Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons^™

Avocado Consumption And Markers Of Inflammation: Results From The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis (Mesa), Feon W Cheng, Nikki A Ford, Alexis C Wood, Russell Tracy

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose

Since avocado consumption has been linked to a possible reduction in inflammation, we investigated associations between avocado consumption and markers of inflammation in a population-based multi-ethnic cohort [Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)].

Methods

We used a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) at MESA exam 1 to capture avocado/guacamole consumption. To calculate daily servings of avocado/guacamole, we used both frequency and serving size data from the FFQ. We classified participants into three consumer groups: rare or never (daily serving ≤ 0.03), medium (0.03 < daily serving < 0.1), and heavy (0.1 ≤ daily serving). Inflammation was estimated by natural log-transformed inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, IL-2, IL-6, homocysteine, fibrinogen, TNF-a soluble receptors). We used multivariate general linear regression models to assess associations accounting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, income, energy intake, smoking status, physical activity, diet quality, body mass index, and diabetes type.

Results

Among 5794 MESA participants, the average age and BMI were 62.25 y ± 10.26 and 28.28 ± …

When A Calorie Is Not Just A Calorie: Diet Quality And Timing As Mediators Of Metabolism And Healthy Aging, Maria M Mihaylova, Amandine Chaix, Mirela Delibegovic, Jon J Ramsey, Joseph Bass, Girish Melkani, Rajat Singh, Zheng Chen, William W Ja, Michele Shirasu-Hiza, Mary N Latimer, Julie A Mattison, Anna E Thalacker-Mercer, Vishwa Deep Dixit, Satchidananda Panda, Dudley W Lamming

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

An epidemic of obesity has affected large portions of the world, increasing the risk of developing many different age-associated diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. In contrast with the prevailing notion that "a calorie is just a calorie," there are clear differences, within and between individuals, in the metabolic response to different macronutrient sources. Recent findings challenge this oversimplification; calories from different macronutrient sources or consumed at different times of day have metabolic effects beyond their value as fuel. Here, we summarize discussions conducted at a recent NIH workshop that brought together experts in calorie restriction, macronutrient composition, and …

Orchestration Of Mirna Patterns By Testosterone And Dietary Tomato Carotenoids During Early Prostate Carcinogenesis In Tramp Mice, Lei Wan, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner, Dennis K Pearl, John W Erdman, Nancy E Moran, Steven K Clinton

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: The integrative effects of prostate cancer risk factors, such as diet and endocrine status, on cancer-associated miRNA expression are poorly defined.

Objectives: This study aimed to define the influence of androgens and diet (tomato and lycopene) on prostatic miRNA expression during early carcinogenesis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model.

Methods: Wild type (WT) and TRAMP mice were fed control, tomato-containing, or lycopene-containing diets from 4 to 10 weeks of age. Mice underwent either sham (intact) or castration surgery at 8 wk, and half of the castrated mice received testosterone (2.5 mg/kg body weight/d) at 9 …

Dietary Sources Of Linoleic Acid (La) Differ By Race/Ethnicity In Adults Participating In The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes) Between 2017-2018, Shabnam R Momin, Mackenzie K Senn, Ani Manichaikul, Chaojie Yang, Rasika Mathias, Mimi Phan, Stephen S Rich, Susan Sergeant, Michael Seeds, Lindsay Reynolds, Floyd H Chilton, Alexis C Wood

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Linoleic acid (LA) is a primary n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which is of interest to nutritional professionals as it has been associated with health outcomes. However, as some LA-rich foods offer protection against chronic diseases such as CVD (e.g., fatty fish), while others increase risk (e.g., red meat), the individual foods contributing to LA intake may be an important factor to consider. Therefore, this analysis sought to examine whether there are racial/ethnic differences in the proportion of overall LA intake accounted for by individual food groups, via a cross-sectional analysis of 3815 adults participating in the National Health …

Diet Quality Among Pre-Adolescent African American Girls In A Randomized Controlled Obesity Prevention Intervention Trial, Debbe Thompson, Yiming Mirabile, Noemi Islam, Chishinga Callender, Salma M A Musaad, Julie Miranda, Jennette P Moreno, Jayna M Dave, Tom Baranowski

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Consuming an unhealthy diet increases health risks. This study assessed the impact of a culturally adapted behaviorally innovative obesity prevention intervention (The Butterfly Girls and the Quest for Founder’s Rock) on diet quality in pre-adolescent non-Hispanic Black/African American girls. The RCT consisted of three groups (experimental, comparison, and waitlist control); block randomization allocated participants to each group. The two treatment groups varied in terms of whether or not they set goals. Data were collected at baseline (prior to receiving the intervention), post 1 (3 months post-baseline), and post 2 (6 months post-baseline). Two dietitian-assisted 24 h dietary recalls …

Associations Between Avocado Intake And Lower Rates Of Incident Type 2 Diabetes In Us Adults With Hispanic/Latino Ancestry, Alexis C Wood, Mackenzie K Senn, Jerome I Rotter

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Hispanic/Latinos in the US are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data suggest that avocado intake is associated with better glycemic control, but whether this translates to protection from T2D has not been studied. The goal of the current analyses was to examine whether consuming avocados at baseline is associated with lower incident T2D over a six-year period, compared to not consuming avocados at baseline.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: Using data from a large population of US adults with Hispanic ancestry, without known or unknown T2D at baseline (N=6,159), participants were classified as avocado consumers (N=983) or non-consumers (N=5,176) based …

Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive To Change In Carotenoid Intake In A 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial In A Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample, Stephanie Jilcott Pitts, Nancy E Moran, Melissa N Laska, Qiang Wu, Lisa Harnack, Stacey Moe, Pamela Carr-Manthe, Elizabeth Gates, Jocelyn Chang, Yusuf Zaidi, Abigail Gelineau, Lauren Berg, Neal E Craft

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Reflection spectroscopy, utilized by the Veggie Meter, is a less-expensive, noninvasive method to quantify skin carotenoids and is a valid approximation of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake. However, it is unknown to what degree Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score change is responsive to changes in carotenoid intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate Veggie Meter-assessed skin carotenoid score response in a 6-wk randomized controlled trial of a carotenoid-containing juice to determine whether the Veggie Meter can be used to detect nutritionally relevant changes in carotenoid intake; and to compare skin and plasma carotenoid responses with the 6-wk trial.

Methods: …

Tfeb-Mediated Lysosomal Exocytosis Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Lipotoxicity In The Kidney, Jun Nakamura, Takeshi Yamamoto, Yoshitsugu Takabatake, Tomoko Namba-Hamano, Satoshi Minami, Atsushi Takahashi, Jun Matsuda, Shinsuke Sakai, Hiroaki Yonishi, Shihomi Maeda, Sho Matsui, Isao Matsui, Takayuki Hamano, Masatomo Takahashi, Maiko Goto, Yoshihiro Izumi, Takeshi Bamba, Miwa Sasai, Masahiro Yamamoto, Taiji Matsusaka, Fumio Niimura, Motoko Yanagita, Shuhei Nakamura, Tamotsu Yoshimori, Andrea Ballabio, Yoshitaka Isaka

Duncan NRI Faculty and Staff Publications

Obesity is a major risk factor for end-stage kidney disease. We previously found that lysosomal dysfunction and impaired autophagic flux contribute to lipotoxicity in obesity-related kidney disease, in both humans and experimental animal models. However, the regulatory factors involved in countering renal lipotoxicity are largely unknown. Here, we found that palmitic acid strongly promoted dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) by inhibiting the mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 pathway in a Rag GTPase-dependent manner, though these effects gradually diminished after extended treatment. We then investigated the role of TFEB in the pathogenesis of obesity-related kidney …

Noninvasive Reflection Spectroscopy Measurement Of Skin Carotenoid Score In Infants Is Feasible And Reliable, Nancy E Moran, Jocelyn Chang, Rachel Stroh, Yusuf Zaidi, Noor Hason, Salma Musaad, Teresia O'Connor

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Skin carotenoid measurement by reflection spectroscopy (RS) offers a noninvasive biomarker of carotenoid intake, but feasibility, reliability, and validity are not established in infants.

Objectives: In this study we aimed to determine the feasibility and reliability of 4-mo-old infant skin carotenoid score (SCS) measurement and its correlation with total carotenoid intake and plasma concentrations.

Methods: SCSs were measured in a prospective, observational study with a modified, portable RS device at the index finger and heel of the foot in 4-mo-olds (n = 21). Infant plasma, human milk, and formula carotenoid concentrations were measured by HPLC-photodiode array, and carotenoid intake …

Dietary And Complementary Feeding Practices Of Us Infants, 6 To 12 Months: A Narrative Review Of The Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data, Regan L Bailey, Jaime S Stang, Teresa A Davis, Timothy S Naimi, Barbara O Schneeman, Kathryn G Dewey, Sharon M Donovan, Rachel Novotny, Ronald E Kleinman, Elsie M Taveras, Lydia Bazzano, Linda G Snetselaar, Janet De Jesus, Kellie O Casavale, Eve E Stoody, Joseph D Goldman, Alanna J Moshfegh, Donna G Rhodes, Kirsten A Herrick, Kristin Koegel, Cria G Perrine, Tusarebecca Pannucci

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) are key components of an infant’s diet in the second 6 months of life. This article summarizes nutrition and feeding practices examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees during the CFB life stage. Breastfeeding initiation is high (84%), but exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (26%) is below the Healthy People 2030 goal (42%). Most infants (51%) are introduced to CFBs sometime before 6 months. The primary mode of feeding (ie, human milk fed [HMF]; infant formula or mixed formula and human milk fed [FMF]) at the initiation of CFBs is associated with the timing …

Racial And Ethnic Differences In The Association Of Low-Carbohydrate Diet With Mortality In The Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, Seung-Won Oh, Alexis C Wood, Seung-Sik Hwang, Matthew Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Importance: Evidence linking low-carbohydrate diets (LCDs) to mortality is limited among multiethnic populations.

Objective: To evaluate the association between LCDs and mortality by race and ethnicity.

Design, setting, and participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis is a large, population-based prospective cohort study of adults aged 45 to 84 years recruited from 6 US communities. A total of 6109 participants without baseline cardiovascular disease were included in this analysis. Baseline data were collected from July 2000 to August 2002, with follow-up completed by December 2017. The data were analyzed between May 2021 and April 2022.

Exposures: Food frequency questionnaires were used …

Study Protocol For An Adapted Personal Project Analysis To Measure Vertical Inter-Goal Relations On Physical Activity And Diet, Sara Kassas, Catherine Culot, Geert Crombez, Annique Smeding, Christophe Leys, Debbe Thompson, Ann Desmet

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: The promotion of multiple healthy lifestyles has been implemented as part of public health efforts to prevent and reduce the burden of non-communicable diseases. However, these interventions have shown a heterogeneity in their effectiveness. The pursuit of multiple daily goals may influence overall progress in achieving health goals. Horizontal inter-goal relations can be conflicting (due to time constraints) or facilitating (due to goal compatibility) and impact progress towards goal achievement. Personal values also play an important role in health promotion. Personal values direct attention towards accomplishing a higher-level goal through goal setting. Identifying the conflicting or facilitating relationships between …

Dietary Fat Composition Shapes Bile Acid Metabolism And Severity Of Liver Injury In A Pig Model Of Pediatric Nafld, Rodrigo Manjarín, Kayla Dillard, Morgan Coffin, Gabriella V Hernandez, Victoria A Smith, Trista Noland-Lidell, Tanvi R Gehani, Hayden J Smart, Kevin Wheeler, Kimberly A Sprayberry, Mark S Edwards, Rob K Fanter, Hunter Glanz, Chad Immoos, Tasha M Santiago-Rodriguez, Jason M Blank, Douglas G Burrin, Brian D Piccolo, Mohammed Abo-Ismail, Michael R La Frano, Magdalena Maj

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fatty acid (FA) composition on bile acid (BA) metabolism in a pig model of NAFLD, by using a multiomics approach combined with histology and serum biochemistry. Thirty 20-day-old Iberian pigs pair-housed in pens were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 hypercaloric diets for 10 wk: 1) lard-enriched (LAR; n = 5 pens), 2) olive oil-enriched (OLI; n = 5), and 3) coconut oil-enriched (COC; n = 5). Animals were euthanized on week 10 after blood sampling, and liver, colon, and distal ileum (DI) were …

Re-Analysis And Additional Information Needed To Inform Conclusions Comment On Halenova Et Al Deuterium-Depleted Water As Adjuvant Therapeutic Agent For Treatment Of Diet-Induced Obesity In Rats, Colby J Vorland, Xiwei Chen, Daniella E Chusyd, Luis M Mestre, Stephanie L Dickinson, David B Allison, Andrew W Brown

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

We were interested to read the report by Halenova et al. [...].

State-Of-The-Art Review: Evidence On Red Meat Consumption And Hypertension Outcomes, Tara Shrout Allen, Harpreet S Bhatia, Alexis C Wood, Shabnam R Momin, Matthew A Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Hypertension (HTN) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including ischemic heart disease, stroke, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. The prevalence of HTN, as well as mortality rates attributable to HTN, continue to increase, particularly in the United States and among Black populations. The risk of HTN involves a complex interaction of genetics and modifiable risk factors, including dietary patterns. In this regard, there is accumulating evidence that links dietary intake of red meat with a higher risk of poorly controlled blood pressure and HTN. However, research on this topic contains significant methodological limitations, which are described in …

Adipose Tissue-Specific Ablation Of Ces1d Causes Metabolic Dysregulation In Mice, Gang Li, Xin Li, Li Yang, Shuyue Wang, Yulin Dai, Baharan Fekry, Lucas Veillon, Lin Tan, Rebecca Berdeaux, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Philip L Lorenzi, Zhongming Zhao, Richard Lehner, Kai Sun

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Carboxylesterase 1d (Ces1d) is a crucial enzyme with a wide range of activities in multiple tissues. It has been reported to localize predominantly in ER. Here, we found that Ces1d levels are significantly increased in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Intriguingly, a high level of Ces1d translocates onto lipid droplets where it digests the lipids to produce a unique set of fatty acids. We further revealed that adipose tissue-specific Ces1d knock-out (FKO) mice gained more body weight with increased fat mass during a high fat-diet challenge. The FKO mice exhibited impaired glucose and lipid metabolism and developed exacerbated liver …

The Effect Of Reduced Cp, Synthetic Amino Acid Supplemented Diets On Growth Performance And Nutrient Excretion In Wean To Finish Swine, Caitlin E Vonderohe, Kayla M Mills, Shule Liu, Matthew D Asmus, Emily R Otto-Tice, Brian T Richert, Ji-Qin Ni, John Scott Radcliffe

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Mixed sex pigs (n = 720) were placed in 12 rooms (Purdue Swine Environmental Research Building) to measure the effect of reduced crude protein (CP), amino acid (AA)-supplemented diets on growth and the carcass. Pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and gender and allotted to room and pen (10 mixed-sex pigs/pen). Pigs were fed a nine-phase, wean-finish program. Control pigs consumed corn-soybean meal-distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diets containing no to minimal (Met) synthetic AA. The 2X diet was formulated to meet the seventh most-limiting AA, and balanced using synthetic AAs to meet all AA needs. The …

Associations Between Adherence To The Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension (Dash) Diet And Six Glucose Homeostasis Traits In The Microbiome And Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (Miles), Gautam Ramesh, Alexis C Wood, Matthew A Allison, Stephen S Rich, Elizabeth T Jensen, Yii-Der I Chen, Jerome I Rotter, Alain G Bertoni, Mark O Goodarzi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The DASH diet conveys protection against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) Via plant-based and non-plant-based recommendations. Research has not identified which glucose homeostasis pathways are improved. We examined associations between adherence to a DASH diet and six glucose homeostasis traits, probing whether associations could be attributed to the plant-based (DASH-P) and/or non-plant based (DASH-NP) components.

Methods and results: We included data from 295 adults without T2D (age 59.3 ± 9.00 years; 63.46% non-Hispanic White and 36.54% African American, self-reported race ancestry) participating in the Microbiome and Insulin Longitudinal Evaluation Study (MILES). An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) …

Sustainability Via Active Garden Education: The Sustainability Action Plan Model And Process, Rebecca E Lee, Jacob Szeszulski, Elizabeth Lorenzo, Anel Arriola, Meg Bruening, Paul A Estabrooks, Jennie L Hill, Teresia M O'Connor, Gabriel Q Shaibi, Erica G Soltero, Michael Todd

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Sustainability of intervention programming is challenging to achieve under real world conditions, since few models exist and many studies do not plan far beyond the funding period. Programming content in early care and education centers (ECECs) is often driven by guidelines. However, implementation is very sensitive to contextual factors, such as the setting and implementer (teacher) characteristics. This paper presents the model, definitions, and methodology used for the sustainability action plan capitalizing on a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, developed for a multi-site, multi-level garden-based childhood obesity prevention study, Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE). The Ecologic Model of Obesity …

Β-Carotene Oxygenase 2 Genotype Modulates The Impact Of Dietary Lycopene On Gene Expression During Early Tramp Prostate Carcinogenesis, Nancy E Moran, Jennifer M Thomas-Ahner, Joshua W Smith, Ceasar Silva, Noor A Hason, John W Erdman, Steven K Clinton

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Epidemiologic studies suggest lycopene and tomato intake are inversely associated with human prostate cancer incidence. In the genetically driven murine prostate carcinogenesis model transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP), prostate cancer is inhibited by feeding of lycopene or tomatoes, and these effects are modulated by the β-carotene oxygenase 2 (Bco2) genotype.

Objective: We sought insight into this interaction through evaluation of prostate gene expression patterns during early TRAMP carcinogenesis.

Methods: Three-week-old TRAMP/+ or TRAMP/- × Bco2+/+ or Bco2-/- mice were fed a control, lycopene beadlet, or 10% tomato powder-containing semipurified diet (providing 0, 384 and 462 mg lycopene/kg …

Prolonged Glycemic Adaptation Following Transition From A Low- To High-Carbohydrate Diet: A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial, Lisa T Jansen, Nianlan Yang, Julia M W Wong, Tapan Mehta, David B Allison, David S Ludwig, Cara B Ebbeling

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Consuming ≥150 g/day carbohydrate is recommended for 3 days before an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diabetes diagnosis. For evaluation of this recommendation, time courses of glycemic changes following transition from a very-low-carbohydrate (VLC) to high-carbohydrate diet were assessed with continuous glucose monitoring (CGM).

Research design and methods: After achieving a weight loss target of 15% (±3%) on the run-in VLC diet, participants (18-50 years old, BMI ≥27 kg/m2) were randomly assigned for 10 weeks to one of three isoenergetic diets: VLC (5% carbohydrate and 77% fat); high carbohydrate, high starch (HC-Starch) (57% carbohydrate and 25% fat, including …

Pressure-Mediated Reflection Spectroscopy Criterion Validity As A Biomarker Of Fruit And Vegetable Intake: A 2-Site Cross-Sectional Study Of 4 Racial Or Ethnic Groups, Stephanie B Jilcott Pitts, Nancy E Moran, Qiang Wu, Lisa Harnack, Neal E Craft, Neil Hanchard, Ronny Bell, Stacey G Moe, Nevin Johnson, Justice Obasohan, Pamela L Carr-Manthe, Melissa N Laska

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Valid biomarkers of fruit and vegetable (FV) intake are needed for field-based nutrition research.

Objectives: To examine criterion-related validity of pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy as a proxy measure of FV intake, using plasma carotenoids and self-reported FV and carotenoid intake as primary and secondary criterion measures, respectively.

Methods: Healthy adults 18-65 y of age, self-identifying as African American/black (n = 61), Asian (n = 53), white (n = 70), or Hispanic (n = 29), in North Carolina and Minnesota were recruited. Skin carotenoids were assessed via pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter), skin melanin via spectrophotometer, and total plasma carotenoid concentration …

Dash Diet Adherence And Cognitive Function: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, George D Daniel, Haiying Chen, Alain G Bertoni, Stephen R Rapp, Annette L Fitzpatrick, José A Luchsinger, Alexis C Wood, Timothy M Hughes, Gregory L Burke, Kathleen M Hayden

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with better cognitive function in studies of predominantly White participants; few studies have examined this association in diverse cohorts. Our objective was to examine the association between the DASH diet and cognitive function in the diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.

Methods: Among 4169 MESA participants, we evaluated prospectively, the association between DASH diet adherence and cognitive function. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002) and cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding …

High-Fructose, High-Fat Diet Alters Muscle Composition And Fuel Utilization In A Juvenile Iberian Pig Model Of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Heather C Spooner, Stefani A Derrick, Magdalena Maj, Rodrigo Manjarín, Gabriella V Hernandez, Deepali S Tailor, Parisa S Bastani, Rob K Fanter, Marta L Fiorotto, Douglas G Burrin, Michael R La Frano, Angelos K Sikalidis, Jason M Blank

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious metabolic condition affecting millions of people worldwide. A “Western-style diet” has been shown to induce pediatric NAFLD with the potential disruption of skeletal muscle composition and metabolism. To determine the in vivo effect of a “Western-style diet” on pediatric skeletal muscle fiber type and fuel utilization, 28 juvenile Iberian pigs were fed either a control diet (CON) or a high-fructose, high-fat diet (HFF), with or without probiotic supplementation, for 10 weeks. The HFF diets increased the total triacylglycerol content of muscle tissue but decreased intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) content and the number of …

Perspectives Of Black And Hispanic Children Living In Under-Resourced Communities On Meal Preparation And Grocery Shopping Behaviors: Implications For Nutrition Education, Chishinga Callender, Denisse Velazquez, Meheret Adera, Jayna M Dave, Norma Olvera, Tzuan A Chen, Shana Alford, Debbe Thompson

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Minority children living in under-resourced communities are at the greatest risk for obesity and poor diet quality. Child involvement in meal preparation may be a helpful strategy to improve diet quality. This paper explores minority children's perspectives regarding this. Eighteen children participated in a mixed methods study (online surveys, telephone interviews). Descriptive statistics were calculated for child demographic and psychosocial factors. Thematic analysis was used to code and analyze the interviews. Most children reported having cooking experience (83%) and cooking with family (94%) and exhibited high cooking self-efficacy (21.8 ± 2.9) and positive cooking attitudes (25.7 ± 4.4). Children reported …

Associations Of Diet With Cardiometabolic And Inflammatory Profiles In Pregnant Women At Risk For Metabolic Complications, Kataryna Jaworsky, Jeffrey L. Ebersole, Petar Planinic, Arpita Basu

Dental Medicine Faculty Research

Dietary intakes play an important role in the development of metabolic complications during pregnancy. While reported observational studies reveal an inverse association of healthy diets with weight gain, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive complications during pregnancy, there is a paucity of studies conducted among women of specific ethnicities vulnerable to higher risks of pregnancy complications. This is a secondary cross sectional analysis using baseline data from a previously reported clinical trial. We aim to identify associations of maternal habitual dietary intakes with cardiometabolic risks and inflammatory profiles in primarily African American (AA) and Hispanic women in the first half of pregnancy. …

Development Of Food Pattern Recommendations For Infants And Toddlers 6-24 Months Of Age To Support The Dietary Guidelines For Americans, 2020-2025, Kathryn G Dewey, Tusarebecca Pannucci, Kellie O Casavale, Teresa A Davis, Sharon M Donovan, Ronald E Kleinman, Elsie M Taveras, Regan L Bailey, Rachel Novotny, Barbara O Schneeman, Jamie Stang, Janet De Jesus, Eve E Stoody

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Developing food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) for infants and toddlers is a complex task that few countries have attempted.

Objectives: Our objectives are to describe the process of food pattern modeling (FPM) conducted to develop FBDGs for the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025 for infants 6 to <12 mo and toddlers 12 to <24 mo of age, as well as the implications of the results and areas needing further work.

Methods: The US 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, with the support of federal staff, conducted FPM analyses using 5 steps: 1) identified energy intake targets; 2) established nutritional goals; 3) identified food groupings and expected amounts, using 3 options for the amount of energy from human milk in each age interval; 4) estimated …

Challenges In Feeding Children Posed By The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review Of Changes In Dietary Intake Combined With A Dietitian's Perspective, Heather Campbell, Alexis C Wood

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose of review: To examine the evidence that the dietary quality of children changed between the period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic and the first year during the pandemic.

Recent findings: A systematic review of the evidence for dietary changes occurring as a result of the pandemic-related restrictions, in Part I of this article, yielded 38 original research articles. These articles had conflicting results, some describing improvements in overall quality and some describing deteriorations. As a whole the studies were characterized by a low study quality, and children were poorly represented. Taken together, these studies do not provide enough evidence to …

Adipose Tissue Hyaluronan Production Improves Systemic Glucose Homeostasis And Primes Adipocytes For Cl 316,243-Stimulated Lipolysis, Yi Zhu, Na Li, Mingyang Huang, Mason Bartels, Sophie Dogné, Shangang Zhao, Xi Chen, Clair Crewe, Leon Straub, Lavanya Vishvanath, Zhuzhen Zhang, Mengle Shao, Yongjie Yang, Christy M Gliniak, Ruth Gordillo, Gordon I Smith, William L Holland, Rana K Gupta, Bingning Dong, Nathalie Caron, Yong Xu, Yucel Akgul, Samuel Klein, Philipp E Scherer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Plasma hyaluronan (HA) increases systemically in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and the HA synthesis inhibitor, 4-Methylumbelliferone, has been proposed to treat the disease. However, HA is also implicated in normal physiology. Therefore, we generated a Hyaluronan Synthase 2 transgenic mouse line, driven by a tet-response element promoter to understand the role of HA in systemic metabolism. To our surprise, adipocyte-specific overproduction of HA leads to smaller adipocytes and protects mice from high-fat-high-sucrose-diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. Adipocytes also have more free glycerol that can be released upon beta3 adrenergic stimulation. Improvements in glucose tolerance were not linked to increased plasma …

Simple Energy Balance Or Microbiome For Childhood Obesity Prevention?, Tom Baranowski, Kathleen J Motil

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity prevention interventions generally have either not worked or had effects inadequate to mitigate the problem. They have been predicated on the simple energy balance model, which has been severely questioned by biological scientists. Numerous other etiological mechanisms have been proposed, including the intestinal microbiome, which has been related to childhood obesity in numerous ways. Public health research is needed in regard to diet and the microbiome, which hopefully will lead to effective child obesity prevention.