Medical Education Commons^™

The Effects Of Elevation Gain On The Pack Hike Test: Implications For Interagency Hotshot Crews, Justin Demoss, Kevin Valenzuela, Kurt A. Escobar, Evan E. Schick

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

It is unknown if administering a graded load carriage task, which more closely mirrors the occupational circumstances wildland firefighters are exposed to, improves the validity of the Pack Hike Test and its’ ability to differentiate between the fitness profiles amongst Interagency Hotshots (IHC) and type 2 crews. PURPOSE: The aim of the current study was to examine the performance differences and HR responses between IHC and type 2 crews when completing a maximal effort graded load carriage task. METHODS: This study compared performance outcome measures amongst two classes of hand crews, Type 1 (IHC; n=12) and Type 2 …

How Does Diet Quality Predict The Performance Of Rotc Cadets On The Acft, Grant Calhoun, Sofia Harman, Annika C. Grams, Ruth Larson, Payton Price, Sara Thomasson, Kaitlyn Wabakken, Katelynn Brock, Zachary Zeigler, Anthony Acevedo

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is a newly developed test assessing U.S. Army soldiers' combat readiness. The Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015) is a questionnaire established by the USDA that quantifies overall diet quality. The HEI-2015 uses a scale of 0 to 100 with higher scores aligning more with the recommendations from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The HEI-2015 is comprised of 13 subcategories: Total Fruits [TF], Whole Fruits [WF], Total Vegetables [TV], Greens and Beans [GB], Whole Grains [WG], Dairy [D], Total Protein foods [TP], Seafood and Plant Proteins [SPP], Fatty Acids [FA], Refined Grains [RG], Sodium [S], …

Handgrip, Pinch Grip, And Reaction Time Of Firefighters And Police Officers, Zarmina Amin, Galilea Gutierrez, Yangmi Kang, Larissa True

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Handgrip strength (HGS) and pinch grip strength are related to proper hand function. Quick and accurate reaction to stimuli is critical to perceptual-motor abilities. Firefighters (FF) and police officers (PO) are routinely involved in high-intensity emergency tasks that require HGS, pinch grip strength, and reaction time (RT). PURPOSE: The purpose was to examine differences in bimanual HGS, bimanual pinch grip strength, and dominant hand RT between FF and PO in the Southwest. METHODS: Anthropometric measures of the hand were taken. HGS was measured using a hand dynamometer. Tip, key and palmar pinch grip strength were measured using a …

Maintenance Of Muscle Size And Function Following In-Season Training Of Division I Football Athletes, Sofia Guerrero, Lyric Richardson, Amy Reira, Emma Bozarth, Micheal Luera

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

During in-season training for collegiate athletes, there are fewer metabolically demanding resistance training sessions compared to other seasons of the programmed macrocycle. The shift of training duration and intensity for the in-season mesocycle may hinder an athlete’s ability to maintain gains from prior training cycles. In-season training commonly focuses on maintaining muscle mass and reducing the probability of atrophy. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the potential adaptations following in-season training on muscle size and function in Division I (DI) athletes METHODS: Fifteen DI football athletes (mean ± sd; age, 20 ± 2 years; height, 189.6 ± …

Somatotyping Of Division I Athletes, Samuel J. Ramirez, Lyric D. Richardson, Amy E. Riera, Emma D. Bozarth, Micheal J. Luera, Charles M. Laurent, Natalie P. Walker

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Somatotyping has previously examined athletes' genetic morphology. Categorization of somatotyping can be utilized in athletes for specialized, adaptive sports performance. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report somatotyping differences (ectomorph, mesomorph, and endomorph) in selected Division I athletes. METHOD: 39 male football athletes and seven female softball Division I athletes were recruited for this investigation. Height (m), weight (kg), waist-to-hip ratio (cm), and a 4-site skinfold measurement was collected. Skinfold locations were recorded from the triceps (mm), subscapular (mm), supraspinal (mm), and the medial calf (mm). Biepicondylar breadth measures of the humerus (cm), and the femur (cm) were …

Effect Of Treadmill Surface Stiffness On The Running Economy Benefits Of A Highly-Cushioned Racing Shoe: A Pilot Study, Zane A. Thornton, Dustin P. Joubert

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Running economy (RE) is defined as the oxygen consumption (VO₂) at a given running speed. The Nike Vaporfly line of racing shoes, which includes more compliant and resilient midsole foam and a carbon-fiber plate, have been shown to improve RE during treadmill testing. Previous research suggests that RE in general is worse on treadmills with stiffer running platforms. However, it is unclear if the magnitude of the RE benefits provided by these new shoes relative to a control shoe differ based on treadmill stiffness. Given that some treadmill platforms allow more flex or compliance, this may be an …

The Relationship Between Landing Mechanics And Injury Risk In Women's Collegiate Soccer Players, Shakir M. Iga, Jason B. Winchester, Frank B. Wyatt, Michael W. Olson, Jackson Brownstein, Matthew Hever, Leslie Picasio, Leslie Chaffin

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Mechanical performance in landing related tasks has been suggested to be related to injury in athletic. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigations was to assess relationships which may exist between performance in landing mechanics and injury rates throughout a women’s NCAA Division II Collegiate Soccer season. METHODS: Twenty-eight women (age 19.7±1.6 yrs, height 1.6±0.5 m, mass 63.4±7.9 kg) were assessed using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) test prior to a competitive season. Injury rates, types, and time lost from participation were tracked throughout the season. Injury information was coded and categorized each week in the following: acute …

Comparison Of Metabolic Variables During The 2-Minute Walk Test And 6-Minute Walk Test, Brandy Durden, Chris Engstrom, Ryan Smith, John D. Smith

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Assessing for functional mobility and fitness in deconditioned populations is common practice in many clinics. Comparison of the 2-minute walk test (2MWT) as a predictor for 6-minute walk test (6MWT) metabolic variables will save clinicians time and effort when performing baseline testing. PURPOSE: To determine if the 2MWT can be used as a viable means of accessing baseline fitness versus the 6MWT. METHODS: Ten subjects (48.3±15.7 yrs, 168.5±8.6 cm, 75.5±13.6 kg) reported on two separate days to perform the tests. Once fitted with a heart rate (HR) monitor and portable O2 analyzer, they performed either the 2MWT or …

A Pilot Study Investigating The Effects Of The Summer Rodeo Season On Functional Movement Screening Scores Of College Rodeo Athletes, Justin Stanley, Andrew A. Wolfe, Andrea Green, Jessie Ramirez, Gillian Braden, Meghan Younger

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Rodeo is well known for its high-velocity, high-impact atmosphere where athletes compete against the clock and uncooperative livestock. Many rodeo competitive related injuries are associated with insufficient muscular synergy, endurance, strength, and limb flexibility. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the difference between pre-summer rodeo functional movement screening (FMS) outcomes and post-summer rodeo FMS outcomes of rodeo athletes. METHODS: The researchers conducted pre-summer rodeo FMS assessments on collegiate rodeo athletes (n = 8). Athletes were instructed to complete their standard summer rodeo season without the integration of exercise modalities that may serve as corrective strategies …

Gender Difference In The Relationship Of Fatigue Index, Anaerobic Power And Capacity To Body Composition And Bone Mineral Status In Non-Athletes, Ali Mossayebi, Jehu N. Apaflo, Joshua Labadah, Victoria Rocha, Sudip Bajpeyi

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The fatigue index is considered an important indicator of anaerobic fitness. The lower the fatigue index, the greater the ability of the body to maintain its power output through an anaerobic performance. The Wingate test is widely used by coaches, athletes, and researchers to measure lower body power, anaerobic capacity, and fatigue index. Body composition is considered an important component of anaerobic fitness, it is not clear how gender may influence the relationship between body composition and anaerobic fitness. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand how gender may impact the relationship between body composition and anaerobic …

An Evaluation Of Static And Dynamic Yoga Training Programs, Garett Petty, Tomas Chapman-Lopez, Jose M. Moris, Claire Timon, Yunsuk Koh

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

While traditional yoga programs focus on static stretching and core stability, Essentrics yoga relies more heavily on full-body stretch and strengthening regiments coupled with dynamic movements such as ceiling reaches, side-to-side bends, lunges, and side leg lifts. Through the incorporation of more dynamic movements, Essentrics yoga is thought to elicit greater improvements in overall body composition, flexibility, and balance. PURPOSE: To examine the benefits of a 6-weeks long Essentrics (dynamic) program compared to standard (static) Yoga on body composition, flexibility, and balance. METHODS: Thirty-one participants (24 females and 7 males, age = 20.4 ± 0.2yrs, and BMI = 22.58 ± …

Sex-Specific Difference Of Functional Movement Screening Scores Among Rodeo Athletes, Jessie Ramirez, Andrew A. Wolfe, Andrea Green, Meghan Younger, Gillian Braden, Justin Stanley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Faulty movement patterns, especially in elite athletes, can lead to neuromuscular imbalances. Rodeo is an example of an injury prone sport that requires optimal muscular synergy, endurance, strength, and limb flexibility to succeed in rodeo performance. The Functional Movement Screening (FMS) test has shown validity in identifying various neuromuscular imbalances, and subsequently, scientific findings support the FMS threshold score (less ≤ 14) as valid for injury risk screening in collision and team sports, firefighters, and the tactical professions. If an athlete has a composite score of 14 or less in conjunction with a previous injury, they are 15 times more …

A Pilot Study Examining The Effect Of Dynamic Warm-Up Utilization On Rodeo Performance Of College Breakaway Ropers, Tyler Frank

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

ABSTRACT

Pre-competition dynamic warm up participation has exemplified significant improvements in sport performance and decreased risk of injury for high velocity, high impact sports. Rodeo is recognized as a high velocity/intensity sports with great risk of impact and non-impact related injuries. However, no research has investigated the effect of pre-competition warm up utilization of the performance of rodeo athletes. PURPOSE: Therefore, the purpose of the current research examination was to evaluate the efficacy of per-competition dynamic warm up participation for rodeo athletes. METHODS: Seven collegiate rodeo females, competing as Breakaway Ropers, were selected at participants for the current …

Associations Of Changes In Body Composition And Athletic Performance In Collegiate American Football Players, Jake Boykin, Dale Kieth, Christine Harrison, Javier A. Zaragoza, Jessica Prather, Matthias Tinnin, Lemuel W. Taylor Iv, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Football practitioners ubiquitously employ offseason resistance training to improve on-field performance. Early offseason training is frequently designed to emphasize accretion of lean and total body mass. While this is a main objective of sport-specific conditioning, there are few investigations comparing correlated changes in body composition, maximal strength, and football-specific performance tests after an early-offseason training program. PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the relationship between changes in athletic performance and body composition in collegiate American football players. METHODS: Before and after a 7-week offseason training program, body composition and athletic performance were assessed in NCAA Division III …

Relationship Between Changes In Upper Body Fat-Free Mass And Bench Press Performance In American Football Players, Dale S. Keith, Jake R. Boykin, Christine M. Harrison, Javier A. Zaragoza, Jessica Prather, Matthias Tinnin, Lem W. Taylor, Grant M. Tinsley

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Horizontal pushing strength and strength endurance are relevant attributes for blocking and block shedding in American football. Since most positions in American football require the ability to either block or shed a block, and since bench press repetitions to failure (RTF) with 225 pounds is a component of the NFL draft combine, improving horizontal pushing strength and strength endurance have been key areas of emphasis for strength and conditioning coaches working with these athletes. PURPOSE: The purpose of this analysis was to quantify the relationship between changes in upper body fat-free mass (FFM) and metrics of bench press performance …

Exploring Physical Fitness Profile Of College Students Through Principal Component Analysis: A Case Study, Alejandra Rincon Cortes, Melissa Dorvily, Zoey Jackson, Michelle Etchebaster, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Universities offer lifetime physical fitness (PF) courses and organize health fairs to keep their students physically fit. Despite these efforts, only 49.9% of US students meeting the National Guidelines for physical activity, reporting low fitness levels, as evaluated by the respective scores of the five fitness components. Fitness evaluation though is a time-consuming process and students’ time constrains have been postulated as reasons for lack of participation, motivation, and involvement. PURPOSE: Since time availability may influence students’ participation in a battery of fitness testing for evaluating their PF levels, this study aimed through principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the …

Is Our Student Body Fit? A Comparison Of Current Fitness Levels To Normative Data, Melissa Dorvily, Michelle Etchebaster, Zoey Jackson, Zacharias Papadakis

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Physical Activity (PA) among university students yields 40-50% participation and this statistic continues to make a steady decline. This has caused a widespread call to action for universities to provide resources and education to encourage students to increase physical activity. Prior to and during COVID-19 pandemic our student body reported decreased levels of PA. Amid the return to an in-person student life, many students have reported increased challenges in returning to fitness related activities. In tandem with our Exercise is Medicine-On Campus (EIM-OC) initiative, an interactive health fair open to the entire body of 4,495 students was held to address …

Army Combat Fitness Test Performance By Sex In Rotc Cadets, Kevin Lee Withrow, J. Jay Dawes, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, Robert G. Lockie

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The U.S. Department of Defense recently opened all combat jobs to women. The Army Combat Fitness Test (ACFT) is the U.S. Army’s new assessment for measuring a soldier’s ability to execute combat-related tasks. However, issues have been raised at a national level relative to the impacts of the ACFT on female personnel. As the Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) is the initial entry point for many future Army officers, it is important to analyze how male and female cadets compare in their physical abilities. PURPOSE: To investigate the between-sex differences in ACFT performance in cadets from one program. METHODS …

Developing A Predictive Model For Vo2max In Middle-Distance Track And Field Athletes, Nicole Vargas, Patricia Vanoosbree, Kristyne Wiegand

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Purpose: Aerobic capacity is an indicator of an athlete’s endurance and a key predictor of performance. The greater the aerobic capacity, the more oxygen available for working muscles, leading to delays in lactate buildup, thus increasing the potential for successful performance. Studies have investigated non-exercise and/or submaximal exercise measures to predict aerobic capacity, but few have analyzed the combination of maximal exercise and non-exercise measures in Division-3 runners. Therefore, the purpose of this pilot study is to determine the predictive ability of heart rate (HR_max), ventilation (VE), respiratory quotient (RQ), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) on VO …

Anthropometric Predictors Of Arterial Stiffness When Adjusting For Fitness In College-Aged Adults, Riley Morton, Kyli Alvarez, Estephania Campa, Malia Nowlen, Zachary Zeigler

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

PURPOSE: Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is the largest cause of non-communicable disease death worldwide. Arterial stiffness is an independent predictor of CVD. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio predict arterial stiffness. However, there is inconstancy in the literature as to which is the best predictor of arterial stiffness. Measured cardiovascular fitness is also an independent predictor of arterial stiffness and is rarely controlled for in epidemiological studies. The purpose of this study was to identify the superior anthropometric predictor of arterial stiffness after controlling for measured fitness.

METHODS: Healthy young adults were recruited from Grand …

Fit (And Healthy) For Duty: Lipid Profiles And Fitness Relationships From Police Officers In A Health And Wellness Program, Robert G. Lockie, Robin (Rob) Marc Orr, J. Jay Dawes

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Police work can place officers at risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Sedentary activities, stress, shift work, sleep loss, reduced physical activity, and poor dietary choices contribute to this risk. Lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins [LDL], high-density lipoproteins [HDL], triglycerides) can indicate CVD risk. PURPOSE: To detail the lipid profiles of police officers from a health and wellness program in 2018-2019, and correlate lipid profiles with fitness. METHODS: Archival data for officers from 2 years of the program were analyzed (2018: 169 males, 39 females; 2019: 194 males, 43 females). Bloodwork (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides) was collected in a …

Validity Of B-Mode Ultrasound For Body Composition Assessment In The Field, Nathan Jensen, Conner Dearden, Brett Holmes, Shane Draper, Andrew Creer

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Air displacement plethysmography (ADP) is a common way to assess athlete body composition in many laboratories. While this method provides accurate values for body composition, it is not a feasible option for field work. Identifying an accurate, user friendly alternative to skinfold calipers may allow for accurate assessment of body composition in more applied settings, such as various training and competition venues. PURPOSE: To determine the validity of B-mode ultrasound for body composition assessment by comparing this method to values obtained using ADP. METHODS: To date, 14 actively training runners (≥ 4 hours/week for the last year) have …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Walking, Nathaniel Bodell, Bryson Carrier, Damian Gil, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Walking is the most widely used form of exercise. Advancements in wearable technology allow for the estimation of steps and energy consumption. Polar is a leading brand in wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are commonly used optical sensors for activity tracking. It is unknown as to whether these devices provide a valid estimate of average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while walking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and Verity Sense during self-paced walking. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; 23.5 ± 6.48 years) participated …

Effects Of Various Self-Myofascial Release Devices On 60-Meter Sprint Performance, Jared Steele, Nicole D. Bolter Phd, Maria J. Veri Phd, Matt Lee Facsm

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Over the past decade, self-myofascial release (SMR) has become a common tool amongst athletes as it is highly regarded in its ability to increase range of motion (ROM), athletic performance, and post-exercise recovery PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare 60-meter sprint performances with and without two technologically advanced SMR devices - the percussive massager and clamp roller. Based on the available literature, it was hypothesized that sprint time metrics and stride biomechanics would be improved after the use of either of these advanced SMR devices compared to not using an SMR device. METHODS: The study …

A Comparison Of Multiple Body Composition Measurement Methods To The Department Of Defense’S Physical Fitness And Body Fat Program Procedures, Desmond J. Millender, Holly M. Hall, Jeremy B. Ducharme, Avadney F. Gerard-Osbourne, Ann L. Gibson

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

INTRODUCTION: The Department of Defense (DoD) developed body composition standards that require service personnel to meet sex- and branch-specific body mass index criteria. Failing to meet these criteria leads to body fat percentage (%BF) estimation via the DoD’s circumference method. Service members exceeding these standards face administrative action and a possible premature discharge, thus emphasizing the importance of accurately estimating %BF with this method.

PURPOSE: To compare the predictive accuracy of the DoD’s circumference-based equation to estimate %BF compared to hydrostatic weighting (HW); segmental and whole-body bioelectrical impedance analyses (BIA), and sex-specific skinfold thickness assessments.

METHODS: Physically active …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Oh1 And Verity Sense While Self-Paced Running, Damian Gil, Bryson Carrier, Wyatt Fullmer, Kyle Cruz, Charli D. Aguilar, Dustin W. Davis, Elias M. Malek, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jacob W. Manning, James W. Navalta, Marcus M. Lawrence, Mark Debeliso Phd

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Running is one of the most common forms of exercise in the world today. Technological advancements have contributed to the rise in the usage of wearable technology. Polar is a household name leading this amelioration of wearable technology. The Polar OH1 and Verity Sense are two of the typical models used to measure heart rate and energy expenditure, however, the validity of these devices have yet to be investigated. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of the Polar OH1 and the Verity Sense during self-paced running. METHODS: Twenty participants (n=10 female, n=10 male; …

Validity Of Average Heart Rate And Energy Expenditure In Polar Armband Devices While Self-Paced Biking, Wyatt B. Fullmer, Bryson Carrier, Elias Malek, Damian Gil, Kyle Cruz, Charli Aguilar, Dustin Davis, Nathaniel Bodell, Jeff Montes, Jake Manning, Mark Debeliso, Facsm, James Navalta, Facsm, Marcus M. Lawrence

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Wearable technology has become an increasingly utilized tool to track various aspects of physical activity amongst fitness enthusiasts and the general public. Polar is a common brand that is utilized, and many use the devices for a variety of modalities, like walking, running, or biking. However, the validity of Polar’s armband optical devices in estimating average heart rate (HR) and energy expenditure (EE) while biking is unknown. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine if two devices, the Polar OH1 and Polar Verity Sense, record valid measures of average HR and EE while self-paced biking. METHODS: Twenty participants …

Validity Of The K5 Wearable Metabolic System During The Ymca Bench Press Test - A Pilot Study, Kyle Cruz, James W. Navalta, Dustin W. Davis, Bryson Carrier

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

The accelerated advancements in exercise technology have resulted in the development of wearable metabolic units, allowing measurements to occur outside traditional laboratories. The validation of new equipment is essential in various applications. PURPOSE: The pilot study's purpose was to validate the metabolic measurements of the COSMED K5 wearable metabolic system against the criterion Parvo Medics TrueOne 2400 during a modified YMCA Bench Press Test. METHODS: Nine resistance weight-trained participants (six male, three female, age 29.3 ± 8.0 yrs, 78.1 ± 13.8 kg, 173.3 ± 11.5 cm) performed two identical tests on the same day. Because of equipment warm-up times, the …

The Effect Of Perceptually Regulated Recovery On Lift Quality Of Females During Different Resistance Training Conditions, Sarah Matthews, Andrew Wolfe, Matt Laurent, Michael Luera, Ty Hill, Aaron Rinehart, David Sneed, Tyler Frank, Heath Mcpherson, Samantha Derda

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

Previous investigation identified the utilization of perceptually regulated recovery as a comparable, and occasionally optimal, method of regulating rest-time between bouts of exercise. Additionally, substantial variances in mean self-selected recovery time between male and female has recently been reported when completing resistance exercise intended to improve muscular strength. These finding suggested females recover quicker than males, and the current standardized intrasession rest recommendations may necessitate adjustments to account for sex specific responses. PURPOSE: The goal of the current investigate was to examine female lift quality responses to perceptually regulated intrasession recovery during various resistance training protocols. METHODS: Participants …

Difference In Standardized Repetitions Completed At 1- Repetition Maximum Load Percentages For Women, Aaron Rinehart, Andrew A. Wolfe, Matt Laurent

International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings

In resistance training, a given training load is determined by two factors, volume (number of repetitions completed) and intensity (weight lifted). The current literature clearly recognizes an inverse relationship between the weight lifted and repetitions completed. The previous studies establishing intensity-to-repetition ratios predominantly utilized male participants. Research has yet to explore and determine appropriate resistance training intensity-repetition ratios for females. PURPOSE: Furthermore, the purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between achieved repetitions and load lifted (a percentage of 1RM) of college females. METHODS: Subjects included 11 females with six month of consistent resistance training experience. Each participant …