Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons^™

Biomarker-Directed Targeted Therapy Plus Durvalumab In Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Phase 2 Umbrella Trial, Benjamin Besse, Elvire Pons-Tostivint, Keunchil Park, Sylvia Hartl, Patrick M Forde, Maximilian J Hochmair, Mark M Awad, Michael Thomas, Glenwood Goss, Paul Wheatley-Price, Frances A Shepherd, Marie Florescu, Parneet Cheema, Quincy S C Chu, Sang-We Kim, Daniel Morgensztern, Melissa L Johnson, Sophie Cousin, Dong-Wan Kim, Mor T Moskovitz, David Vicente, Boaz Aronson, Rosalind Hobson, Helen J Ambrose, Sajan Khosla, Avinash Reddy, Deanna L Russell, Mohamed Reda Keddar, James P Conway, J Carl Barrett, Emma Dean, Rakesh Kumar, Marlene Dressman, Philip J Jewsbury, Sonia Iyer, Simon T Barry, Jan Cosaert, John V Heymach

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

For patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors without currently targetable molecular alterations, standard-of-care treatment is immunotherapy with anti-PD-(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors, alone or with platinum-doublet therapy. However, not all patients derive durable benefit and resistance to immune checkpoint blockade is common. Understanding mechanisms of resistance—which can include defects in DNA damage response and repair pathways, alterations or functional mutations in STK11/LKB1, alterations in antigen-presentation pathways, and immunosuppressive cellular subsets within the tumor microenvironment—and developing effective therapies to overcome them, remains an unmet need. Here the phase 2 umbrella HUDSON study evaluated rational combination regimens for advanced NSCLC following failure …

Omics-Based Profiles And Biomarkers Of Respiratory Infections: Are We There Yet?, Jezreel Pantaleon Garcia, Scott E Evans

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Descriptive omics-based clinical research provides valuable early steps in understanding host immune responses to respiratory pathogens in our global efforts to mitigate the impacts of severe respiratory infections with rapidly evolving technologies https://bit.ly/4bjJsvL

Covid-19 Hospital Mortality Among Patients With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation: A Comparison Between Public And Private Healthcare Services In San Luis Potosí 2020–2022, María E. Torres-Acosta, Rocío M. Cubos-Moncada, Alan Y. Martínez-Castellanos

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

Background: During 2019, México’s total public spending on health was 5.43% of the national gross domestic product, making it one of the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development that invested the least in developing public health systems. This study analyzes hospital mortality among intubated patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 according to type of institution in San Luis Potosí, México, from March 18, 2020, to April 7, 2022.

Methods: This is a secondary data analysis of publicly available information about mortality among intubated patients with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 with respect to the type of hospitalization institution.

Results: …

Utilizing Primary Human Airway Mucociliary Tissue Cultures To Model Ramifications Of Chronic E-Cigarette Usage., Vincent J Manna, Shannon Dwyer, Vanessa Pizutelli, Salvatore J Caradonna

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Electronic cigarettes are battery powered devices that use a vape-liquid to produce a vapor that is inhaled. A consequence of the rise in e-cigarette usage was the 2019 emergence of a vaping-induced respiratory disease denoted as 'e-cigarette or vaping use-associated lung injury' (EVALI). One of the suspected causes of EVALI is Vitamin E Acetate (VEA), which was found to be a diluent in certain illicit vape-pens, whereas nicotine is commonly diluted in equal parts propylene glycol and vegetable glycerin (PG:VG). The prevalent use of e-cigarettes and the emergence of a novel illness has made understanding how e-cigarette vapors affect our …

Association Of Socioeconomic Factors And Severity Of Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations, Raymond Parlar-Chun, Zoabe Hafeez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

It is unclear if socioeconomic status (SES) factors influence severity of illness of patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis. This study was conducted to identify SES factors including the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s Social Vulnerability Composite Index (SVI), estimated income, proportion of minority, proportion of living below poverty, insurance status, and number of household members associated with length of stay (LOS) and intensive care unit admission. Infants hospitalized at a tertiary care urban center for bronchiolitis were identified using International Classification of Diseases codes. Federal information processing system codes were identified from home address and paired with SVI and 2018 …

Development And Validation Of A Nomogram For Predicting Pulmonary Infection In Patients Receiving Immunosuppressive Drugs, Chuxuan Luo, Yue Zhang, Jiajie Zhang, Chen Jin, Xiaolan Ye, Yan Ren, Huajuan Shen, Maosheng Chen, Yiwen Li, Qiang He, Guangbiao Xu, Lina Shao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective: Pulmonary infection (PI), a severe complication of immunosuppressive therapy, affects patients' prognosis. As part of this study, we aimed to construct a pulmonary infection prediction (PIP) model and validate it in patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs). Methods: Totally, 7,977 patients being treated with ISDs were randomised 7:3 to the developing (n = 5,583) versus validation datasets (n = 2,394). Our predictive nomogram was established using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and multivariate COX regression analyses. With the use of the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve, the prediction performance of the final model was …

A Common Complaint With An Unexpected Diagnosis: A Case Of Mycobacterium Avium Complex Pulmonary Abscesses, Maryam Fallahi, Mark Cheneler, Qazi Haider, Madhukanth Reddy

North Texas GME Research Forum 2024

Introduction: Mycobacterial infections are an atypical organism for pulmonary infections. These infections are classically separated in tuberculous (MTB) and nontuberculous (NTM) groups due to their differing pathogenicity and microbiologic therapy regimens. MTB is typically treated with a 4-drug therapy known as RIPE (rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol) however NTM is typically treated with 3- or 4-drug therapy with a backbone of rifampin, macrolide, and ethambutol. Due to the long courses of therapy required for NTM, stringent diagnostic criteria of clinical, radiologic, and microbiologic findings are required. Despite meeting all 3 criteria for diagnosis, not every patient is a candidate for …

A Challenging Diagnosis: A Rare Variant Of Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma With Desquamative Interstitial Pneumonia-Like Morphology, Laura Luu, Maritess Dejesus, Christina Kovacs, Renu Khode

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Targeting Transitioning Lung Monocytes/Macrophages As Treatment Strategies In Lung Disease Related To Environmental Exposures, Aaron Schwab, Todd A. Wyatt, Grace Moravec, Geoffrey M. Thiele, Amy J. Nelson, Angela Gleason, Oliver Schanze, Michael J. Duryee, Debra J. Romberger, Ted R. Mikuls, Jill A. Poole

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Background: Environmental/occupational exposures cause significant lung diseases. Agricultural organic dust extracts (ODE) and bacterial component lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induce recruited,transitioning murine lung monocytes/macrophages, yet their cellular role remains unclear.

Methods: CCR2 RFP⁺ mice were intratracheally instilled with high concentration ODE (25%), LPS (10 μg), or gram-positive peptidoglycan (PGN, 100 μg) for monocyte/macrophage cell-trafficking studies. CCR2 knockout (KO) mice and administration of intravenous clodronate liposomes strategies were employed to reduce circulating monocytes available for lung recruitment following LPS exposure.Lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were collected. Pro-inflammatory and/or pro-fibrotic cytokines, chemokines, and lung extracellular matrix mediators were quantitated by ELISA. …

Non-Invasive Ventilatory Support, Tube Feeding & Risk Of Aspiration Pneumonia, Jason Mae Chacon, Zuhaib Murtaza, Sarah Barraza, Judy Jin, Payal Passi

Central & West Texas GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

A Quality Improvement Study On Increasing Rates Of Lung Cancer Screening, Arpit Arora, Crystal Bharat, Sophia Zia, Pooja Paunikar, Dana Simpson

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Recurrent Pleural Effusion, An Extraarticular Manifestation Of Seronegative Rheumatoid Arthritis, Ronald Spinelle, Jeffin Cherian, Luke Rogers, Domenick Sorresso

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

A Retrospective Study Of Procalcitonin Utilization In Clinical Practice, Tanner Norris, Matthew Yurkewicz, Patrick Jenkins, Beth Hicks, Dmitriy Scherbak

Continental, MidAmerica, & Mountain Divisions GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Beyond The Muscle: A Case Presentation On Interstitial Lung Disease In The Setting Of Dermatomyositis, Monique Shamoon, Daria Tarighy, Alejandro Hernandez, Mohamad Saad

East Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Successful Implementation Of Pulmonary Embolism Response Team At Oak Hill Hospital, Shaikh Afaq, Michael Cox, Jaafar Hamdan, Hayder Abidali

West Florida Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Case Of Metastatic Eshophageal Adenocarcinoma Presenting As Multiple Cavitary Lung Lesions, Michael L. Ahrens, Mala Goyal, Shivangi A. Gohil, Shruti Verma, Pratima K. Singh

Continental, MidAmerica, & Mountain Divisions GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Spontaneous Pleuritic Chest Pain In An Otherwise Healthy 22 Year-Old Collegiate Athlete, Ryan Hammond, Rachel Turner, Chae Ko

TriStar Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Flash Pulmonary Edema Secondary To Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava, Jack Demirjian, Rohan Divecha, Emmanuel Garrastegui-Mercado, Oscar Garcia

Central & West Texas GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

Primary Care Physician Trust: The Importance Of Early Medical Intervention For African American Children With Asthma, Harrish Ganesh

AUCTUS: The Journal of Undergraduate Research and Creative Scholarship

Asthma is a prevalent condition characterized by an individual’s airway becoming inflamed, constricted, and leads to the formation of mucus and difficulty breathing. Nearly 27 million individuals are currently diagnosed with Asthma in the United States, and African Americans are 40% more likely to be diagnosed with asthma than Caucasians. This literature review analyzed multifaceted barriers that restrict African American asthmatic children from gaining consistent asthma treatment. Some of these barriers range from historical racial discrimination that leads to parental mistrust to financial and educational barriers that result in inconsistent pediatric care for asthmatic children. The combination of the above …

Lung-Delivered Il-10 Therapy Elicits Beneficial Effects Via Immune Modulation In Organic Dust Exposure-Induced Lung Inflammation, Aaron D. Schwab, Todd A. Wyatt, Amy J. Nelson, Angela Gleason, Rohit Gaurav, Debra J. Romberger, Jill A. Poole

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

Efficacious therapeutic options capable of resolving inflammatory lung disease associated with environmental and occupational exposures are lacking. This study sought to determine the preclinical therapeutic potential of lung-delivered recombinant interleukin (IL)-10 therapy following acute organic dust exposure in mice. Here, C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally instilled with swine confinement organic dust extract (ODE) (12.5%, 25%, 50% concentrations) with IL-10 (1 μg) treatment or vehicle control intratracheally-administered three times: 5 hr post-exposure and then daily for 2 days. The results showed that IL-10 treatment reduced ODE (25%)-induced weight loss by 66% and 46% at Day 1 and Day 2 post-exposure, respectively. IL-10 …

Polygenic And Transcriptional Risk Scores Identify Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Subtypes In The Copdgene And Eclipse Cohort Studies, Matthew Moll, Julian Hecker, John Platig, Jingzhou Zhang, Auyon J. Ghosh, Katherine A. Pratte, Rui-Sheng Wang, Davin Hill, Iain R. Konigsberg, Joe W. Chiles, Craig P. Hersh, Peter J. Castaldi, Kimberly Glass, Jennifer G. Dy, Don D. Sin, Ruth Tal-Singer, Majd Mouded, Stephen I. Rennard, Gary P. Anderson, Gregory L. Kinney, Russell P. Bowler, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Merry-Lynn Mcdonald, Edwin K. Silverman, Brian D. Hobbs, Michael H. Cho

Journal Articles: Pulmonary & Critical Care Med

BACKGROUND: Genetic variants and gene expression predict risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but their effect on COPD heterogeneity is unclear. We aimed to define high-risk COPD subtypes using genetics (polygenic risk score, PRS) and blood gene expression (transcriptional risk score, TRS) and assess differences in clinical and molecular characteristics.

METHODS: We defined high-risk groups based on PRS and TRS quantiles by maximising differences in protein biomarkers in a COPDGene training set and identified these groups in COPDGene and ECLIPSE test sets. We tested multivariable associations of subgroups with clinical outcomes and compared protein-protein interaction networks and drug repurposing …

Subcutaneous Emphysema Of Unknown Etiology In A Young Healthy Adult Male: A Case Report, Charlie Wu, Teneme Konne

TriStar Division GME Research Day 2024

No abstract provided.

A Case Of Mediastinitis From Esophageal Perforation Presenting As Gastric Volvulus/Para-Esophageal Hernia, Anam Zara, Bushra Bangash, Renu Thomas, Asad Rehman, Karthik Vadamalai, Zuhair Ali, Mishal Mazhar

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Critical Airway Obstruction Secondary To Acute Necrotizing Tracheitis, Vishesh Persaud, Austin Makadia, S Choudhury, A Chohan, Abhay Vakil

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Ipsilateral Hemi-Diaphragmatic Paralysis After Intra Scalene Nerve Block: A Rare But Reported Entity, Vishesh Persaud, Austin Makadia, Saad Choudhry, A Chohan, Abhay Vakil

Gulf Coast Division GME Research Symposium 2024

No abstract provided.

Improving Health Outcomes In Children And Adolescents With Asthma, Elizabeth Kate Coffey Moore

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Asthma is among the most prevalent chronic illnesses found in the United States, affecting millions of people under the age of 18 each year. The disease burden for affected children, adolescents, their families, and the healthcare system is immense. Finding ways to mitigate its impact is critical to improving the lives of affected children, adolescents, and their families. The three chapters included in this dissertation aimed to document the asthma triggers that children and adolescents are exposed to and strategies for reducing them and to demonstrate using Imogene King’s conceptual framework to guide nursing practice to care for and nursing …

Early And Rapid Development Of Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Jacqueline S Dickey, Burton F Dickey, Amin M Alousi, Richard E Champlin, Ajay Sheshadri

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a form of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in the lung and manifests as moderate to severe airflow obstruction after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). New-onset airflow obstruction on spirometry is considered diagnostic of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS). BOS affects about 5% of all HCT recipients. In general, BO is thought of as a late complication of HCT, usually occurring after day 100 post-transplantation. However, the onset of airflow obstruction can be rapid and is most often irreversible even with treatment. We describe a patient who rapidly developed severe airflow obstruction less than one month after transplantation following …

Hypoxia-Adenosine Axis As Therapeutic Targets For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Katherine Figarella, Jieun Kim, Wei Ruan, Tingting Mills, Holger Klaus Eltzschig, Xiaoyi Yuan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The human respiratory and circulatory systems collaborate intricately to ensure oxygen delivery to all cells, which is vital for ATP production and maintaining physiological functions and structures. During limited oxygen availability, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are stabilized and play a fundamental role in maintaining cellular processes for hypoxia adaptation. First discovered during investigations of erythropoietin production regulation, HIFs influence physiological and pathological processes, including development, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. HIFs promote extracellular adenosine signaling by enhancing adenosine generation and receptor signaling, representing an endogenous feedback mechanism that curbs excessive inflammation, supports injury resolution, and enhances hypoxia tolerance. This is especially …

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis: Radiological And Microbiological Profile Of Patients Presented In An Outpatient Pulmonary Clinic In A Developing Country, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Mustafa Bin Ali Zubairi, Maaha Ayub, Safia Awan, Kauser Jabeen, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

There is limited data available about allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in Pakistan. The aim of the study was to describe the radiological and microbiological profile of ABPA patients presenting to the outpatient pulmonary clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. A retrospective study was conducted on ABPA patients who presented to the pulmonary outpatient clinic at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, from January 2017 to December 2019. Data was collected on microbiology and radiology features on predesigned proforma. A total of 7759 asthmatic patients presented at the outpatient pulmonology clinic during the study period. Of the 245 …

Optimizing Antibiotic Durations Of Therapy In Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Gregory Cook, Shubho Sarkar

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Infectious Diseases Week, IDWeek 2023, October 11-15, 2023, Boston, MA