Biochemical Phenomena, Metabolism, and Nutrition Commons^™

Radiation-Induced Glutamate Transport Alterations In Neuron-Astrocyte Coupling, Martha Celia Sanchez

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Exposure of the central nervous system (CNS) to ionizing radiation is known to result in behavioral, cognitive, and motor deficits - effects similar to those seen in many neurodegenerative disorders. Neurons and astrocytes, two principal cell types in the brain, coexist as an interdependent metabolic unit via the neurotransmitter glutamate. Disruption of this metabolic coupling would have widespread effects within the CNS, therefore it is hypothesized that ionizing radiation impairs glutamate transport and metabolism, and increases oxidative stress, ultimately impairing neuron-astrocyte coupling. We propose to investigate the mechanism and determine the impetus for radiation-induced neurotoxicity by measuring the temporal sequence …

Gender Bias Of Cardiovascular Risk In Caucasian Type Ii Diabetics: A Haemostatic Explanation?, William Quirke

Theses

People with type II diabetes are disproportionately affected by cardiovascular disease compared to those without diabetes. The relative risk of cardiovascular disease caused by type II diabetes is higher in females than in males. This risk has not been fully explained by traditional risk factors and attention has turned to the possible role of haemostatic abnormalities in explaining the excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among diabetic females. We examined specific parameters of the coagulation (factor VII, factor VIII, von Willebrand factor, fibrinogen) and fibrinolytic (plasminogen activator inhibitor- 1, thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor) system in 113 Irish Caucasian type II diabetics to …

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Lori Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Arshad Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Walnuts Compared To Fatty Fish On Plasma And Erythrocyte Fatty Acid Composition, Lymphocyte Subsets And Inflammatory Mediators, Yu-Lan Ching

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of walnuts vs. fatty fish on circulating inflammatory markers, on lymphocyte subsets, on plasma concentrations of eicosanoids precursor polyunsaturated fatty acid and on erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition. Under controlled metabolic feeding conditions and randomized crossover (3x3 Latin-square) design, 27 subjects alternately consumed a control diet, a walnut diet (1.5 oz (42.5g) /day of walnuts, 6 times/week) or a fish diet (8 oz (226g) /week of salmon) for 4 weeks each. Consumption of the walnut diet (ALA 5.43 g/day) compared to the fish diet (EPA 170 mg/day and DHA 590 …

The Acute Effects Of Nut Ingestion On Plasma Levels Of Polyphenol Compounds, Biomarkers Of Antioxidant Status, And Lipid Peroxidation, Setareh Torabian Esfahani

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nuts are rich sources of polyphenolic compounds and nutrients, which have antioxidant capacity. To assess the acute effect of treatment diet (75% of energy from nuts (walnut or almond) and control diet (habitual diet with no nut consumption) in healthy subjects on plasma total phenol content, antioxidant capacity and plasma lipid peroxidation. Thirteen subjects participated in the crossover design study. After an overnight fast, walnut, almond and a control diet, in form of smoothies, were consumed by the study subjects. Each subject participated on three occasions one week apart, consuming one of the smoothies each time. Blood samples were obtained …

Activation In Neural Networks Controlling Ingestive Behaviors: What Does It Mean, And How Do We Map And Measure It?, Alan Watts, Arshad Khan, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Dawna Salter, Christina Neuner

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Activation In Neural Networks Controlling Ingestive Behaviors: What Does It Mean, And How Do We Map And Measure It?, Watts, Arshad Khan, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Dawna Salter, Christina Neuner

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Feeding Regular Eggs, N-3 Fatty Acid Enriched Eggs, And Walnuts, On Blood Lipids, Membrane Incorporation Of Fatty Acids, And Serum Lutein, In Free-Living Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians, Bonny Burns-Whitmore

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Americans do not receive enough n-3 fatty acids (F. A.) in their diets. Walnuts are good source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), while n-3 F.A. enriched eggs provide a dietary source of DHA. Whether ALA and DHA have equivalent effects modifying cardiovascular risk factors is not known. This study compared the changes in blood and erythrocyte membrane lipids in twenty free-living lacto-ovo vegetarians following the consumption of regular eggs (6/wk), n-3 F.A. enriched eggs (6/wk), or walnuts (6 oz/wk) in a triple crossover design.

Results indicate significant differences between treatments for serum triacylglycerols (TAGs), total cholesterol (TC), apo B, apo B: …

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Arshad Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Feeding Stimulation: Differential Contributions Of Src Family Tyrosine Kinases To Feeding Triggered Either By Nmda Injection Or By Food Deprivation, Khan, Herman Cheung, Elizabeth Gillard, Jennifer Palarca, Derek Welsbie, James Gurd, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Arshad Khan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Intravenous 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Injection Rapidly Elevates Levels Of The Phosphorylated Forms Of P44/42 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (Extracellularly Regulated Kinases 1/2) In Rat Hypothalamic Parvicellular Paraventricular Neurons, Khan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Monounsaturated Fat Rich Almonds On Hemostatic And Inflammatory Factors In Healthy Adults, Kristianne M. Connell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Background: The frequent consumption of nuts is inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Nuts are known to decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing serum total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. Markers of inflammation including C-reactive protein, E-selectin and interleukin-6 have been proposed to be newer risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, the influence of nuts such as almonds on markers of inflammation and hemostasis that influence cardiovascular disease risk is not currently known.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of almond consumption on markers of inflammation and hemostatic factors in healthy …

Glucocorticoid Regulation Of Insulin Like Growth Factor Binding Protein-5 Gene Transcription In Human Osteoblasts, Xiaoying Wang

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Glucocorticoids (GCs) inhibit bone formation in vivo and inhibit osteoblast proliferation and collagen synthesis in vitro. These effects may be mediated by alterations in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system. In the present study of normal human osteoblast-like (HOB) cells, we tested the hypothesis that dexamethasone (Dex) inhibits the expression of IGF binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5). Dex decreased IGFBP-5 mRNA levels to 54% of control after 4 hr. Dex did not modify the decay of IGFBP-5 mRNA in transcriptionally arrested osteoblast cells. Dex decreased IGFBP-5 hnRNA levels to 67% of control after 2 hr, and the activity of the human IGFBP- …

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Arshad Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Subunit Nr2b Is Widely Expressed Throughout The Rat Diencephalon: An Immunohistochemical Study, Khan, B. Stanley, Lisa Bozzetti, Christina Chin, Cyndi Stivers, Margarita Curras-Collazo

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Investigations Of The Absorption And Metabolismof Antioxidant Flavonols, Abdul Aziz Azlina

Student Works (2000-2009)

Flavonols are polyphenols, secondary plant metabolites commonly found in plants and foods of plant origin. They have widespread biological properties in the human body. The recent discovery of their potential antioxidant activities has prompted extensive research. Flavonols particularly quercetin are potent antioxidants with higher antioxidant properties than the well known antioxidant vitamins C and E. Several epidemiology studies have demonstrated a strong inverse association between flavonoid intake and risk of coronary heart disease. The association with cancer is less defined with only some studies showing an inverse association and others not. In view of their potential to act as antioxidants …

Lateral Hypothalamic Nmda Receptor Subunits Nr2a And/Or Nr2b Mediate Eating: Immunochemical/Behavioral Evidence, Arshad Khan, Margarita Curras, Jennifer Dao, Faizi Jamal, Rishi Goel, Elizabeth Gillard, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Lateral Hypothalamic Nmda Receptor Subunits Nr2a And/Or Nr2b Mediate Eating: Immunochemical/Behavioral Evidence, Khan, Margarita Curras, Jennifer Dao, Faizi Jamal, Rishi Goel, Elizabeth Gillard, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Elizabeth Gillard, Arshad Khan, Rickinder Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

The Second Messenger Camp Elicits Eating By An Anatomically Specific Action In The Perifornical Hypothalamus, Gillard, Arshad Khan, Rickinder Grewal, Bara Mouradi, Stefany Wolfsohn, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Eating Induced By Perifornical Camp Is Behaviorally Selective And Involves Protein Kinase Activity, Elizabeth Gillard, Arshad Khan, Bara Mouradi, Omkar Nalamwar, B. Stanley

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Eating Induced By Perifornical Camp Is Behaviorally Selective And Involves Protein Kinase Activity, Gillard, Arshad Khan, Bara Mouradi, Omkar Nalamwar, B. Stanley

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

Biotransformation Of Bile Acids, Cholesterol And Steroids. Chapter 13 In: The Ecology And Physiology Of Gastrointestinal Microbes. Vol. 1, New York, Chapman And Hall., Stephen Baron, Phillip B. Hylemon

Biology Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Signal Transduction In Bacterial Chemotaxis, Edward Heath Rowsell

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study investigated the site of ATP utilization in the signal transduction pathway of bacterial chemotaxis and localized the point of convergence of a methylation-independent system of chemotaxis with the methylation-dependent system. The identity of the signal originating from the phosphotransferase system was investigated by substituting the fructose-inducible HPr-like protein FPr for HPr in transport and chemotaxis. In addition, a novel chemoattractant, glycerol, was identified for Salmonella typhimurium. Histidine-auxotrophic S. typhimurium strains ST23 (hisF) and ST171 (hisF cheB) were depleted for ATP. The times required for the bacteria to adapt to a step increase in serine, …

Thymic Peptide Modulates Glutathione Redox Cycle And Antioxidant Enzymes In Macrophages, Choon Sil Park

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The effect of a 6-kDa thymic peptide (TP) on the oxidative burst of a murine macrophage cell line J774 was determined. TP (12.5-200 μg/ml) was incubated with 5 x 10⁵ J774 cells at 37° C and 5% C0₂ for 18 h and oxidative burst was triggered by zymosan; chemiluminescence was amplified by luminol and measured in an automated luminometer. TP exhibited a concentration-dependent inhibition of oxidative burst. To study the mechanisms involved in TP’s inhibition of oxidative burst, its effect on the glutathione (GSH) redox cycle, GSH biosynthesis, and antioxidant enzymes was investigated. TP was shown to increase …

Molecular Mechanism Of The Stimulation Of Alkaline Phosphatase Activity In Human Bone Cells By 1,25(Oh)2 D3, Eru Kyeyune-Nyombi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To facilitate this study an in vitro human model system was established that exhibited many aspects of normal osteoblasts. The human osteosarcoma cell line (TE85 cells) expressed a skeletal alkaline phosphatase activity (an accepted bone cell differentiation marker) which was stimulated by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ (a potent differentiating agent), under serum-free conditions in a dose-dependent, time-dependent, and cell density-dependent manner. Cytochemical analysis of the stimulation of ALP activity by 1,25(OH)₂D₃ showed that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ increased the number of TE85 cells that expressed detectable ALP activity, suggesting that 1,25(OH)₂D₃ promoted the process …