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2004

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Articles 121 - 150 of 214

Full-Text Articles in Medical Sciences

Bioinformatics: An Undergraduate Research/Teaching Tool., Abhishek Agrawal, Valgene L. Dunham Jan 2004

Bioinformatics: An Undergraduate Research/Teaching Tool., Abhishek Agrawal, Valgene L. Dunham

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


Building New Culture Media For Assisted Reproductive Technology., Mary N. Egbuniwe, H. Lee Higdon Iii, William R. Boone Jan 2004

Building New Culture Media For Assisted Reproductive Technology., Mary N. Egbuniwe, H. Lee Higdon Iii, William R. Boone

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.


An Investigation Of The Acetabulum, The Femoral Head And The Ligament Of Femoral Head In Human Fetuses, İsmi̇han İlknur Uysal, Ahmet Salbacak, Mustafa İsmai̇l Sefa Kapicioğlu, Mustafa Büyükmumcu, Muzaffer Şeker, Aynur Emi̇ne Çi̇çekci̇başi Jan 2004

An Investigation Of The Acetabulum, The Femoral Head And The Ligament Of Femoral Head In Human Fetuses, İsmi̇han İlknur Uysal, Ahmet Salbacak, Mustafa İsmai̇l Sefa Kapicioğlu, Mustafa Büyükmumcu, Muzaffer Şeker, Aynur Emi̇ne Çi̇çekci̇başi

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

We investigated the morphometric characteristics of the acetabulum, the ligament of the femoral head (LFH) and the femoral head, and the relationships among them in 30 spontaneously aborted human fetuses. The maximum length and width of the LFH, the transverse and vertical diameters of the femoral head and the acetabulum, the height of the femoral head and the depth of the acetabulum were measured and the existence of any relationship among them was assessed statistically. The acetabulum was circular in 58.4% of cases and oval in 41.6%. The diameter of the femoral head was less than that of the acetabulum …


The Assessment Of A Family With Myotonic Dystrophy, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Suzan Zorludemi̇r, Yakup Sarica Jan 2004

The Assessment Of A Family With Myotonic Dystrophy, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Suzan Zorludemi̇r, Yakup Sarica

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

KOÇ^1, Suzan ZORLUDEMİR^2, Yakup SARICA^1 ^1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University Adana - Turkey ^2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University Adana - Turkey


Serum Adenosine Deaminase Levels In Patients With Brucellosis And In Healthy Subjects, Sali̇h Cesur, Kadi̇rhan Sunguroğlu, Kamruddi̇n Ahmed, Deni̇z Tezeren, Nagehan Oran Keseci̇, Sebahat Aksaray Jan 2004

Serum Adenosine Deaminase Levels In Patients With Brucellosis And In Healthy Subjects, Sali̇h Cesur, Kadi̇rhan Sunguroğlu, Kamruddi̇n Ahmed, Deni̇z Tezeren, Nagehan Oran Keseci̇, Sebahat Aksaray

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine the serum adenosine deaminase ( ADA ) levels in patients with brucellosis and compare them with the results of healthy individuals. Forty- eight subject were enrolled in this study : 34 patients with brucellosis and 14 healthy individuals. Serum ADA activity was assessed by spectrophotometer in patients with brucellosis and statistically compared with that of healthy individuals. A normal range of serum ADA was considered 5-35 IU/l. Serum ADA levels were also compared with Brucella agglutinations titers and serum C reactive protein (CRP). Serum ADA levels were found to be significantly higher …


Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome With Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Case Report With Literature Review, Mustafa Fuat Açikalin, Özgül Paşaoğlu, Baran Tokar, Di̇lek İlgi̇ci̇, Hüseyi̇n İlhan Jan 2004

Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome With Transverse Testicular Ectopia: A Case Report With Literature Review, Mustafa Fuat Açikalin, Özgül Paşaoğlu, Baran Tokar, Di̇lek İlgi̇ci̇, Hüseyi̇n İlhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Fuat AÇIKALIN^1, Özgül PAŞAOĞLU^1, Baran TOKAR^2, Dilek İLGİCİ^1, Hüseyin İLHAN^2 ^1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir - Turkey ^2Department of Pediatric Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Osmangazi University, Eskişehir - Turkey


Common Anorectal Conditions, Pravin J. Gupta Jan 2004

Common Anorectal Conditions, Pravin J. Gupta

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Leiomyoma Of The Ureter In A Child (The Youngest Reported Case) (Case Report), Bengü Çobanoğlu, İbrahi̇m H. Özercan, Orhan Yalçin, Ertürk Ergi̇n Jan 2004

Leiomyoma Of The Ureter In A Child (The Youngest Reported Case) (Case Report), Bengü Çobanoğlu, İbrahi̇m H. Özercan, Orhan Yalçin, Ertürk Ergi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

BANOĞLU^1, İbrahim H. ÖZERCAN^1, Orhan YALÇIN^2, Ertürk ERGİN^2 ^1Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ - Turkey ^2Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Fırat, Elazığ - Turkey


Difficulties And Failure Of Laryngeal Mask Insertion In A Patient With Ankylosing Spondylitis, Gönül Ölmez, Hasan Nazaroğlu, Seher Gündüz Arslan, Mehmet Ali̇ Özyilmaz, Ayşe Di̇cle Turhanoğlu Jan 2004

Difficulties And Failure Of Laryngeal Mask Insertion In A Patient With Ankylosing Spondylitis, Gönül Ölmez, Hasan Nazaroğlu, Seher Gündüz Arslan, Mehmet Ali̇ Özyilmaz, Ayşe Di̇cle Turhanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

MEZ^1, Hasan NAZAROĞLU^2, Seher Gündüz ARSLAN^3, Mehmet Ali ÖZYILMAZ^1, Ayşe Dicle TURHANOĞLU4 ^1Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır - Turkey ^2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır - Turkey ^3Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır - Turkey ^4Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır - Turkey


Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Sedation For Spinal Anesthesia In The Prone Knee-Chest Position For Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery, Berri̇n Günaydin, Zerri̇n Özköse, Belde Tarhan Jan 2004

Intravenous Dexmedetomidine Sedation For Spinal Anesthesia In The Prone Knee-Chest Position For Lumbar Laminectomy Surgery, Berri̇n Günaydin, Zerri̇n Özköse, Belde Tarhan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ÜNAYDIN^{1,2}, Zerrin ÖZKÖSE^1, Belde TARHAN^3 ^1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500, Ankara - Turkey ^2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500, Ankara - Turkey ^3Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Beşevler, 06500, Ankara - Turkey


Pituitary Abscess Simulating Macroadenoma, Gülgün Yilmaz Ovali, Serdar Tarhan, Hüseyi̇n Şentürk, Petek Bayindir, Yüksel Pabuşçu Jan 2004

Pituitary Abscess Simulating Macroadenoma, Gülgün Yilmaz Ovali, Serdar Tarhan, Hüseyi̇n Şentürk, Petek Bayindir, Yüksel Pabuşçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ILMAZ OVALI , Serdar TARHAN, Hüseyin ŞENTÜRK, Petek BAYINDIR, Yüksel PABUŞÇU Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University, Manisa - Turkey


What The Hittites’ Tablets Tell Us? A Short Historical View Of Deafness On The Basic Of Genetics, Berna Arda, Murat Aksu Jan 2004

What The Hittites’ Tablets Tell Us? A Short Historical View Of Deafness On The Basic Of Genetics, Berna Arda, Murat Aksu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Effect Of Zinc Deficiency On Zinc And Carbohydrate Metabolism In Genetically Diabetic (C57bl/Ksj Db+/Db+) And Non-Diabetic Original Strain (C57bl/Ksj) Mice, Zine Kechrid, Noureddine Bouzerna Jan 2004

Effect Of Zinc Deficiency On Zinc And Carbohydrate Metabolism In Genetically Diabetic (C57bl/Ksj Db+/Db+) And Non-Diabetic Original Strain (C57bl/Ksj) Mice, Zine Kechrid, Noureddine Bouzerna

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Our aim was to investigate the effect of low dietary zinc intake on zinc and carbohydrate metabolism in type II diabetes. Male, 4–5-week-old, genetically diabetic (C57B/LKsJdb+/db+) and nondiabetic original strain (C57BL/KsJ) mice were fed a diet containing 1 mg of Zn/kg (low zinc groups) or 54 mg of Zn/kg (control groups) for 27 days. Food intake and body weight gain were recorded regularly. On day 28, after an overnight fast, the animals were sacrificed and blood glucose, serum insulin concentrations, liver glycogen contents, and zinc levels in the femur and pancreas were determined. The consumption of the low zinc diet …


Lafora Body Disease: Clinical, Electrophysiological And Histopathological Findings, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Hacer Bozdemi̇r, Suzan Zorludemi̇r, Gamze Almak, Ali̇ Özeren Jan 2004

Lafora Body Disease: Clinical, Electrophysiological And Histopathological Findings, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Hacer Bozdemi̇r, Suzan Zorludemi̇r, Gamze Almak, Ali̇ Özeren

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

iz KOÇ^1, Hacer BOZDEMİR^1, Suzan ZORLUDEMİR^2, Gamze ALMAK^1, Ali ÖZEREN^1 ^1Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana - Turkey ^2Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Çukurova University, Adana - Turkey


The Rehabilitation Results Of Hemiplegic Patients, Asuman Doğan, Güldal Naki̇poğlu, Meryem Doğan Aslan, Ayşe Z. Kaya, Neşe Özgi̇rgi̇n Jan 2004

The Rehabilitation Results Of Hemiplegic Patients, Asuman Doğan, Güldal Naki̇poğlu, Meryem Doğan Aslan, Ayşe Z. Kaya, Neşe Özgi̇rgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not there was an improvement in the daily life activities and ambulation levels of the hemiplegic patients whom we took into our rehabilitation program. In this case series study, 92 hemiplegic patients were included in the rehabilitation program. The ages, genders, educational levels, etiologies, hemiplegic sides, hemiplegic periods and the systemic diseases of the patients included in the rehabilitation program were recorded. The daily life activities of every patient at admittance and at discharge from hospital were evaluated using the Barthel Index (BI) and ambulation levels were evaluated using the …


Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy Developing During Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, A. Neşe Çitak Kurt, Abdullah Kurt, Ni̇met Kabakuş Jan 2004

Acute Motor Axonal Neuropathy Developing During Helicobacter Pylori Infection, Ahmet Gödekmerdan, A. Neşe Çitak Kurt, Abdullah Kurt, Ni̇met Kabakuş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Apert Syndrome, İlknur Kiliç, Yildirim Baykara, C. Nur Semerci̇, Hacer Ergi̇n, N. Lale Şatiroğlu Tufan Jan 2004

Apert Syndrome, İlknur Kiliç, Yildirim Baykara, C. Nur Semerci̇, Hacer Ergi̇n, N. Lale Şatiroğlu Tufan

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

ILIÇ^1, Yıldırım BAYKARA^1, C. Nur SEMERCİ^2, Hacer ERGİN^1, N. Lale ŞATIROĞLU TUFAN^2 ^1 Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli - Turkey ^2 Department of Medical Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli - Turkey


Buccal Corticotomy For Closure Of Oroantral Openings: Case Report, Bedretti̇n Cem Şener, Hasan Gari̇p, Faysal Uğurlu, Kami̇l Göker Jan 2004

Buccal Corticotomy For Closure Of Oroantral Openings: Case Report, Bedretti̇n Cem Şener, Hasan Gari̇p, Faysal Uğurlu, Kami̇l Göker

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

n Cem ŞENER, Hasan GARİP, Faysal UĞURLU, Kamil GÖKER Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, 80220 Nişantaşı, İstanbul - Turkey


Extensive Carotid Fibromuscular Dysplasia With Dissections And Aneurysm Of The Ascending Aorta, Zafer Koç, A. Muhteşem Ağildere, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Osman Kizilkiliç, Özlem Yalçin Jan 2004

Extensive Carotid Fibromuscular Dysplasia With Dissections And Aneurysm Of The Ascending Aorta, Zafer Koç, A. Muhteşem Ağildere, Ayşe Fi̇li̇z Koç, Osman Kizilkiliç, Özlem Yalçin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Ç^1, A. Muhteşem AĞILDERE^2, Filiz KOÇ^3, Osman KIZILKILIÇ^1, Özlem YALÇIN^1 ^1Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Adana Teaching and Medical Research Center, Başkent University, Adana - Turkey ^2Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Başkent University, Ankara - Turkey ^3Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, Adana – Turkey


Alternative Testing Methods - Reproductive Toxicity, Srinivasa Jayachandra, Maxim Pinto, Urban J.A.D'Souza Jan 2004

Alternative Testing Methods - Reproductive Toxicity, Srinivasa Jayachandra, Maxim Pinto, Urban J.A.D'Souza

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


The Efficacy Of Intermittant Low-Dose Systemic Corticosteroid In The Treatment Of Alopecia Areata, Ahu Bi̇rol, Emel Erkek, Fatma Tuncez, Gülcan Saylam Kurti̇pek, Yeter Bağci, Mukadder Koçak Jan 2004

The Efficacy Of Intermittant Low-Dose Systemic Corticosteroid In The Treatment Of Alopecia Areata, Ahu Bi̇rol, Emel Erkek, Fatma Tuncez, Gülcan Saylam Kurti̇pek, Yeter Bağci, Mukadder Koçak

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Alopecia areata (AA) is a common cause of non-scarring alopecia characterized by patchy hair loss. AA is difficult to treat because of its chronic and inflammatory nature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of low-dose systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of AA. Fifteen patients with AA were included in this study. Systemic prednisolone 10-15 mg/day on 2 consecutive days per week for 6 months was administered. Fourteen patients (93.3%) had patchy alopecia areata. One patient (6.3%) had alopecia universalis. Seven (46.7%) patients showed complete healing, 5 (33.3%) showed partial response and 3 (20%) did not …


A Morphometric Evaluation Of Some Important Bony Landmarks On The Skull Base Related To Sexes, Aynur Emi̇ne Çi̇çekci̇başi, Khali̇l Awadh Murshid, Taner Zi̇ylan, Muzaffer Şeker, Işik Tuncer Jan 2004

A Morphometric Evaluation Of Some Important Bony Landmarks On The Skull Base Related To Sexes, Aynur Emi̇ne Çi̇çekci̇başi, Khali̇l Awadh Murshid, Taner Zi̇ylan, Muzaffer Şeker, Işik Tuncer

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the morphometric measurements of some important bony landmarks on the cranial base and to determine their relationships between the sexes and their bilateral differences. In this study, 60 (34 male and 26 female) skulls were obtained from the teaching skeletal collections at the Anatomy Department of Meram Medical School, Selçuk University. The axial length of the occipital condyles (ALOC), the anterior intercondylar distance (AICD), the sagittal intercondylar angle (OICA), the transverse and sagittal diameters of the jugular foramen (TDJF) and (SDJF), the distance from the apex of the mastoid process to the …


Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis: Case Presentation (The Rehabilitation Of Three Siblings), Güldal Funda Naki̇poğlu, Asuman Doğan, Meryem Doğan Aslan, Neşe Özgi̇rgi̇n Jan 2004

Juvenile Hyaline Fibromatosis: Case Presentation (The Rehabilitation Of Three Siblings), Güldal Funda Naki̇poğlu, Asuman Doğan, Meryem Doğan Aslan, Neşe Özgi̇rgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Half A Century Of Dna, Di̇cle Güç Jan 2004

Half A Century Of Dna, Di̇cle Güç

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

No abstract provided.


Body Fat Distribution And Plasma Lipid Profiles Of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Selçuk Çomoğlu, Serdar Yardimci, Zeki̇ Okçu Jan 2004

Body Fat Distribution And Plasma Lipid Profiles Of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis, Selçuk Çomoğlu, Serdar Yardimci, Zeki̇ Okçu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

This study was performed to determine the body fat percentage, fat distribution and plasma lipid-cholesterol levels of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We compared the body fat percentage, distribution and lipid profile in 22 patients with definitive diagnosis of MS and age and height matched 16 healthy control subjects on normal diets. Poser criteria was used to determine the MS diagnosis. Body fat percentage and distribution were evaluated anthropometrically by measuring skin fold thickness from 7 different reference points of the body. The parameters of the body composition were obtained by using the equations of Durning, Womersly and Siri. Body …


Mechanisms Of Glybenclamide-Mediated Anti-Arrhythmia And Ischemic Conditionining In A Rat Model Of Myocardial Infarction: Role Of Yohimbine Treatment, Ömer Bozdoğan, Ersöz Gonca, Eylem Suveren Ti̇ryaki̇, Fati̇h Gökçe Jan 2004

Mechanisms Of Glybenclamide-Mediated Anti-Arrhythmia And Ischemic Conditionining In A Rat Model Of Myocardial Infarction: Role Of Yohimbine Treatment, Ömer Bozdoğan, Ersöz Gonca, Eylem Suveren Ti̇ryaki̇, Fati̇h Gökçe

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Glibenclamide (Glyburide), a widely used second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent, is a known specific blocker of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) sensitive potassium (K+) channels. Although the blockage of the ATP dependent potassium channel reduces arrhythmia, it increases enfarct size. Yohimbine is an alpha-2 blocker that reduces infarct size as suggested by several studies. We hypothesized that a combination of yohimbine and glibenclamide may be more effective in reducing the arrhythmia following ligation. The arteria descendence (LAD) branch of the left coronary artery in conscious rats was ligated and arrhythmia was recorded during the 15 min following coronary ligation. Sixteen hours after coronary …


Cytotoxicity Of Low Dose Epirubicin-Hci Combined With Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line Hepatoma G2, Aysun Özkan, Kayahan Fişkin Jan 2004

Cytotoxicity Of Low Dose Epirubicin-Hci Combined With Lymphokine Activated Killer Cells Against Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line Hepatoma G2, Aysun Özkan, Kayahan Fişkin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Recent evidance supports the concept that Epirubicin-HCI and Lymphokine-activated killer cells (LAK) cytotoxicity may be mediated by free radical and oxyradical generation. We tested this hypothesis further by exposing Hep G2 cells to Epirubicin-HCI and LAK cells and subsequently monitored cell viability as a measure of cytotoxicity. The cytotoxicity of LAK alone and LAK together with low dose epirubicin-HCI (IC50 1/10) which is measured using the MTT cytotoxicity test on viability of Hep G2 cells and sensitization of target cells to effector cells was investigated. The cytotoxicity of LAK (IC50 value of 5LAK/Hep G2 in 24 hours) and LAK+epirubicin-HCI (IC50 …


Neurilemmoma Originating From The Hypoglossal Nerve In The Floor Of The Mouth, Çağri Deli̇lbaşi, Hiroshi Kohara, Kana Takao, Seiji Iida, Mikihiko Kogo Jan 2004

Neurilemmoma Originating From The Hypoglossal Nerve In The Floor Of The Mouth, Çağri Deli̇lbaşi, Hiroshi Kohara, Kana Takao, Seiji Iida, Mikihiko Kogo

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

LİLBAŞI, Hiroshi KOHARA, Kana TAKAO, Seiji IIDA, Mikihiko KOGO Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Dentistry Osaka University, Osaka-Japan


Asymmetric Maxillary First Molar Distalization With The Transpalatal Arch, Serhat Eyüboğlu, Ali̇ Osman Bengi̇, Ari̇f Ümi̇t Gürton, Erol Akin Jan 2004

Asymmetric Maxillary First Molar Distalization With The Transpalatal Arch, Serhat Eyüboğlu, Ali̇ Osman Bengi̇, Ari̇f Ümi̇t Gürton, Erol Akin

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The purpose of this study was to determine the dentoalveolar and skeletal effects of a Goshgarian transpalatal arch (TPA) in unilateral maxillary first molar distalization. The treatment group consisted of 15 patients (6 females and 9 males) between 10.8 and 12.1 years of age. The maxillary first molars, which were in a dental Class I relationship (anchorage molars), were the anchorage units, while the molars in Class II relationship (distalized molars) were distalized using a TPA with 150 g. of force. Lateral head films, study models and clinical photographs of all the patients were taken before and after distalization. The …


Expression Analysis Of Dek, Af4 And Fli1 Genes In All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (Atra) Treated Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia T(15;17) Patients By Quantitative Real-Time Pcr, Hakan Savli, Sema Sirma, Balint Nagy, Meli̇h Aktan, Günçağ Di̇nçol, Zafer Salcioğlu, Uğur Özbek Jan 2004

Expression Analysis Of Dek, Af4 And Fli1 Genes In All-Trans-Retinoic Acid (Atra) Treated Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia T(15;17) Patients By Quantitative Real-Time Pcr, Hakan Savli, Sema Sirma, Balint Nagy, Meli̇h Aktan, Günçağ Di̇nçol, Zafer Salcioğlu, Uğur Özbek

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) sensitivity of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells is strictly dependent on the presence of t(15;17), but the molecular background of this sensitivity remains obscure. We showed the down- regulation of DEK, AF4 and FLI1 genes in the vitamin D treatment of APL cell line HL-60 , using cDNA array technology in our previous study. This finding prompted us to investigate the expression of these genes in APL patient samples. The effect of ATRA was studied in 6 APL patients carrying t(15;17). Two samples from each patient were compared with a primary diagnostic sample and a sample …