policy Project For The Securement Of A Grant To Address Food Insecurity For Low-Income Type Ii Diabetic Patients, Isabel D. Garcia-Gallegos

Doctor of Nursing Practice Final Project Abstract

PURPOSE

This policy-focused Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) quality improvement (QI) project aims to secure grant funding through the Gus Schumacher Nutrition Incentive Program (GusNIP) to implement a produce prescription program at a community clinic in Texas. The program targets low-income adults (18-65 years) with type II diabetes who experience food insecurity and are affected by Medicaid non-expansion.

BACKGROUND

Texas’ decision not to expand Medicaid has exacerbated food insecurity among low-income residents, particularly those managing type II diabetes. This decision creates a healthcare policy gap that this project aims to address with a food-as-medicine program.

METHODOLOGY

Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) …

Gut Feeling: A Holistic Digital Tool For Managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome And Food Sensitivities, Hailey M. Olberding

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and food intolerances are increasingly prevalent chronic gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that significantly impair quality of life. While the low-Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet has demonstrated success in symptom management, current digital tools fail to offer integrated, user-friendly platforms that holistically track contributing health factors. Gut Feeling is a mobile app (Appendix 1) and complementary website (Appendix 2) developed to fill this gap. By incorporating symptom logging, food intake tracking and complementary database, stress and sleep monitoring, and trend analysis, this platform empowers users to better understand their bodies and manage GI symptoms proactively. …

Glim Consensus Approach To Diagnosis Of Malnutrition: A 5-Year Update., Gordon L Jensen, Tommy Cederholm, M Isabel T D Correia, M Cristina Gonzalez, Ryoji Fukushima, Veeradej Pisprasert, Renee Blaauw, Diana Cardenas Braz, Fernando Carrasco, Alfonso J Cruz Jentoft, Cristina Cuerda, David C Evans, Vanessa Fuchs-Tarlovsky, Leah Gramlich, Han Ping Shi, Jeanette M Hasse, Michael Hiesmayr, Naoki Hiki, Harriët Jager-Wittenaar, Shukri Jahit, Anayanet Jáquez, Heather Keller, Stanislaw Klek, Ainsley Malone, Kris M Mogensen, Naoharu Mori, Manpreet Mundi, Maurizio Muscaritoli, Doris Ng, Ibolya Nyulasi, Matthias Pirlich, Stephane Schneider, Marian De Van Der Schueren, Soranit Siltharm, Pierre Singer, Alison Steiber, Kelly A Tappenden, Jianchun Yu, André Van Gossum, Jaw-Yuan Wang, Marion F Winkler, Charlene Compher, Rocco Barazzoni

Ambulatory and Primary Care Articles

BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) introduced an approach for malnutrition diagnosis in 2019 that comprised screening followed by assessment of three phenotypic criteria (weight loss, low body mass index [BMI], and low muscle mass) and two etiologic criteria (reduced food intake/assimilation and inflammation/disease burden). This planned update reconsiders the GLIM framework based on published knowledge and experience over the past 5 years.

METHODS: A working group (n = 43 members) conducted a literature search spanning 2019-2024 using the keywords "Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition or GLIM." Prior GLIM guidance activities for using the criteria on muscle mass …

Astrovascular Decoupling In Awake 5×Fad Mice Is Associated With Reduced Astrocytic Calcium, Ruei-Lung Lin, Sophiya L. Sims, Nicholas A. Wright, Léopoldine B. Galopin, Blaine Weiss, Susan D. Kraner, Jacquelyn E. Rhinehart, Ting-Hsuan Lu, Pradoldej Sompol, Christopher M. Norris, Olivier Thibault

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION

Evidence points to dysregulated Ca²⁺ in neurons and astrocytes in models of amyloidosis. While most of these data were obtained in vitro or in vivo under anesthesia, less work has investigated these variables in awake ambulating mice.

METHODS

Astrocytic Ca²⁺ fluctuations (GCaMP8f) were imaged concomitantly with vasoreactivity in S1 on a two-photon microscope during rest and ambulation. Single-cell resolution variables were extracted using continuous wavelet transform and traditional ΔF/F measures.

RESULTS

Along with increases in amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation, we found significant reductions in measures of astrocyte functional connectivity, pairwise correlations, and network synchronicity in older 5×FAD …

Advancing Clinical Trial Readiness In White Matter Disease And Related Dementias: Key Steps For Future Research Progress, Pradoldej Sompol, Gregory A. Jicha, Jason D. Hinman, Adam M. Brickman, Steven M. Greenberg, Konstantinos Arfanakis, Marion S. Buckwalter, Irene Lorenzo Llorente, Jeff D. Williamson, Michael S. Wolf, Eric E. Smith, Aditi Gupta, Margaret E. Flanagan, Miguel A. Vazquez, Jeffrey M. Burns, S. Thomas Carmichael, Frank C. Barone

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

White matter disease, a broad-spectrum term that covers various types of white matter lesions and degeneration, is strongly related to age-related neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and Alzheimer’s related dementias (ADRD). There is no specific treatment for white matter disease. Therefore, basic research and clinical studies are essential for future outcomes. Since its formation in 2020, the Albert Research Institute for White Matter and Cognition (ARIWMC) mission has been to support white matter research by providing a forum for communication where basic and clinical scientists meet to discuss and debate …

A Unique Inflammaging Profile Generated By T Cells From People With Obesity Is Metformin Resistant, S. Santacruz‑Calvo, S. Saraswat, Gabriella Kalantar, E. Zukowski, H. Marszalkowski, Aida Javidan, F. Gholamrezaeinejad, L. P. Bharath, P. A. Kern, X. D. Zhang, Barbara S. Nikolajczyk

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

The alarmingly high prevalence of obesity in older adults coupled with the negative health effects of chronic inflammation in both obesity and aging highlight the importance of studies investigating the impacts of obesity on age-related inflammation. Since shifts in peripheral T-cell metabolism and function drive systemic inflammation in both obesity and aging, we hypothesize that obesity impacts the Th17-dominated inflammaging profile we identified in lean subjects and thus modifies the anti-inflammatory effects of geroprotective drugs like metformin. New cytokine profiling data showed that CD4+ T cells from older people with obesity generate a profile that specifically excludes Th17 cytokines. Metformin …

Bilirubin Hepatic And Intestinal Transport And Catabolism: Physiology, Pathophysiology, And Benefits, Zachary A. Kipp, Sally N. Pauss, Genesee J. Martinez, Terry D. Hinds, Jr., Wang-Hsin Lee

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Bilirubin, a metabolite derived from heme degradation, has traditionally been regarded as a waste product and a marker of liver injury. However, increasing evidence suggests that bilirubin also functions as a hormone, and reduced levels are associated with metabolic dysfunction. Studies have shown a strong association between low circulating bilirubin levels and an increased risk of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease. To advance bilirubin-based treatment strategies, it is essential to elucidate the mechanisms underlying bilirubin transport and metabolism. Therefore, we provide an in-depth discussion of bilirubin production and its subsequent fates, with a particular focus on the transport between the …

Cd47: An Immunoregulatory Nexus In Liver And Gastrointestinal Disorders, Josephine Otuagomah, Alana Newcomb, Taesik Gwag, Shuxia Wang

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) is a widely expressed transmembrane protein that serves as a critical immunoregulatory checkpoint in both homeostatic and pathological conditions of the digestive system. It interacts with signal regulatory protein alpha to send a ‘do not eat me’ signal, thereby preventing phagocytosis and shaping immune responses. Beyond immunity, CD47 also influences cell death, growth and metabolism through interactions with integrins and thrombospondin-1. Recent studies implicate CD47 as a central nexus in the pathogenesis of diverse liver and gastrointestinal disorders, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis, inflammatory bowel disease, liver ischaemia-reperfusion injury, drug-induced liver …

Gut Microbiome, Neuroinflammation, And Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: Insights From Rodent Models, Abdulrahman M. Busayli, Wenhua Xu, Ghaidaa A. Raffah, Gang Chen

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a significant public health issue that affects children. It results from ethanol exposure during pregnancy, leading to considerable physical, neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and cognitive deficits. The exact mechanism is not well understood. Recently, considerable attention has been focused on the influence of gut microbiome on brain development through the gut–brain axis. Changes in the gut microbiome resulting from ethanol exposure may contribute to the pathology of FASD, potentially involving neuroinflammation. This literature review summarizes the existing research and primary animal studies on the impact of early ethanol exposure on the gut microbiome, neuroinflammation, brain development, …

Calcineurin/Nfat Inhibitors Maintain Cognition In A Preclinical Prevention Study In An Aging Canine Model Of Alzheimer Disease, Lorena Sordo, Margo F. Ubele, Kathy Boaz, Jennifer L. Mefford, Erin Dehnart Jones, Katie L. Mccarty, Hollie Y. Van Rooyen, Jeffrey R. Smiley, Stasia A. Bembenek Bailey, Jessica A. Perpich, Beverly Meacham, David K. Powell, Frederick Bresch, Jacob W. Crump, Michael J. Phelan, Jessica A. Noche, Craig E. Stark, László G. Puskás, Christopher M. Norris, Elizabeth Head

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

Brain signaling of calcineurin (CN) and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) transcription factor increases in Alzheimer disease (AD) and is associated with synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, amyloid-β (Aβ) production, and cognitive decline. CN/NFAT inhibitors ameliorate these neuropathologies in mouse models of AD. Further, chronic use of tacrolimus in transplant patients reduces risk of AD. Beagles naturally develop Aβ plaques and cognitive dysfunction. We evaluated the impact of FDA-approved CN inhibitor, tacrolimus, and experimental NFAT inhibitor, Q134R, on cognitive outcomes during a three-year prevention study in 37 middle-aged beagles. While beagles treated with CN/NFAT inhibitors showed differences in the pattern …

Benchmarking And Improving Foundation Model Dietary Estimates From Meal Images, Yongcheng Mu, Jiangwen Sun, Jing He

Computer Science Faculty Publications

Accurate quantifying dietary contents, such as calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats, from an image of a meal plate is vital for managing diabetes. Recently, Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have excelled in complex vision-language tasks due to their use of very large, highly diverse data. This study benchmarked the use of seven LMMs that include full and lightweight models of GPT, Gemini, and Llama for nutrition estimation based on Google's Nutrition5k dataset and our own phone-collected DonateAndLearn dataset. We analyzed the performance of LMMs and the RGB-D fusion model, in which the RGB-D model was specifically trained using Nutrition5k data. On …

Parenteral Nutritional Support In Surgical Patients: Expert Consensus Statements Regarding Intravenous Lipid Emulsions Containing Omega-3 Fatty Acids., Robert G Martindale, David C Evans, Dan Waitzberg, Malissa Warren, Manpreet S Mundi, Stanislaw Klek, Paul E Wischmeyer, Martin D Rosenthal

Surgery Articles

OBJECTIVES: The International Lipids in Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Summit was convened to offer practical guidance and expert consensus opinion regarding the use of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) in various clinical settings. Herein, we briefly review aspects from this summit that are of particular importance for surgical/hospitalized patients.

METHODS: Summit participants identified and discussed new evidence, data, and analyses, that potentially influence the benefits and risks of ILEs in PN or their use in clinical practice. The summit meeting consisted of expert presentations that assessed recent clinical data and best practice, followed by periodic panel discussions to formulate consensus statements. Consensus …

Extraction Method Effects On Structural Properties And Functional Characteristics Of Dietary Fiber Extracted From Ginseng Residue, Xiaoyu Feng, Kashif Ameer, Karna Ramachandraiah, Guihun Jiang

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

In this research, the dietary fibers (DFs) from ginseng residue were extracted by employing three different extraction methods (alkaline: AL, acidic: AC, enzymatic: EN). The extracted DFs were characterized in terms of their structural and functional properties. The results clearly showed that, regardless of the extraction methods, all DF samples exhibited representative infrared spectral features. The DF extracted by AC (citric acid) had more porous structures with a looser configuration, in conjunction with high apparent viscosity, whereas the DF extracted by EN (α-amylase and protease) exhibited higher thermal stability. Moreover, the monosaccharide composition of the DF samples was significantly influenced …

Curcumin Alleviates Inflammatory Effects Of Ketamine Anesthesia In Postnatal Rats, Soroush Afshar Ghahremani, Abbas Raisi, Sohrab Minaei Beirami, Houman Kahroba, Mahnaz Mardani, Omid Dezfoulian, Vahideh Tarhriz

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Curcumin has been employed in traditional medicine for over a millennium to treat various ailments, and its global use is now widespread. Chinese medicine relies heavily on curcumin as a primary element and uses it to cure infectious diseases, skin disorders, depression, and stress. It has cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-diabetic properties, as well as pharmacological effects on disorders like type II diabetes, atherosclerosis, and human immunodeficiency virus replication. The anti-cancer activity of curcumin has been studied extensively with notable improvements in gastrointestinal, melanoma, urogenital, breast, and lung malignancies. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin on expression of tumor necrosis …