Medical Microbiology Commons^™

Tradd Regulates Perinatal Development And Adulthood Survival In Mice Lacking Ripk1 And Ripk3., John P. Dowling, Mohamed Alsabbagh, Christina Del Casale, Zheng-Gang Liu, Jianke Zhang

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

TRADD is an adaptor for TNFR1-induced apoptosis and NFκB activation. However, TRADD-deficient mice undergo normal development and contain normal lymphoid populations, which contrasts with an embryonic defect in mice lacking FADD, the shared adaptor mediating apoptosis. Recent studies indicate FADD suppresses embryonic necroptosis mediated by RIPK1. TRADD was suggested to also mediate necroptosis. Here we report that targeting TRADD fails to rescue Fadd ^−/− embryos from necroptosis, and ablation of TRADD rescues Ripk1 ^−/− mice from perinatal lethality when RIPK3-mediated necroptosis is disabled. The resulting Ripk1 ^−/− Ripk3 ^−/− Tradd ^−/− mice survive until early adulthood, but die thereafter. A …

Cyclin D1 Integrates G9a-Mediated Histone Methylation., Zhiping Li, Xuanmao Jiao, Gabriele Di Sante, Adam Ertel, Mathew C. Casimiro, Min Wang, Sanjay Katiyar, Xiaoming Ju, D. V. Klopfenstein, Aydin Tozeren, William Dampier, Iouri Chepelev, Albert Jeltsch, Richard G. Pestell

Department of Cancer Biology Faculty Papers

Lysine methylation of histones and non-histone substrates by the SET domain containing protein lysine methyltransferase (KMT) G9a/EHMT2 governs transcription contributing to apoptosis, aberrant cell growth, and pluripotency. The positioning of chromosomes within the nuclear three-dimensional space involves interactions between nuclear lamina (NL) and the lamina-associated domains (LAD). Contact of individual LADs with the NL are dependent upon H3K9me2 introduced by G9a. The mechanisms governing the recruitment of G9a to distinct subcellular sites, into chromatin or to LAD, is not known. The cyclin D1 gene product encodes the regulatory subunit of the holoenzyme that phosphorylates pRB and NRF1 thereby governing cell-cycle …

Severity Of Disease And Mortality For Hospitalized Patients With Community-Acquired Viral Pneumonia Compared To Patients With Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia, Richard Y. Kim, Thomas Chandler, Stephen P. Furmanek, Timothy Lee Wiemken, Rodrigo Cavallazzi

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: There exists a large body of literature to help identify, diagnose, treat, and manage community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Despite this, there is little data that directly compares the clinical syndromes and complications of pure bacterial pneumonia to pure viral pneumonia. Our study compares the clinical presentation, morbidity and mortality of viral vs. bacterial etiologies of CAP.

Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) international study database. Data was collected concerning patient demographics, physical examination findings, laboratory findings, radiological findings, severity of illness, and clinical outcomes and stratified according to the two study groups, CAVP …

Intranasal Peptide-Based Fpva-Klh Conjugate Vaccine Protects Mice From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Acute Murine Pneumonia, Emel Sen-Kilic, Catherine B. Blackwood, Dylan T. Boehm, Wiliam T. Witt, Aaron C. Malkowski, Justin R. Bevere, Ting Y. Wong, Jesse M. Hall, Shelby D. Bradford, Melinda E. Varney, Fredrick Heath Damron, Mariette Barbier

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen causing acute and chronic respiratory infections associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with cystic fibrosis. Vaccination against P. aeruginosa before colonization may be a solution against these infections and improve the quality of life of at-risk patients. To develop a vaccine against P. aeruginosa, we formulated a novel peptide-based P. aeruginosa subunit vaccine based on the extracellular regions of one of its major siderophore receptors, FpvA. We evaluated the effectiveness and immunogenicity of the FpvA peptides conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) with the adjuvant curdlan in a murine vaccination and challenge …

Janus Kinase 1 Is Required For Transcriptional Reprograming Of Murine Astrocytes In Response To Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, Savannah G. Sims, Gordon P. Meares

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. To adapt, cells initiate the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, severe or unresolved UPR activation leads to cell death and inflammation. The UPR is initiated, in part, by the transER membrane kinase PKR-like ER kinase (PERK). Recent evidence indicates ER stress and inflammation are linked, and we have shown that this involves PERKdependent signaling via Janus Kinase (JAK) 1. This signaling provokes the production of soluble inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL2). We, therefore, …

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Differentially Modulates The Il-6 Family Of Cytokines In Murine Astrocytes And Macrophages, Cristina L. Sanchez, Savnnah G. Sims, John D. Nowery, Gordon P. Meares

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

In many diseases, misfolded proteins accumulate within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), leading to ER stress. In response, the cell initiates the unfolded protein response (UPR) to reestablish homeostasis. Additionally, in response to ER stress, various cell types mount an inflammatory response involving interleukin (IL)-6. While IL-6 has been widely studied, the impact of ER stress on other members of the IL-6 cytokine family, including oncostatin (OSM), IL-11, ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), and leukemia inhibitor factor (LIF) remains to be elucidated. Here, we have examined the expression of the IL-6 family cytokines in response to pharmacologically-induced ER stress in astrocytes and …

Intranasal Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Provides Mucosal Immunity And Protects Mice From Bordetella Pertussis, Dylan T. Boehm, M. Allison Wolf, Jesse M. Hall, Ting Y. Wong, Emel Sen-Kilic, Hayden D. Basinger, Sebastian A. Dziadowicz, Maria De La Paz Gutierrez, Catherine B. Blackwood, Shelby D. Bradford, Katherine A. Begley, William T. Witt, Melinda E. Varney, Mariette Barbier, F. Heath Damron

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Current acellular pertussis vaccines fall short of optimal protection against the human respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis resulting in increased incidence of a previously controlled vaccine- preventable disease. Natural infection is known to induce a protective mucosal immunity. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to use acellular pertussis vaccines to recapitulate these mucosal immune responses. We utilized a murine immunization and challenge model to characterize the efficacy of intranasal immunization (IN) with DTaP vaccine or DTaP vaccine supplemented with curdlan, a known Th1/Th17 promoting adjuvant. Protection from IN delivered DTaP was compared to protection mediated by intraperitoneal injection of DTaP and …

Bordetella Pertussis Can Be Motile And Express Flagellum-Like Structures, Cassandra L. Hoffman, Laura A. Gonyar, Federico Zacca, Federico Sisti, Julieta Fernandez, Ting Wong, F. Heath Damron, Erik L. Hewlett

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica encodes and expresses a flagellar apparatus. In contrast, Bordetella pertussis, the causative agent of whooping cough, has historically been described as a nonmotile and nonflagellated organism. The previous statements that B. pertussis was a nonmotile organism were consistent with a stop codon located in the flagellar biosynthesis gene, flhA, discovered when the B. pertussis Tohama I genome was sequenced and analyzed by Parkhill et al. in 2003 (J. Parkhill, M. Sebaihia, A. Preston, L. D. Murphy, et al., Nat Genet, 35:32– 40, 2003, https://doi.org/10 .1038/ng1227). The stop codon has subsequently been found in all annotated genomes. Parkhill …

In Vivo Gene Essentiality And Metabolism In Bordetella Pertussis, Laura A. Gonyar, Patrick E. Gelbach, Dennis G. Mcduffe, Alexander F. Koeppel, Qing Chen, Gloria Lee, Louise M. Temple, Scott Stibitz, Erik L. Hewlwtt, Jason A. Papin, F. Heath Damron, Joshua C. Eby

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of whooping cough, a serious respiratory illness affecting children and adults, associated with prolonged cough and potential mortality. Whooping cough has reemerged in recent years, emphasizing a need for increased knowledge of basic mechanisms of B. pertussis growth and pathogenicity. While previous studies have provided insight into in vitro gene essentiality of this organism, very little is known about in vivo gene essentiality, a critical gap in knowledge, since B. pertussis has no previously identified environmental reservoir and is isolated from human respiratory tract samples. We hypothesize that the metabolic capabilities of B. pertussis …

Caspase-11 Mediates Neutrophil Chemotaxis And Extracellular Trap Formation During Acute Gouty Arthritis Through Alteration Of Cofilin Phosphorylation, Kyle Caution, Nicholas Young, Frank Robledo-Avila, Kathrin Krause, Arwa Abu Khweek, Kaitlin Hamilton, Asmaa Badr, Anup Vaidya, Kylene Daily, Hawin Gosu, Midhun N. K. Anne, Mostafa Eltobgy, Duaa Dakhlallah, Sudha Argwal, Shady Estfanous, Xiaoli Zhang, Santiago Partida-Sanchez, Mikhail A. Gavrilin, Wael N. Jarjour, Amal O. Amer

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Gout is characterized by attacks of arthritis with hyperuricemia and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation within joints. Innate immune responses are the primary drivers for tissue destruction and inflammation in gout. MSU crystals engage the Nlrp3 inflammasome, leading to the activation of caspase-1 and production of IL-1β and IL-18 within gout-affected joints, promoting the influx of neutrophils and monocytes. Here, we show that caspase-11−/− mice and their derived macrophages produce significantly reduced levels of gout-specific cytokines including IL-1β, TNFα, IL-6, and KC, while others like IFNγ and IL-12p70 are not altered. IL-1β induces the expression of caspase-11 in an IL-1 …

Identification Of Extracellular Dna-Binding Proteins In The Biofilm Matrix., Jeffrey S. Kavanaugh, Caralyn E. Flack, Jessica Lister, Erica B. Ricker, Carolyn B. Ibberson, Christian Jenul, Derek E. Moormeier, Elizabeth A. Delmain, Kenneth W. Bayles, Alexander R. Horswill

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

We developed a new approach that couples Southwestern blotting and mass spectrometry to discover proteins that bind extracellular DNA (eDNA) in bacterial biofilms. Using Staphylococcus aureus as a model pathogen, we identified proteins with known DNA-binding activity and uncovered a series of lipoproteins with previously unrecognized DNA-binding activity. We demonstrated that expression of these lipoproteins results in an eDNA-dependent biofilm enhancement. Additionally, we found that while deletion of lipoproteins had a minimal impact on biofilm accumulation, these lipoprotein mutations increased biofilm porosity, suggesting that lipoproteins and their associated interactions contribute to biofilm structure. For one of the lipoproteins, SaeP, we …

Reanalysis Of The Nccn Pd-L1 Companion Diagnostic Assay Study For Lung Cancer In The Context Of Pd-L1 Expression Findings In Triple-Negative Breast Cancer, David L. Rimm, Gang Han, Janis M. Taube, Eunhee S. Yi, Julia A. Bridge, Douglas B. Flieder, Robert Homer, Anja C. Roden, Fred R. Hirsch, Ignacio I. Wistuba, Lajos Pusztai

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

The companion diagnostic test for checkpoint inhibitor immune therapy is an immunohistochemical test for PD-L1. The test has been shown to be reproducible for expression in tumor cells, but not in immune cells. Immune cells were used in the IMpassion130 trial which showed PD-L1 expression was associated with a better outcome. Two large studies have been done assessing immune cell PD-L1 expression in lung cancer. Here, we reanalyze one of those studies, to show that, even with an easier scoring method, there is still only poor agreement between assays and pathologist for immune cell PD-L1 expression.

Observations Of Shear Stress Effects On Staphylococcus Aureus Biofilm Formation, Erica Sherman, Kenneth W. Bayles, Derek E. Moormeier, Jennifer L. Endres, Timothy Wei

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus bacteria form biofilms and distinctive microcolony or "tower" structures that facilitate their ability to tolerate antibiotic treatment and to spread within the human body. The formation of microcolonies, which break off, get carried downstream, and serve to initiate biofilms in other parts of the body, is of particular interest here. It is known that flow conditions play a role in the development, dispersion, and propagation of biofilms in general. The influence of flow on microcolony formation and, ultimately, what factors lead to microcolony development are, however, not well understood. The hypothesis being examined is that microcolony structures form …

Urease Is An Essential Component Of The Acid Response Network Of Staphylococcus Aureus And Is Required For A Persistent Murine Kidney Infection, Chunyi Zhou, Fatema Bhinderwala, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Vinai Chittezham Thomas, Sujata S. Chaudhari, Kelsey J. Yamada, Kirk W. Foster, Robert Powers, Tammy Kielian, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus causes acute and chronic infections resulting in significant morbidity. Urease, an enzyme that generates NH3 and CO2 from urea, is key to pH homeostasis in bacterial pathogens under acidic stress and nitrogen limitation. However, the function of urease in S. aureus niche colonization and nitrogen metabolism has not been extensively studied. We discovered that urease is essential for pH homeostasis and viability in urea-rich environments under weak acid stress. The regulation of urease transcription by CcpA, Agr, and CodY was identified in this study, implying a complex network that controls urease expression in response to changes in metabolic …

Characterization Of Protein Involved In Hemolysis Expressed By Sneathia Amnii, A Pathogen Of The Female Urogenital Tract, Gabriella Gentile, Lizette Carrasco, Amy Stanford, Kimberly Jefferson

Graduate Research Posters

Sneathia amnii is a poorly characterized gram-negative anaerobe that commonly colonizes the vagina. It has been linked to many obstetric disorders, including preterm labor, preeclampsia, and chorioamnionitis. S. amnii lyses human red blood cells, and we aimed to identify the hemolysin. We identified two genes that appear to encode transporter and effector components of a two-partner secretion system. The putative effector, which we refer to as SaFHA, contains a domain with amino acid similarity to the filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) of Bordetella pertussis and its predicted structure suggests it may form a transmembrane channel or pore. Thus, we hypothesized that SaFHA …

Functional And Transcriptomic Changes In Synergy Of Endotoxin And (1->3)-Β-D-Glucan In Bone Marrow Derived Macrophage From Fc Gamma Receptor Iib Deficient Mice, Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with a diverse array of clinical symptoms. There are many factors including environmental factors may trigger disease progression. In this study, we investigated the influence of spontaneous gut leakage upon polymicrobial sepsis in Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient (FcgRIIb-/-) mice aged 8 and 40 weeks, as representing asymptomatic and symptomatic lupus, respectively. The spontaneous gut leakage as determined by i) the level of serum FITC-dextran, ii) increased serum endotoxin (LPS), and iii) increased serum (1->3)-b-D-glucan (BG), were demonstrated in symptomatic FcgRIIb-/- mice, but not in asymptomatic group. Moreover, spontaneous gut leakage …

Effects Of Non-Albicans Candida Species On Biofilm Formation And Acidogenicity Of Dual-Species Biofilms And On Cariogenic Virulence Gene Expression Of Streptococcus Mutans, Wirunphat Sansanoa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Early childhood caries is a common oral disease found in children which could affect their general health. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic pathogen since it possesses cariogenic properties, which are acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation. Recent studies showed that Candida albicans, which is frequently found together with S. mutans in plaques of children with dental caries, enhances cariogenicity. At the same time, increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) in children and immune-compromised patients has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of NACs when co-cultured with S. mutans on cariogenic properties and virulence …

Inhibition Of Cancer Stem Cells By Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics, Connor P. O'Hara

Theses and Dissertations

Connor O’Hara July 29, 2019

Inhibition of Cancer Stem Cells by Glycosaminoglycan Mimetics

In the United States cancer is the second leading cause of death, with colorectal cancer (CRC) being the third deadliest cancer and expected to cause over 51,000 fatalities in 2019 alone.¹ The current standard of care for CRC depends largely on the staging, location, and presence of metastasis.² As the tumor grows and invades nearby lymph tissue and blood vessels, CRC has the opportunity to invade not only nearby tissue but also metastasize into the liver and lung (most commonly).³ The 5-year survival rate …

Development Of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification For Rapid Detection Of Fungi In Peritoneal Dialysis, Tamonwan Chamroensakchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Fungal peritonitis (FP) is a fatal complication in peritoneal dialysis (PD). Detection of fungal infection using standard culture is time-consuming and has a low sensitivity. While, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are often inapplicable in remote hospital and laboratory. In this study, Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay was developed for rapid and specific detection of fungi in peritoneal dialysis. LAMP primers were designed based on the conserved sequence of fungal 18s rRNA gene. The reaction was optimized for 60 min at 64 ◦C. The sensitivity of LAMP assay was 1 pg/reaction which is a hundred times more sensitive than that of …

Ischemic Stroke Alters Immune Cell Niche And Chemokine Profile In Mice Independent Of Spontaneous Bacterial Infection, Breanne Y. Farris, Kelly L. Monaghan, Wen Zheng, Courtney D. Amend, Heng Hu, Amanda G. Ammer, James E. Coad, Xuefang Ren, Edwin C. K. Wan

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

The aim of this study is to report the long-term efficacy and safety of thoracoscopic epicardial left atrial ablation (TELA) in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

This was a retrospective review of medical records. We included all patients diagnosed with paroxysmal AF who underwent TELA at our institution between 04/2011 and 06/2017. TELA included pulmonary vein isolation, LA dome lesions and LA appendage exclusion. All (n = 55) patients received an implantable loop recorder (ILR), 30 days post-operatively. Antiarrhythmic and anticoagulation therapy were discontinued at 90 and 180 days postoperatively, respectively, if patients were free of …

Protease-Mediated Growth Of Staphylococcus Aureus On Host Proteins Is Opp3 Dependent, Mckenzie K. Lehman, Austin S. Nuxoll, Kelsey J. Yamada, Tammy Kielian, Steven D. Carson, Paul D. Fey

Journal Articles: Pathology and Microbiology

Staphylococcus aureus has the ability to cause infections in multiple organ systems, suggesting an ability to rapidly adapt to changing carbon and nitrogen sources. Although there is little information about the nutrients available at specific sites of infection, a mature skin abscess has been characterized as glucose depleted, indicating that peptides and free amino acids are an important source of nutrients for the bacteria. Our studies have found that mutations in enzymes necessary for growth on amino acids, including pyruvate carboxykinase (ΔpckA) and glutamate dehydrogenase (ΔgudB), reduced the ability of the bacteria to proliferate within a …

The Microbiomes Of Pancreatic And Duodenum Tissue Overlap And Are Highly Subject Specific But Differ Between Pancreatic Cancer And Non-Cancer Subjects, Erika Del Castillo, Richard Meier, Mei Chung, Devin C. Koestler, Tsute Chen, Bruce J. Paster, Kevin P. Charpentier, Karl T. Kelsey, Jacques Izard, Dominique S. Michaud

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

Background: In mice, bacteria from the mouth can translocate to the pancreas and impact pancreatic cancer progression. In humans, oral bacteria associated with periodontal disease have been linked to pancreatic cancer risk. It is not known if DNA bacterial profiles in the pancreas and duodenum are similar within individuals.

Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from 50 subjects with pancreatic cancer or other conditions requiring foregut surgery at the Rhode Island Hospital (RIH), and from thirty-four organs obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on 189 tissue samples (pancreatic duct, duodenum, pancreas), 57 …

Factors Affecting Biofilm Formation In Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Of The Red Complex, Sidney Nechacov

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Periodontal disease, also known as periodontitis, is a dental disease that is estimated to affect 2.4 billion people worldwide. This disease is characterized by chronic inflammation and bleeding of gums, as well as loss of tooth bone density. Currently, treatments for the disease include dental surgeries and various types of antibiotics, but few are targeted specifically at the Red Complex bacteria which are strongly associated with chronic periodontitis. The Red Complex consists of three bacteria: Tannerella forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. Each of these bacteria, are anaerobic oral pathogens that reside in the subgingival pocket adjacent to …

The Incidence Of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus Spp. Colonization And Infection In Children And Adults With Atopic Dermatitis, Matchima Laowansiri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by chronic and recurrent eczematous rash. AD occurs in both children and adults, but children are more affected. An important aggravating factor is caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. Therefore, topical (beta-lactam, macrolides, clindamycin) and systemic (mupirocin and fusidic acid) antibiotics are essential for treatment of AD. However, frequent use of antibiotics results in an increase in the incidence of antibiotic-resistant S. aureus. Methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA) becomes a problem in the treatment of skin diseases. It’s found that the change from penicillin binding protein (PBP) to PBP2a with …

The Effect Of A Trehalase Inhibitor, Validamycin A, On The Growth Of Aspergillus Flavus, Napasawan Plabutong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Aspergillus flavus is a fungus found in the environment causing keratitis, cutaneous infections, sinusitis, invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in humans. Although this fungus can be treated with antifungal agents, these main antifungal agents have many side effects. Trehalase is an enzyme for digesting trehalose into two glucose subunits and is essential for virulence in many fungi. A trehalase inhibitor, called validamycin A, has been used effectively against a rice fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. In this study, we observed that validamycin A increased trehalose levels significantly in A. flavus spores and delayed the germination of those spores. In addition, to further investigate …

Identification Of Probiotic Bacteria With Anticancer Activity Against Colorectal Cancer In Vitro, Patcharin Prakobwat

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death worldwide. It is ranked third for new cancer patients in Thailand. Colorectal cancer is associated with multifactorial risk factors including the imbalance of gut microbiota. This project aimed to identify Lactobacillus strains isolated from Thai healthy populations that have anticancer activities against colorectal cancer in vitro. Lactobacillus cultured media (LCM) obtained from thirty-nine Lactobacillus strains, previously shown to have anti-inflammatory activity, were selected and used at different concentrations and/or pH adjustment to determine the anti-proliferative effect on HT-29 and Caco-2 colon cancer cells at 24, 48, and 72 h. …

Development Of Polymerase Chain Reaction Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay For Detection Of Human Papillomavirus 16 L1 Gene Methylation, Sasiprapa Liewchalermwong

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

It has been well known that cervical cancer is caused by persistent infections with the high risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) especially HPV16 and 18. However, a minority of HR-HPV infected women developed cancer, therefore, triage test is necessary to particularly select some HR-HPV infected women who are at higher risk to progress to cervical cancer quickly for colposcopy examination. Since HPV16 L1 gene hypermethylation has been reported to be correlated well with high grade cervical lesions and cancer, the present study aims to develop PCR-ELISA for detection of HPV16 L1 gene methylation. Cervical cells were collected from women who referred …

The Role Of Chromatin Structure In Cellular Responses To Bacterial Cytolethal Distending Toxin In Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Model, Siriyod Denmongkholchai

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Cytolethal distending toxin subunit B (CdtB) is a DNase I-like bacterial genotoxin that causes DNA damage leading to cell cycle arrest and cell death. Previous reports demonstrated that CdtB has low level of DNase activity in vitro. Besides, a mutation at histone H2B phosphorylation site required for chromatin condensation during apoptosis (S10A) conferred partial resistance to CdtB in Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. Therefore, we hypothesized that chromatin structure may affect CdtB function. In this study, we identified chromatin regulators required for CdtB cytotoxicity in yeast. We found that deletions of certain components of SWR-complex (SWR1, SWC2, SWC5, SWC6, and ARP6), INO80-complex …

Characterization Of Mait Tcr Repertoire Of Gastrointestinal Tract And Peripheral Blood Mait Cells, Thidarat Kongkaew

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell that rapidly respond to infection. MAIT cells are αβ T cells that possess a Vα7.2 (TRAV1-2) TCR with mostly pairing to TRAJ33, TRAJ20 or TRAJ12 and predominantly TRBV20-1, TRBV6-1 and TRBV6-4. MAIT T cell receptors (TCR) repertoire have been previously studied in peripheral blood. However, data on MAIT TCR repertoire in gastrointestinal tract are lacking. We studied 2 individuals who are underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Blood and biopsies were obtained. PBMCs were isolated from blood and LPLs were isolated from biopsies. Due to the low number of MAIT cells …

Effects Of Non-Albicans Candida Species On Biofilm Formation And Acidogenicity Of Dual-Species Biofilms And On Cariogenic Virulence Gene Expression Of Streptococcus Mutans, Wirunphat Sansanoa

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

Early childhood caries is a common oral disease found in children which could affect their general health. Streptococcus mutans is an important cariogenic pathogen since it possesses cariogenic properties, which are acid production, acid tolerance and biofilm formation. Recent studies showed that Candida albicans, which is frequently found together with S. mutans in plaques of children with dental caries, enhances cariogenicity. At the same time, increasing prevalence of non-albicans Candida species (NACs) in children and immune-compromised patients has been reported. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effects of NACs when co-cultured with S. mutans on cariogenic properties and virulence …