Medical Sciences Commons^™

College Student-Athlete Perceptions Of Characterizations And Interpersonal Trust In Their Athletic Trainer: A Point-Of-Care Research Study, Ryan N. Moran, Deidre Leaver-Dunn, Jeff Allen, Jessica Wallace

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Patient-centered care is essential in athletic training with limited research examining the relationship between patient and clinician. Previous theory has identified constructs of quality athletic trainers (ATs); however, it remains unknown how current athletes perceive these theorized constructs in the ATs providing them medical care. The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of characterizations of a quality athletic trainer and interpersonal trust between the student-athlete and AT in the collegiate setting and establish reliability of these surveys. A second aim was to explore differences between sex, previous exposure to an AT, and having had access to an …

The Impact Of Video-Assisted Education On Knowledge And Retention Compared To Paper Education Material, Keiona M. Nance, Matthew J. Drescher, Lindsey E. Eberman, Matthew J. Rivera

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

When educating patients, clinicians must be effective to assure patients understand their treatment plan and abide by such to achieve optimal outcomes. Teaching methods that stimulate numerous senses more positively impact learning outcomes. The purpose of this study is to compare paper and video-assisted education at the point-of-care with the aim of changing patient education and local practice in a system for individuals undergoing total hip arthroplasties (THAs). We used a randomized cohort design to explore patient knowledge and retention and educational method at the point-of-care. We compared the current education method (paper) to video-assisted materials using pre and post-education …

Exploratory Clinical Assessment And Treatment Of Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation Post Concussion: A Case Study, Megan Coker, James May

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

The physiological alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) function due to concussion are suggested to play a role in persistent post-concussion symptoms (PPCS). Currently, there are few objective and clinically feasible measurements to assess ANS vitality in patients experiencing PPCS. The following case study details an assessment and treatment protocol targeted towards regulating the ANS in an adolescent female suffering from PPCS one month after injury. Pre-intervention, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) used to assess perceived pain, anxiety, stress, and breathing function were administered as well as a physical assessment performed for breath function and vagus nerve integrity. The patient was …

Comparing Mental Health Between Ncaa Division Iii Student-Athletes Competing In Team- And Individual-Sports, Autumn Presley, Tiffany Franklin, Jeffrey Williams

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

Mental health is a topic that has gained attention in recent years, but few studies have examined NCAA Division III student-athletes. Division III student-athletes are known to experience high levels of distress, and previous literature indicates there may be a significant psychological difference between student-athletes who compete in individual-sports compared to those who participate in team-sports. The purpose of this study was to explore mental health challenges (levels of depression, stress, and anxiety symptoms) among Division III student-athletes, particularly between those participating in team- and individual-sports. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The independent variable was group (team-sport athletes and …

Medical Disqualification As A Barrier To Healthcare In Military Service Members, Kaitlyn A. Jones, Joshua R. Jaime, Zachary K. Winkelmann

Clinical Practice in Athletic Training

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Evaluation Of The Effect Of Vitamin D Deficiency On Liver And Kidney Functions Of Iraqi Type Ii Diabetic Patients, Alaa Matar, Sarah Al-Tamimi, Jamilah Borjac

BAU Journal - Science and Technology

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widespread across different age groups globally, linking to conditions such as cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune disorders, and notably type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Investigating the impact of vitamin D on T2DM and associated kidney and liver functions has gained recent attention.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the effect of vitamin D deficiency on kidney and liver functions in T2DM Iraqi patients.

Methods: Fifty T2DM patients and 50 controls were enrolled in this study. Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), vitamin D, urea, creatinine, bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline …

The Complexity And Significance Of Fibroblast Growth Factor (Fgf) Signaling For Fgf-Targeted Cancer Therapies, Anh Nguyen, Caroline Facey, Bruce Boman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have diverse functions in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation in development, tissue maintenance, wound repair, and angiogenesis. The goal of this review paper is to (i) deliberate on the role of FGFs and FGF receptors (FGFRs) in different cancers, (ii) present advances in FGF-targeted cancer therapies, and (iii) explore cell signaling mechanisms that explain how FGF expression becomes dysregulated during cancer development. FGF is often mutated and overexpressed in cancer and the different FGF and FGFR isoforms have unique expression patterns and distinct roles in different cancers. Among the FGF members, the FGF 15/19 …

Double-Blind Randomised Trial Of Saline Solution For Gargling And Nasal Rinsing In Sars-Cov-2 Infection, Sebastian R Espinoza, Lexton Trauffler, Amir Shamshirsaz, Alireza Shamshirsaz, Andres Espinoza, Jimmy Espinoza, Alice O'Brien

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Previous studies have shown that hypertonic saline nasal irrigation and gargling reduced the duration of symptoms in upper respiratory infections caused by coronavirus. This study aims to investigate the effects of two saline regimens on symptoms associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: Between 2020 and 2022, individuals aged 18-65 years who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were randomly assigned to either low- or high-saline regimens for 14 days. The low-saline solutions contained 2.13 g of salt dissolved in eight ounces of warm water, while the high-saline solution contained six grams of …

Cultivating Compassion: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation Of Empathy Among Medical Undergraduate Students, Anchu R Nath, Ishika Jindal, Nayanabai Shabadi, Sunil Kumar D

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

ABSTRACT:

BACKGROUND: Empathy plays a crucial role in medical practice, profoundly affecting patient outcomes and treatment. Understanding the factors that influence empathy among medical students can help in developing strategies to enhance empathetic skills during medical training. This study aims to evaluate the correlates of empathy among medical undergraduate students using an epidemiological cross-sectional design.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 270 medical undergraduate students from various academic years at JSS Medical College for four months (September 2023-December 2023). Convenient sampling was used to select study participants. Participants completed a standardized empathy questionnaire, the Jefferson Scale …

Unravelling An Unusual Blastoma In An Infant With Confusing Radiological Diagnosis, Arun Viswanathan Dr, Santosh Rai, Harsha Prasad Lashkari, Jayateertha Joshi

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

We report an unusual case of an 8-month-old child, who presented to us with a mass per abdomen with confusing imaging characteristics reported as a germ cell tumour / Neuroblastoma.

Patient presented with a large mass per abdomen which had both retroperitoneal and intraperitoneal components and was compressing the adjacent structures and was appearing heterogenous with calcifications within. The more favoured diagnosis on imaging was a peritoneal or retroperitoneal germ cell tumor / Neuroblastoma. Repeated imaging revealed that the mass was abutting / compressing the left lobe of the liver and high AFP beta HCG and LDH values were noted. …

Total Polyphenol Content, Antioxidant Potential, Antibacterial And Antifungal Properties Of Ferula L. Species Growing In Tajikistan, Saidbeg Satorov, Sulkhya Mavlonazarova, Salomuddin Yusufi, Vyacheslav Dushenkov

Publications and Research

The plants of the genus Ferula L. have long been recognized for their significant roles in traditional medicine in the Middle East and Asia, a heritage that we deeply respect and appreciate. A diverse array of biologically active compounds, particularly concentrated in the roots of various Ferula species, accounts for their broad range of medicinal properties and applications in folk medicine. Many species within this genus are noted for their high content of phenolic compounds, which exhibit potent antioxidant activity and demonstrate substantial antimicrobial and antifungal properties.

Alcohol-Induced Gut Microbial Reorganization And Associated Overproduction Of Phenylacetylglutamine Promotes Cardiovascular Disease, Zhen Li, Min Gu, Aline Zaparte, Xiaoming Fu, Kala Mahen, Marko Mrdjen, Xinmin S. Li, Zhihong Yang, Jing Ma, Themis Thoudam, Kristina Chandler, Maggie Hesler, Laura Heathers, Kiersten Gorse, Thanh Trung Van, David Wong, Aaron M. Gibson, Zeneng Wang, Christopher M. Taylor, Pearl Quijada, Catherine A. Makarewich, Stanley L. Hazen, Suthat Liangpunsakul, J Mark Brown, David J. Lefer, David A. Welsh, Thomas E. Sharp

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The mechanism(s) underlying gut microbial metabolite (GMM) contribution towards alcohol-mediated cardiovascular disease (CVD) is unknown. Herein we observe elevation in circulating phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), a known CVD-associated GMM, in individuals living with alcohol use disorder. In a male murine binge-on-chronic alcohol model, we confirm gut microbial reorganization, elevation in PAGln levels, and the presence of cardiovascular pathophysiology. Fecal microbiota transplantation from pair-/alcohol-fed mice into naïve male mice demonstrates the transmissibility of PAGln production and the CVD phenotype. Independent of alcohol exposure, pharmacological-mediated increases in PAGln elicits direct cardiac and vascular dysfunction. PAGln induced hypercontractility and altered calcium cycling in isolated cardiomyocytes …

Transition To Enteral Triazole Antifungal Therapy For Pediatric Invasive Candidiasis: Secondary Analysis Of A Multicenter Cohort Study Conducted By The Pediatric Fungal Network, Robert F T Bucayu, Craig L K Boge, Inci Yildirim, Martha Avilés-Robles, Surabhi B Vora, David M Berman, Tanvi S Sharma, Lillian Sung, Elio Castagnola, Debra L Palazzi, Lara Danziger-Isakov, Dwight E Yin, Emmanuel Roilides, Gabriela Maron, Alison C Tribble, Pere Soler-Palacin, Eduardo López-Medina, José Romero, Kiran Belani, Antonio C Arrieta, Fabianne Carlesse, Dawn Nolt, Natasha Halasa, Daniel Dulek, Sujatha Rajan, William J Muller, Monica I Ardura, Alice Pong, Blanca E Gonzalez, Christine M Salvatore, Anna R Huppler, Catherine Aftandilian, Mark J Abzug, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Michael Green, Irja Lutsar, Elizabeth D Knackstedt, Sarah K Johnson, William J Steinbach, Brian T Fisher, Rachel L Wattier

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Of 319 children with invasive candidiasis, 67 (21%) transitioned from intravenous to enteral antifungal therapy. Eight (12%) transitioned back to intravenous antifungal therapy, one due to perceived treatment failure defined by clinical progression or worsening. Global treatment response at study completion was successful in 66 participants who transitioned to enteral therapy.

Orthogonal And Multiplexable Genetic Perturbations With An Engineered Prime Editor And A Diverse Rna Array, Qichen Yuan, Hongzhi Zeng, Tyler C Daniel, Qingzhuo Liu, Yongjie Yang, Emmanuel C Osikpa, Qiaochu Yang, Advaith Peddi, Liliana M Abramson, Boyang Zhang, Yong Xu, Xue Gao

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Programmable and modular systems capable of orthogonal genomic and transcriptomic perturbations are crucial for biological research and treating human genetic diseases. Here, we present the minimal versatile genetic perturbation technology (mvGPT), a flexible toolkit designed for simultaneous and orthogonal gene editing, activation, and repression in human cells. The mvGPT combines an engineered compact prime editor (PE), a fusion activator MS2-p65-HSF1 (MPH), and a drive-and-process multiplex array that produces RNAs tailored to different types of genetic perturbation. mvGPT can precisely edit human genome via PE coupled with a prime editing guide RNA and a nicking guide RNA, activate endogenous gene expression …

Age-Dependent Regulation Of Axoglial Interactions And Behavior By Oligodendrocyte Ankyring, Xiaoyun Ding, Yu Wu, Anna Vainshtein, Victoria Rodriguez, Emily Ricco, James T Okoh, Yanhong Liu, Daniel C Kraushaar, Elior Peles, Matthew N Rasband

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The bipolar disorder (BD) risk gene ANK3 encodes the scaffolding protein AnkyrinG (AnkG). In neurons, AnkG regulates polarity and ion channel clustering at axon initial segments and nodes of Ranvier. Disruption of neuronal AnkG causes BD-like phenotypes in mice. During development, AnkG is also expressed at comparable levels in oligodendrocytes and facilitates the efficient assembly of paranodal junctions. However, the physiological roles of glial AnkG in the mature nervous system, and its contributions to BD-like phenotypes, remain unexplored. Here, we show that oligodendroglia-specific AnkG conditional knockout results in destabilization of axoglial interactions in aged but not young adult mice. In …

Dlk-Dependent Axonal Mitochondrial Fission Drives Degeneration After Axotomy, Jorge Gómez-Deza, Matthew Nebiyou, Mor R Alkaslasi, Francisco M Nadal-Nicolás, Preethi Somasundaram, Anastasia L Slavutsky, Wei Li, Michael E Ward, Trent A Watkins, Claire E Le Pichon

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Currently there are no effective treatments for an array of neurodegenerative disorders to a large part because cell-based models fail to recapitulate disease. Here we develop a reproducible human iPSC-based model where laser axotomy causes retrograde axon degeneration leading to neuronal cell death. Time-lapse confocal imaging revealed that damage triggers an apoptotic wave of mitochondrial fission proceeding from the site of injury to the soma. We demonstrate that this apoptotic wave is locally initiated in the axon by dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK). We find that mitochondrial fission and resultant cell death are entirely dependent on phosphorylation of dynamin related …

The Win Ratio Approach In Bayesian Monitoring For Two-Arm Phase Ii Clinical Trial Designs With Multiple Time-To-Event Endpoints, Xinran Huang, Jian Wang, Jing Ning

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

To assess the preliminary therapeutic impact of a novel treatment, futility monitoring is commonly employed in Phase II clinical trials to facilitate informed decisions regarding the early termination of trials. Given the rapid evolution in cancer treatment development, particularly with new agents like immunotherapeutic agents, the focus has often shifted from objective response to time-to-event endpoints. In trials involving multiple time-to-event endpoints, existing monitoring designs typically select one as the primary endpoint or employ a composite endpoint as the time to the first occurrence of any event. However, relying on a single efficacy endpoint may not adequately evaluate an experimental …

Bayesian Nonparametric Model For Heterogeneous Treatment Effects With Zero-Inflated Data, Chanmin Kim, Yisheng Li, Ting Xu, Zhongxing Liao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

One goal of precision medicine is to develop effective treatments for patients by tailoring to their individual demographic, clinical, and/or genetic characteristics. To achieve this goal, statistical models must be developed that can identify and evaluate potentially heterogeneous treatment effects in a robust manner. The oft-cited existing methods for assessing treatment effect heterogeneity are based upon parametric models with interactions or conditioning on covariate values, the performance of which is sensitive to the omission of important covariates and/or the choice of their values. We propose a new Bayesian nonparametric (BNP) method for estimating heterogeneous causal effects in studies with zero-inflated …

Nos Inhibition Sensitizes Metaplastic Breast Cancer To Pi3k Inhibition And Taxane Therapy Via C-Jun Repression, Tejaswini Reddy, Akshjot Puri, Liliana Guzman-Rojas, Christoforos Thomas, Wei Qian, Jianying Zhou, Hong Zhao, Bijan Mahboubi, Adrian Oo, Young-Jae Cho, Baek Kim, Jose Thaiparambil, Roberto Rosato, Karina Ortega Martinez, Maria Florencia Chervo, Camila Ayerbe, Noah Giese, David Wink, Stephen Lockett, Stephen Wong, Jeffrey Chang, Savitri Krishnamurthy, Clinton Yam, Stacy Moulder, Helen Piwnica-Worms, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Jenny Chang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a highly chemoresistant subtype of breast cancer with no standardized therapy options. A clinical study in anthracycline-refractory MpBC patients suggested that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA) may augment anti-tumor efficacy of taxane. We report that NOS blockade potentiated response of human MpBC cell lines and tumors to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor alpelisib and taxane. Mechanistically, NOS blockade leads to a decrease in the S-nitrosylation of c-Jun NH

Vaccines Targeting P53 Mutants Elicit Anti-Tumor Immunity, Dafei Chai, Xu Wang, Chunmei Fan, Junhao Wang, Jing Ming Lim, Xinfang Yu, Ken H Young, Yong Li

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The p53 tumor suppressor is commonly mutated in cancer; however, there are no effective treatments targeting p53 mutants. A DNA vaccine gWIZ-S237G targeting the p53 S237G mutant, which is highly expressed in A20 murine tumor cells, was developed and administered intramuscularly via electroporation, either alone or in combination with PD1 blockade. The anti-p53-S237G immunization elicited a robust protective response against subcutaneous A20 tumors and facilitated the infiltration of immune cells including CD8+ T cells, NK cells, and DCs. The vaccine enhanced the induction and maturation of CD11c+, CD103+CD11c+, and CD8+CD11c+ cells, which in turn promoted tumor-specific antibody production, as well …

Role Of Nf2 Mutation In The Development Of Eleven Different Cancers, Shervin Hosseingholi Nouri, Vijay Nitturi, Elizabeth Ledbetter, Collin W English, Sean Lau, Tiemo J Klisch, Akash J Patel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background/Objectives: With the rise in prevalence of diagnostic genetic techniques like RNA sequencing and whole exome sequencing (WES), as well as biological treatment regiments for cancer therapy, several genes have been implicated in carcinogenesis. This review aims to update our understanding of the Neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) gene and its role in the pathogenesis of various cancers. Methods: A comprehensive search of five online databases yielded 43 studies that highlighted the effect of sporadic NF2 mutations on several cancers, including sporadic meningioma, ependymoma, schwannoma, mesothelioma, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, and melanoma. Of note were key biological …

Lack Of Association Of The Pld4 Snp Rs2841277 With Systemic Sclerosis In A European American Population, Yunqing Ma, Maureen D Mayes, Xinjian Guo, Shervin Assassi, Xiaodong Zhou

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This study aimed to examine whether a reported SSc-associated SNP rs2841277 in the PLD4 gene identified in an Asian population was also associated with SSc in European American (EA). The EA cohort consisting of 1005 SSc patients and 961 healthy controls was examined in this study. TaqMan genotyping assays were performed to examine the SNP. Exact P-values were obtained from 2 × 2 tables of allele counts and disease status. In contrast to the previous reports in a Japanese population, SSc patients of EA did not show an association of PLD4 rs2841277 with SSc in general (P = 0.231, OR …

Cancer Organoids As Reliable Disease Models To Drive Clinical Development Of Novel Therapies, Giovanni Blandino, Ronit Satchi-Fainaro, Ingeborg Tinhofer, Giovanni Tonon, Sarah C Heilshorn, Yong-Jun Kwon, Ana Pestana, Carlotta Frascolla, Luca Pompili, Aurora Puce, Sara Iachettini, Annalisa Tocci, Sofia Karkampouna, Marianna Kruithof-De Julio, Piera Tocci, Nicla Porciello, Klizia Maccaroni, Daniela Rutigliano, Xiling Shen, Gennaro Ciliberto

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

On September 23-24 (2024) the 6th Workshop IRE on Translational Oncology, titled "Cancer Organoids as Reliable Disease Models to Drive Clinical Development of Novel Therapies," took place at the IRCCS Regina Elena Cancer Institute in Rome. This prominent international conference focused on tumor organoids, bringing together leading experts from around the world.A central challenge in precision oncology is modeling the dynamic tumor ecosystem, which encompasses numerous elements that evolve spatially and temporally. Patient-derived 3D culture models, including organoids, explants, and engineered or bioprinted systems, have recently emerged as sophisticated tools capable of capturing the complexity and diversity of cancer cells …

Parp Inhibition Radiosensitizes Brca1 Wildtype And Mutated Breast Cancer To Proton Therapy, Mariam Ben Kacem, Scott J Bright, Emma Moran, David B Flint, David K J Martinus, Broderick X Turner, Ilsa Qureshi, Rishab Kolachina, Mandira Manandhar, Poliana C Marinello, Simona F Shaitelman, Gabriel O Sawakuchi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Aggressive breast cancers often fail or acquire resistance to radiotherapy. To develop new strategies to improve the outcome of aggressive breast cancer patients, we studied how PARP inhibition radiosensitizes breast cancer models to proton therapy, which is a radiotherapy modality that generates more DNA damage in the tumor than standard radiotherapy using photons. Two human BRCA1-mutated breast cancer cell lines and their isogenic BRCA1-recovered pairs were treated with a PARP inhibitor and irradiated with photons or protons. Protons (9.9 and 3.85 keV/µm) induced higher cell kill independent of BRCA1 status. PARP inhibition amplified the cell kill effect to both photons …

Aperiodic Spectral Slope Tracks The Effects Of Brain State On Saliency Responses In The Human Auditory Cortex, Madaline Mocchi, Eleonora Bartoli, John Magnotti, Jan Willem De Gee, Brian Metzger, Bailey Pascuzzi, Raissa Mathura, Suhruthaa Pulapaka, Wayne Goodman, Sameer Sheth, Matthew J Mcginley, Kelly Bijanki

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Alteration of responses to salient stimuli occurs in a wide range of brain disorders and may be rooted in pathophysiological brain state dynamics. Specifically, tonic and phasic modes of activity in the reticular activating system (RAS) influence, and are influenced by, salient stimuli, respectively. The RAS influences the spectral characteristics of activity in the neocortex, shifting the balance between low- and high-frequency fluctuations. Aperiodic '1/f slope' has emerged as a promising composite measure of these brain state dynamics. However, the relationship of 1/f slope to state-dependent processes, such as saliency, is less explored, particularly intracranially in humans. Here, we record …

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Ablation For Primary Or Salvage Prostate Cancer Therapy: Initial Outcomes In The Veteran Healthcare Setting, Sagar Patel, Ali Antar, Aly Alrabaa, Gal Saffati, Broderick Fleming, Neel Srikishen, Jeremy Slawin, Jennifer Taylor, Jeffrey Jones

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) provides comparable oncologic, erectile, and urinary outcomes to standard-of-care options for localized prostate cancer. This study reports the largest United States series of HIFU in veterans for both primary and salvage therapies. We retrospectively analyzed the outcomes of 43 veterans treated at the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center from 2018 to 2022. Primary endpoints included prostate-specific antigen (PSA) reduction and local recurrence rates. Secondary endpoints included 30-day complications, Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), and American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUASS). In our study, 31 veterans (72.1%) received primary treatment and 12 (27.9%) received …

Optimizing Ewing Sarcoma And Osteosarcoma Biopsy Acquisition: A Children's Oncology Group Bone Tumor Committee Consensus Statement, Matthew S Dietz, Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi, Jessica L Davis, C Matthew Hawkins, Brian T Craig, Roshni Dasgupta, David S Geller, David S Shulman, Sarah Cohen-Gogo, Ajay Gupta, Susan L Whiteway, Emily K Slotkin, Christine M Heske, Safia K Ahmed, Daniel J Indelicato, Catherine M Albert, Nicole Montgomery, Jesse K Sandberg, Holcombe E Grier, Mark Krailo, Michael S Isakoff, Elyssa Rubin, Elizabeth R Lawlor, Steven G Dubois, Leo Mascarenhas, Patrick J Grohar, Odion Binitie, Damon Reed, Katherine Janeway, Ryan D Roberts, Kelly M Bailey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Trends in diagnostic biopsy sample collection approaches for primary bone sarcomas have shifted in the past 2 decades. Although open/incisional biopsies used to be the predominant approach to obtain diagnostic material for Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, image-guided core needle biopsies have increased in frequency and are safe for patients. These procedures are less invasive and reduce recovery times but have potential limitations. The quantity and quality of tissue obtained through these procedures vary between institutions. Acquired viable tissue volumes can be low, limiting the conduct of downstream expanded clinical workup, molecular analyses, and research. Patients with advanced Ewing sarcoma and …

Prolonged Cardiopulmonary Bypass Time-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction Via Glypican-1 Shedding, Inflammation, And Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 In Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery, Shiyi Li, Katherine V Nordick, Iván Murrieta-Álvarez, Randall P Kirby, Rishav Bhattacharya, Ismael Garcia, Camila Hochman-Mendez, Todd K Rosengart, Kenneth K Liao, Nandan K Mondal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: A prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time of over 180 min is linked to poorer outcomes and higher mortality in cardiac surgery. This study examines how glypican-1 shedding, matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), and the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β may contribute to endothelial dysfunction in patients undergoing on-pump surgery with an extended CPB.

METHODS: Fifty-one patients undergoing cardiac surgical procedures were divided into two groups based on the intraoperative CPB duration: (i) normal CPB (<180 >min,

RESULTS: Before surgery, the plasma levels of glypican-1, MMP9, and IL-1β were comparable between the normal CPB and the prolonged CPB groups. However, after the end …

Comparison Of Efficacy Between Thai-Made Replacement Parts (Smart Litho Plus) And Standard Electromagnetic Shock Wave Systems For Renal Stone Treatment, Supoj Ratchanon, Patranuch Noppakulsati

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Abstract

Background: Urinary stones are one of the most common urological problems in Thailand. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is one of the most frequently used treatments due to its noninvasive nature and widespread availability. However, the effectiveness of lithotripters with power sources produced in Thailand (Smart Litho Plus) compared with that of standard machines is poorly established. Therefore, we aim to compare the efficacy of Thai-made replacement parts with that of standard electromagnetic shock wave systems for the treatment of renal stones.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study involving 121 patients with renal stones across three sites …

Update On Strategies To Reduce Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, Bosco Seong Kyu Yang, Aaron M Gusdon, Xuefang Sophie Ren, Han-Gil Jeong, Chang-Hun Lee, Spiros Blackburn, Huimahn Alex Choi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Purpose of review: Early brain injury (EBI) after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is the most influential clinical determinant of outcomes. Despite significant advances in understanding of the pathophysiology of EBI, currently no treatments to target EBI have been developed. This review summarizes recent advances in EBI research over the past five years with a focus on potential therapeutic targets.

Recent findings: Mechanism-specific translational studies are converging on several pathophysiologic pathways: improved antioxidant delivery and the Sirt1/Nrf2 pathway for reactive oxygen species; NLRP3 inflammasome and microglial polarization for inflammation; and the PI3K/Akt pathway for apoptosis. Recently identified mechanistic components, such as …