Medical Cell Biology Commons^™

Role Of Sox9 In Cancer Stem Cell Regulation In Lung Cancer Chemoresistance And Particle-Induced Carcinogenesis, Maria Voronkova

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Every year it claims more lives than other common malignancies, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers, combined. And despite recent improvements in disease diagnostics and treatment, drug resistance and tumor relapse remain major contributors to low patient survival. Both issues have been largely attributed to the existence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs). CSCs are a small cell population within heterogeneous tumors that is inherently resistant to apoptosis, chemo- and radiation therapy. Thus, it is critical to elucidate CSC-specific signaling pathways and identify early biomarkers for therapeutic …

Targeting Mitochondria In Cancer Therapy Could Provide A Basis For The Selective Anticancer Activity, Dmitri Rozanov, Anton Cheltsov, Aaron Nilsen, Christopher Boniface, Isaac Forquer, James Korkola, Joe Gray, Multiple Additional Authors

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

To determine the target of the recently identified lead compound NSC130362 that is responsible for its selective anti-cancer efficacy and safety in normal cells, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted. First, NSC13062 was validated as a starting compound for the described SAR studies in a variety of cell-based viability assays. Then, a small library of 1,4-naphthoquinines (1,4-NQs) and quinoline-5,8-diones was tested in cell viability assays using pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells and normal human hepatocytes. The obtained data allowed us to select a set of both non-toxic compounds that preferentially induced apoptosis in cancer cells and toxic compounds that induced …

Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges To Clinical Application, Henry Caplan, Scott D Olson, Akshita Kumar, Mitchell George, Karthik S Prabhakara, Pamela Wenzel, Supinder Bedi, Naama E Toledano-Furman, Fabio Triolo, Julian Kamhieh-Milz, Guido Moll, Charles S Cox

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of in vitro models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel …

Modulation Of Autophagy And Senescence To Enhance The Response To Therapy In Triple Negative Breast Cancer, Liliya Tyutyunyk-Massey

Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Although great strides have been made over the decades in development and optimization of anti-cancer therapies, even highly effective drugs often fail to completely eliminate tumors. Residual tumor cells can enter into a state of dormancy for prolonged periods of time but eventually are able to regain proliferative capacity and reemerge as chemotherapy-resistant disease. Because recurrent disease is a leading contributor to patient’s mortality, it is paramount to identify strategies for effectively destroying residual tumor cells.

Cytotoxic drugs and ionizing radiation are used as standard therapies in a variety of cancers. These modalities induce apoptosis, autophagy and senescence. Senescence …