Virus Diseases Commons^™

Analysis Of Covid-19 Burden, Epidemiology And Mitigation Strategies In Muslim Majority Countries, Rachel Jardine, James Wright, Zainab Samad, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Section of Cardiology

Background: Muslim majority countries have experienced a considerable burden of COVID-19 infection. However, there has been a relative lack of research comparing COVID-19 outbreaks and responses between Muslim-majority countries.
Aims: This study aimed to analyse COVID-19 burden, epidemiology and mitigation strategies in Muslim-majority countries.
Methods: We use a mixed-methods approach to describe the course of the COVID-19 pandemic throughout the Islamic world, highlight the range of non-pharmaceutical interventions used and the speed with which they were implemented, and investigate reasons behind the differing responses between Muslim-majority countries. The number of cases and deaths per million population, and the mean time …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 7, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Murray, Debra. Truckin’ Great: COVID-19 Leads to New Dining Options
• Bertucci, Leo. WKU COVID-dashboard Lacks Active Case Count
• Rash, Liza. Math Department Head Responds to Demotion, Reanalyzes Model 41 Days Later - Bruce Kessler
• Kieser, Nick. Lady Topper Golf Finishes Second in Hoover Invitational
• Cox, Alexander. Editorial Cartoon re: Scholarship Money
• Opening Doors: New Scholarships Show that WKU Cares
• Edmonds, Garrett. Student Government Association President Garrett Edmonds Plans for New Academic Year
• Hargrove, Matthew. Tops Take Victory – Football
• Gaylord, Kaden. Don’t Let This Be …

Reorganising For Covid-19 Pandemic: A Review Of Structural Modifications By The Department Of Internal Medicine In Low To Middle-Income Countries, Shakeel Ur Rehman, Muhammad Arslan Ahmed, Ghufran Adnan, Maria Ali Khan

Department of Medicine

Scientists classified the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a novel coronavirus on January 7, 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) acknowledged the SARS-CoV-2 outburst a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. Since its origin, this virus has disrupted the best healthcare systems, economies, and strained financial resources; and for underdeveloped countries' healthcare systems, the virus has become a crisis. To tackle the potential hazards from this virus, our Department restructured the services that not only helped us to cope with the pandemic, but also provided an example to copy for other contemporary institutes. …

Gastrointestinal Symptoms In Patients With Covid-19, Mohammed Abbas, Rafik Elbeblawy, Islam Gadelmoula, Suvarna Rekha, Bettina Sinanova, Jose Bordon

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Introduction: Though coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is predominantly a respiratory illness, a growing number of studies reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among these patients. We examined the incidence of GI symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and GI symptoms as the initial presentation of the disease.

Methods: We examined peer-reviewed studies in English of patients with COVID-19 that reported GI symptoms. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for articles published up to June 30, 2020, by using the keywords ``COVID-19,'' ``Coronavirus,'' ``severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2,'', ``SARS-CoV-2,'' ``gastrointestinal tract,'' ``gastrointestinal diseases,'' and ``gastrointestinal symptoms and signs.'' Studies with fewer than 30 …

Endoscopic Removal Of Fractured 3d-Printed Nasopharyngeal Swabs From The Olfactory Cleft During Covid-19, Matthew Miller, Kristy Carlson, Jayme Dowdall, Christie Barnes, Sam Pate

Graduate Medical Education Research Journal

The severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has posed significant challenges to hospital and public health systems in the United States. In response to a shortage in nasopharyngeal swabs, our institution developed, tested, and deployed 3D-printed swabs to obtain a specimen for testing. A patient was tested in preparation for a scheduled Esophagogastrodeuodenoscopy. During the procedure the swab broke and a portion remained in the superior meatus and olfactory cleft. This case study describes the process of locating and removing the broken sections of the 3D-printed swab. In response to this incident, 3D-printing teams test swabs for sample collection and …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 6, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Reynolds, Easton. 8 Juveniles Responsible for Recurring Water Throwing Harassment
• Thornton, Maggie. Marching at a Distance – Marching Band
• Reynolds, Easton. Local Small Businesses Work to Recover from Pandemic Losses
• Hendricks, Allie & Preston Romanov. Art for All – SoKY Marketplace
• Cox, Alex. Editorial Cartoon re: Breonna Taylor
• Bunton, Gabrielle. I Choose Black Women Every Time
• Nash, Slim. Commissioner Candidate Slim Nash: Your Right to Vote is Special
• Hargrove, Matthew. Hilltoppers Look to Bounce Back Against Middle Tennessee State University – Football
• Kieser, Nick. Budget …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 5, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Murray, Debra. Voting in College
• Reynolds, Easton. WKU and Barnes & Noble Partner in 10-year Deal
• Latimer, Jacob. Online & Hybrid Courses Pose Challenge to Professors
• Dobbs, Jack & Anna Leachman. Last Ride: Beech Bend Park
• Lowe, Julianna. A Call to Mitch McConnell – Ruth Bader Ginsburg
• Stack, Madalyn. Editorial Cartoon re: Ruth Bader Ginsburg
• Bailey, Carlos. Bowling Green City Commissioner Candidate Shares Statement on the Importance of Voting in Local Elections
• Kieser, Nick. Football Fans Use New Ticketing App at Home Opener
• Hargrove, Matthew. …

Investigating The Significance Of Aerosols In Determining The Coronavirus Fatality Rate Among Three European Countries, Wenzhao Li, Rejoice Thomas, Hesham El-Askary, Thomas Piechota, Daniele Struppa, Khaled A. Abdel Ghaffar

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

The coronavirus pandemic has not only gripped the scientific community in the search for a vaccine or a cure but also in attempts using statistics and association analysis—to identify environmental factors that increase its potency. A study by Ogen (Sci Total Environ 726:138605, 2020a) explored the possible correlation between coronavirus fatality and high nitrogen dioxide exposure in four European countries—France, Germany, Italy and Spain. Meanwhile, another study showed the importance of nitrogen dioxide along with population density in determining the coronavirus pandemic rate in England. In this follow-up study, Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) was introduced in conjunction with other variables …

Case Report: Tocilizumab For The Treatment Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection In A Patient With Aplastic Anemia, Gina Keiffer, Zach French, Lindsay Wilde, Joanne Filicko-O'Hara, Usama Gergis, Adam Binder

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

While cytokine storm develops in a minority of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, novel treatment approaches are desperately needed for those in whom it does. Tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor antibody, has been utilized for the treatment of cytokine storm in a number of severe inflammatory conditions, including in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we present the first published case utilizing this therapy in a patient with underlying immunodeficiency. Our patient with aplastic anemia developed cytokine storm due to COVID-19 manifested by fever, severe hypoxia, pulmonary infiltrates, and elevated inflammatory markers. Following treatment …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 4, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Bertucci, Leo. System Upgrade from Local Health Department Affects WKU’s COVID-19 Case Count
• Holland, Kelley. WKU Alum Works as Photojournalist for USA Today – Harrison Hill
• Latimer, Jacob. Nursing Students Employed at On-campus Clinic Assist with COVID-19 Testing
• Frazier, Keilen. Dried Out – Tobacco
• Gray, Tim. Better Together: Black Lives Matter
• Stack, Madalyn. Editorial Cartoon re: Social Distancing
• Send Students Home: WKU’s Campus Isn’t Safe
• Kieser, Nick. To the Mountains – Brooks LeCompte, Track & Field
• Warner, Casey. Hilltoppers to Host Liberty for Home Opener …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 3, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Reynolds, Easton. Coping with Crisis – Hurricane Katrina, COVID-19
• Bunton, Gabrielle. Students Adjust to Hybrid Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic
• Latimer, Jacob. WKU Student Lorena Silva Releases Springhouse
• Celebration Despite Separation
• Stack, Madalyn. Editorial Cartoon re: Zoom Meetings
• Marshall, Olivia. Navigating My Sorority in a Global Pandemic – Delta Zeta
• Warner, Casey. Review: Bowling Green Punk-rock Duo Releases Album – Dos Cobros
• Kieser, Nick. WKU Coaches Adapt to Postponed Season – Soccer, Volleyball
• Warner, Casey. Piggy-T – Tyrell Pigrome, Football
• Gaylord, Kaden. Support the Players – …

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 2, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Collins, Michael. Rough Start – COVID-19
• Thornton, Maggie. What a WKU Student Learned from Her Experience with COVID-19
• Harkreader, Dylan & Debra Murray. Programs That Rely On Hands-on Learning Adapt to Virtual Courses
• Meyer-Thornton, Zane. Keep It Going
• Hurst, Courtney, Robin Lester & Trenton Peyton. What Is Intercultural Student Engagement Center?
• Sisler, Julie. WKU Grad Student: It’s On the Administration, Not the Students
• Kieser, Nick. Football Takes Precautions to Kick Off Season COVID-Free
• Warner, Casey: Setting Up – Football
• Gaylord, Kaden. Making It Safe to …

Severity Of Disease From Covid-19 In Patients With Obesity And Mafld: Is There An Association?, Muhammad Kamran, Wasim Jafri

Section of Gastroenterology

No abstract provided.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 1, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Rash, Liza. Math Department Head Makes a Shocking Model Regarding Potential Campus COVID-19 Death Rate
• Bertucci, Leo. WKU Introduces COVID-19 Testing to Campus Community
• Marshall, Olivia. How Students Can Navigate Campus Facilities This Semester
• Bunton, Gabrielle. Campus Organizations Prepare to Engage Students Amid COVID Restrictions
• Deppen, Laurel. On-campus Students Who Contract COVID to be Moved to New Location to Quarantine
• Stack, Madalyn. Editorial Cartoon re: Social Distancing
• College of Health & Human Services Should Have Been More Involved in Restart Committee
• Deppen, Laurel. From the …

Understanding Covid-19: From Origin To Potential Therapeutics, Muhammad Moazzam, Muhammad Imran Sajid, Hamza Shahid, Jahanzaib Butt, Irfan Bashir, Muhammad Jamshaid, Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Currently, a global pandemic era of public health concerns is going on with the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). The first case of COVID-19 was reported from Wuhan’s Huanan seafood market in China late December 2019. Bats, pangolins, and snakes have been nominated as salient carriers of the virus. Thanks to its high pathogenicity, it can cause severe respiratory infections. Fever, dry cough, sore throat, pneumonia, septic shock, and ground-glass opacities are the foremost clinical manifestations of COVID-19. Immunocompromised patients are at high risk for COVID-19 infection and may lead to …

Previous And Active Tuberculosis Increases Risk Of Death And Prolongs Recovery In Patients With Covid-19, Karla Therese L. Sy, Nel Jason L. Haw, Jhanna Uy

Health Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: There is a growing literature on the association of SARS-CoV-2 and other chronic conditions, such as noncommunicable diseases. However, little is known about the impact of coinfection with tuberculosis. We aimed to compare the risk of death and recovery, as well as time-to-death and time-to-recovery, in COVID-19 patients with and without tuberculosis.

Methods: We created a 4:1 propensity score matched sample of COVID-19 patients without and with tuberculosis, using COVID-19 surveillance data in the Philippines. We conducted a longitudinal cohort analysis of matched COVID-19 patients as of May 17, 2020, following them until June 15, 2020. The …

Particulate Matter Pollution And Its Effect On Covid-19, Aída Fica Conejeros

International Programs

Growing research supports the significant effects of particulate matter on COVID-19. This air pollutant has been identified before as responsible for serious respiratory diseases. Studies on the differences in high and low polluted cities confirmed that COVID-19 not only correlates to the number of infections but also, increases of 1 ��g/m3 can cause a mortality rate to rise by 8% and the hospital admissions by 4.4%. However, laboratory studies are still needed to support these findings.

Insights From Individuals With Chronic Conditions In The Context Of Covid-19, B. Stephen Burton, Jonathan Patterson, Mackenzie Robinson, Dhiren Patel, Matt Allison, Kelly J. Brassil

Patient Experience Journal

The objective of this prospective survey series was to evaluate knowledge and concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with one or more chronic conditions, including cardiometabolic, autoimmune, respiratory and cancer diagnoses. Two surveys were distributed consisting of up to 55 items (March; n=1069) and up to 71 items (April, n=1126), with 24 items repeated from the first survey. Questions focused on healthcare access, barriers and concerns related to the COVID-19 virus. Descriptive analysis evaluated central tendencies, spread, and frequencies of the demographic data, disease states, and survey results within and between the two survey timepoints. Results from 416 …

Treatment With Hydroxychloroquine, Azithromycin, And Combination In Patients Hospitalized With Covid-19, Samia Arshad, Paul Kilgore, Zohra S. Chaudhry, Gordon Jacobsen, Dee Dee Wang, Kylie Huitsing, Indira Brar, George J. Alangaden, Mayur S. Ramesh, John E. Mckinnon, William O'Neill, Marcus Zervos, Henry Ford Covid-19 Task Force

Department of Pharmacy Practice

Significance: The United States is in an acceleration phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Currently there is no known effective therapy or vaccine for treatment of SARS-CoV-2, highlighting urgency around identifying effective therapies.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of hydroxychloroquine therapy alone and in combination with azithromycin in hospitalized patients positive for COVID-19.

Design: Multi-center retrospective observational study.

Setting: The Henry Ford Health System (HFHS) in Southeast Michigan: large six hospital integrated health system; the largest of hospitals is an 802-bed quaternary academic teaching hospital in urban Detroit, Michigan.

Participants: Consecutive patients hospitalized with a …

Intussusception In An Infant As A Manifestation Of Covid-19, Zorays Moazzam, Areej Saleem, Alina Ashraf, Fyezah Jehan, Muhammad Arshad

Medical College Documents

Gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19 are rare and have primarily been limited to diarrhea or vomiting. Intussusception is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in infants, with up to 30% of pediatric intussusception cases having a preceding viral illness. We present the rare case of intussusception in a SARS-CoV-2 positive infant. This is the first documented case of survival in a SARS-CoV-2 positive patient presenting with intussusception as the primary manifestation. As our knowledge of this disease evolves, surgeons need to remain suspicious for possible gastrointestinal manifestations of COVID-19.

Prospects For Rnai Therapy Of Covid-19, Hasan Uludağ, Kylie Parent, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Azita Haddadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a fast emerging disease with deadly consequences. The pulmonary system and lungs in particular are most prone to damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which leaves a destructive footprint in the lung tissue, making it incapable of conducting its respiratory functions and resulting in severe acute respiratory disease and loss of life. There were no drug treatments or vaccines approved for SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of pandemic, necessitating an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics. To this end, the innate RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be employed to develop front line therapies against …

Face Mask Effects Of Co2, Heart Rate, Respiration Rate, And Oxygen Saturation On Instructor Pilots, Andrew R. Dattel, Nicola M. O'Toole, Guillermina Lopez, Kenneth P. Byrnes

Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has required people to take new measures to mitigate the spread of the communicable virus. Guidelines from health organizations, government offices, and universities have been disseminated. Adherence to these guidelines cannot be more critical for flight training. This study explored the effects face masks had on CO2, heart rate, respiration rate, and oxygen saturation while wearing a face mask at an oxygen level simulated to 5,000 feet. Thirty-two instructor pilots (IP) volunteered to participate in the study. IPs spent 90 minutes in a normobaric chamber while wearing a cloth face mask or a paper face mask. Participants …

Physical And Mental Health Impacts Of Covid-19 On Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review, Natasha Shaukat, Daniyal Mansoor Ali, Junaid Razzak

Community Health Sciences

Background: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has spread to 198 countries, with approximately 2.4 million confirmed cases and 150,000 deaths globally as of April 18. Frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) face a substantially higher risk of infection and death due to excessive COVID-19 exposure. This review aimed at summarizing the evidence of the physical and mental health impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on health-care workers (HCWs).
Methods: We used the Arksey O'Malley framework to conduct a scoping review. A systematic literature search was conducted using two databases: PubMed and Google Scholar. We found 154 studies, and out of which 10 met our criteria. …

Factors In The Probability Of Covid-19 Transmission In University Classrooms, Charles Connor

Numeracy

University students and faculty members need an effective strategy to evaluate and reduce the probability that an individual will become infected with COVID-19 as a result of classroom interactions. Models are developed here that consider the probability an individual will become infected as a function of: prevalence of the disease in the university community, number of students in class, number of class meetings, and transmission rate in the classroom given the presence of an infected individual. Absolute probabilities that an individual will become infected in a classroom environment cannot be calculated because some of these factors have unknown values. Nevertheless, …

Endocrine Significance Of Sars-Cov-2'S Reliance On Ace2, Eric Lazartigues, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

The current COVID-19 pandemic is the most disruptive event in the past 50 years, with a global impact on health care and world economies. It is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a coronavirus that uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an entry point to the cells. ACE2 is a transmembrane carboxypeptidase and member of the renin-angiotensin system. This mini-review summarizes the main findings regarding ACE2 expression and function in endocrine tissues. We discuss rapidly evolving knowledge on the potential role of ACE2 and SARS coronaviruses in endocrinology and the development of diabetes mellitus, hypogonadism, and pituitary and …

Foundational Research And Nih Funding Enabling Emergency Use Authorization Of Remdesivir For Covid-19, Ekaterina Galkina Cleary, Matthew J. Jackson, Zoë Folchman-Wagner, Fred D. Ledley

Natural & Applied Sciences Faculty Publications

Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir months after discovery of COVID-19 is unprecedented. Typically, decades of research and public-sector funding are required to establish the mature body of foundational research requisite for efficient, targeted drug discovery and development. This work quantifies the body of research related to remdesivir’s biological target, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), or parent chemical structure, nucleoside analogs (NcAn), through 2019, as well as NIH funding for this research 2000–2019. There were 6,567 RdRp-related publications in PubMed, including 1,263 with NIH support, and 11,073 NcAn-related publications, including 2,319 with NIH support. NIH support for RdRp research comprised 2,203 Project …

Convalescent Plasma In Covid-19, Ranjit S. Banwait, Joshua K. Salabei, Troy J. Fishman, Uma G. Iyer

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

The recent pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, which causes novel coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19), has had devastating impact on a global and national scale. In order to overcome this outbreak it is imperative we find treatments that are safe and effective. To date, no definitive treatment is available that can curtail the spread of this viral syndrome. Convalescent plasma (CP) is one such option that has repeatedly served as an important tool in treatment of various bacterial and viral infections, especially in the setting of no specific antimicrobial or vaccination against an infectious disease. Herein, we review the history of CP, prior …

Resolving Tensions Between Disability Rights Law And Covid-19 Mask Policies, Elizabeth Pendo, Robert Gatter, Seema Mohapatra

All Faculty Scholarship

As states reopen, an increasing number of state and local officials are requiring people to wear face masks while out of the home. Grocery stores, retail outlets, restaurants and other businesses are also announcing their own mask policies, which may differ from public policies. Public health measures to stop the spread of the coronavirus such as wearing masks have the potential to greatly benefit millions of Americans with disabilities, who are particularly vulnerable to the impact of COVID-19. But certain disabilities may make it difficult or inadvisable to wear a mask.
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Emergency Department Admissions During Covid-19: Implications From The 2002-2004 Sars Epidemic, Muhammad Musaab Munir, Russell S. Martins, Asad Mian

Medical College Documents

No abstract provided.

We Are Not Alone In Trying To Be Alone, Patricia C. Lopes

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Certain diseases, like colds, tend not to stop us. A paracetamol here, an ibuprofen there, and we are on the go. That is, until we, as a species, are faced with a virus that not only spreads through social contact, but has an estimated reproductive number of 2 to 2.5 and potentially kills 3–4% of those infected (WHO, 2020). To reduce transmission probability of COVID-19, governmental agencies around the world have recommended or enforced measures to decrease social contact; early evidence suggests these measures produce the intended effect (Kucharski et al., 2020).