Respiratory Tract Diseases Commons^™

Identifying Barriers To Healthcare Access And Utilization Experienced By Lgbtq+ Adults With Chronic Diseases Through The Lens Of The Social Ecological Model, Devin Mottier

Capstone Experience

The purpose of this literature review is to comprehensively examine and synthesize existing research on present barriers to health access and utilization that contribute to the disparities in chronic disease prevalence within the adult LGBTQ+ population. In the context of this review, the social-ecological model (SEM) was used to describe the nuanced and multifaceted nature of healthcare access and utilization. This literature review was based upon the following question: ‘Using the social-ecological model, what are the barriers to health access and utilization that contribute to high rates of chronic disease in LGBTQ+ adults?’ Outcome measures of interest included the following …

Treatment Options For World Health Organization Hroups 2 And 3 Pulmonary Hypertension: Using Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Medication, Austin Makadia, Jorge Garza, Arjun Kamath, Ahsan Syed, Vishesh Persaud

Gulf Coast Division Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Metastatic Anterior Mediastinal Mass Causing Simultaneous Chylothorax And Svc Syndrome, Kelly Schulte, Kavanya Feustel, Jeffrey Ramsey, Elizabeth Hicks

Continental, MidAmerica, & Mountain Divisions Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Pneumococcal Vaccine Guidance 2022, Bona Shin, Michael Do, Elaina Lioudis

Transformative Medicine (T-Med)

PCV15 and PCV20 received FDA approval in 2021. This article provides an overview of all pneumococcal vaccines - PPSV23, PCV13, PCV15, and PCV20 and their place in therapy. It provides a summary of pneumococcal disease burden in the U.S., vaccine spectrum of activity, indications, adult/pediatric dosing schedules, efficacy, and common adverse drug reactions.

Factors Influencing The Use Of Postoperative Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure (Bipap) In Patients Undergoing Adult Cardiac Surgery: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Syed Shabbir Ahmed, Muhammad Saad Yousuf, Khalid Samad, Hameed Ullah, Khalid Maudood Siddiqui

Department of Anaesthesia

Background and aims: Respiratory complications are one of the biggest challenges following cardiac surgery, which can lead to hypoxia and acute respiratory failure (ARF). The aim of this study to identify the factors led to BiPAP application for postoperative respiratory complications and its effectiveness as the main outcome measures after cardiac surgery.
Methods: It was a retrospective cohort study with consecutive sampling technique. A total of 335 postcardiac surgery patients medical record was reviewed who were underwent for surgery from November 1, 2018 to November 30, 2019. 265 patients were finalized for the recruitment, five patients were excluded before the …

¿Existe Asociación Entre La Multimorbilidad Y La Mortalidad De Pacientes Con Covid-19? Análisis De Una Submuestra De Una Cohorte Colombiana., Silvia Villabona Flórez Dr, Mariam Beatriz Posso-Paz Dr, Catalina Cáceres Ramírez Dr, Alvaro José Lora Mantilla Dr, Andrea Karin Riaño Duarte Dr., Laura Alejandra Parra-Gómez Dr, Valentina Ortegón Vargas Dr, María Catalina Rocha Lezama Dr, Paul Anthony Camacho López Dr

AMNET XX Conferencia Internacional

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación la multimorbilidad y la mortalidad en pacientes con diagnóstico por COVID-19.

Metodología: Estudio observacional de cohorte ambispectiva de pacientes con infección por COVID-19 que acudieron a urgencias de la Fundación Oftalmológica de Santander, Bucaramanga en el periodo entre agosto de 2020 y junio 2021. Se realizó un análisis de una submuestra de pacientes fallecidos, divididos en tres grupos según sus antecedentes; pacientes sin comorbilidades, pacientes con ≤2 comorbilidades y pacientes con multimorbilidad (>2 comorbilidades). Finalmente se analizó el consumo de 14 medicamentos.

Resultados: Se analizaron 1509 participante con una edad media de 58.3±19.8 años. La …

Advancements In Left Ventricular Assist Devices To Prevent Pump Thrombosis And Blood Coagulopathy, Grainne Malone, Gerges Abdelsayed, Fianait Bligh, Fatma Al Qattan, Saifullah Syed, Prateepan Varatharajullu, Augustin Msellati, Daniela Mwipatayi, Maimoona Azhar, Saulat Hasnain Fatimi

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices, such as left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are very useful in improving outcomes in patients with advanced-stage heart failure. Despite recent advances in LVAD development, pump thrombosis is one of the most severe adverse events caused by LVADs. The contact of blood with artificial materials of LVAD pumps and cannulas triggers the coagulation cascade. Heat spots, for example, produced by mechanical bearings are often subjected to thrombus build-up when low-flow situations impair washout and thus the necessary cooling does not happen. The formation of thrombus in an LVAD may compromise its function, causing a drop …

The Effects Of Electronic Vs Traditional Cigarette Use On Heart And Lung Function, Kayla Stephenson, Daniel Stephenson, Sofia Robles, Luke Stewart

Symposium of Student Scholars

Abstract

Background: Due to the exponential growth in teenage use of electronic cigarettes, it appears that school aged children are starting to smoke at younger ages. It is frightening how many people are using electronic cigarettes and how sparse data exist. In this systematic review, we will illuminate the differences between electronic cigarettes and traditional cigarettes. With the rise in popularity of electronic cigarettes, we will describe the specific effects of electronic cigarettes on the cardiac and pulmonary systems. We sought to understand the long-term effect of using electronic and traditional cigarettes on cardiac and pulmonary systems.

Methods: After searching …

Viral Hepatitis - The Road Traveled And The Journey Remaining, Ghulam Fareed Malik, Noval Zakaria, Muhammad Ibrahim Majeed, Faisal Wasim Ismail

Section of Gastroenterology

Hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver and is commonly due to infection with The hepatotropic viruses - hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. Hepatitis carries one of the highest disease burdens globally and has caused significant morbidity and mortality among different patient populations. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic or acute flu-like illness to acute liver failure or chronic liver disease, characterized by jaundice, hepatomegaly and ascites among many other signs. Eventually, this can lead to fibrosis (cirrhosis) of the liver parenchyma and carries a risk of development into hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatitis B and C are most notorious …

Determinant Of Repeat Revascularization Within 5 Years Of Percutaneous Coronary Lntervention At A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi: A Matched Case-Control Study, Komal Valliani, Azmina Artani, Iqbal Azam, Javed Tai, M. Masood Kadir

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To determine factors associated with repeat revascularization among adults aged 25 years and above within 5 years of first Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: A matched case-control study was conducted through a hospital records review. A total of 90 cases with repeat revascularization and 180 controls without repeat revascularization were included. Data was analyzed using Multiple Conditional Logistic Regression.
Results: The mean age was similar in cases and controls (60.05 ± 10.01 vs 62.20 ± 10.43 years) and sex (male: 77.8% vs. 76.1%). History of being an ever-smoker (40% vs. 25%), overweight (36.3% vs. …

Implementation Of A Postdischarge Virtual Visit And Nurse Follow-Up Protocol To Decrease 30-Day Readmission Rates For Patients With Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, Kimberly Thompson

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Student Works

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, chronic disease with no cure. Patients with this disease have high mortality and morbidity, experience frequent hospitalizations, readmissions, and psychosocial burdens, and require a high degree of self-care management skills (Doyle-Cox et al., 2016; Lattimer et al., 2016; McDevitt & Walter, 2019). More than half of PAH patients are hospitalized within the first year following diagnosis, and about 20% are readmitted to the hospital within thirty days of discharge (Bhattacharya et al., 2019: Tonelli, 2020). These patients also have a high symptom burden, and these symptoms significantly affect their physical and mental quality …

Serious Adverse Events And 30-Day Hospital Readmission Rate Following Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Costas Papakostidis, Peter V Giannoudis, J. Tracy Watson, Robert Zura, R. Grant Steen

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgery which has evolved rapidly. However, there are no recent large systematic reviews of serious adverse event (SAE) rate and 30-day readmission rate (30-dRR) or an indication of whether surgical methods have improved. Methods: To obtain a pooled estimate of SAE rate and 30-dRR following TKA, we searched Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases. Data were extracted by two authors following PRISMA guidelines. Eligibility criteria were defined prior to a comprehensive search. Studies were eligible if they were published in 2007 or later, described sequelae of TKA …

Efficacy Of Pulmonary Ultrasound Compared To N-Terminal Prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide As A Diagnostic Tool For Congestive Heart Failure In Patients Presenting With Acute Dyspnea In The Emergency Setting, Leah Krohn, Michael Burns

Physician Assistant Capstones, 2020-current

Objective: To determine the efficacy of using pulmonary ultrasound as a diagnostic tool in acute dyspnea of undetermined cause compared to the use of serum N-Terminal prohormone Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in the diagnosis of heart failure.

Design: Systematic literature review

Methods: Searches were conducted in PubMed and Scopus using the terms pulmonary ultrasound and congestive heart failure and studies within the last 10 years. Studies that used pulmonary ultrasound compared to BNP as a marker for the diagnosis of heart failure were included.

Results: All three studies found that the use of pulmonary ultrasound was a more specific …

Retrospective Review Of Anticoagulation Regimens Used For The Prevention Of Venous Thromboembolisms In Critically Ill Patients Infected With Sars-Cov-2, Tony Nguyen, Heidi Clarke

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Incidence Of Thrombosis And Bleeding In Medical Floor Covid-19 Patients At A Community Hospital, Giselle Chahili, Frank C. Moreno Exposito, Heidi Clarke, Erika Dittmar

All Publications

No abstract provided.

An Investigation Into The Response Of The Us And Eu5 To The Covid-19 Disease (Convergence Of Two Pandemics: Covid-19 And Ncds), Omar Hassan

Publications and Research

In late December 2019, a coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was identified in Wuhan China. COVID-19 was a result of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARA-CoV-2), which has resulted in a worldwide sudden and substantial increase in hospitalizations for pneumonia with multiorgan disease. As of October 6, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has affected more than 200 countries, resulting in more than 35 million identified cases with more than 1 million confirmed deaths.

This is a cross-sectional, non-interventional, observational study in patients infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) or Covid-19, using John Hopkins University database JHU Coronavirus map. The data collected from …

Insights From Individuals With Chronic Conditions In The Context Of Covid-19, B. Stephen Burton, Jonathan Patterson, Mackenzie Robinson, Dhiren Patel, Matt Allison, Kelly J. Brassil

Patient Experience Journal

The objective of this prospective survey series was to evaluate knowledge and concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic among individuals with one or more chronic conditions, including cardiometabolic, autoimmune, respiratory and cancer diagnoses. Two surveys were distributed consisting of up to 55 items (March; n=1069) and up to 71 items (April, n=1126), with 24 items repeated from the first survey. Questions focused on healthcare access, barriers and concerns related to the COVID-19 virus. Descriptive analysis evaluated central tendencies, spread, and frequencies of the demographic data, disease states, and survey results within and between the two survey timepoints. Results from 416 …

Prospects For Rnai Therapy Of Covid-19, Hasan Uludağ, Kylie Parent, Hamidreza Montazeri Aliabadi, Azita Haddadi

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

COVID-19 caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is a fast emerging disease with deadly consequences. The pulmonary system and lungs in particular are most prone to damage caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infection, which leaves a destructive footprint in the lung tissue, making it incapable of conducting its respiratory functions and resulting in severe acute respiratory disease and loss of life. There were no drug treatments or vaccines approved for SARS-CoV-2 at the onset of pandemic, necessitating an urgent need to develop effective therapeutics. To this end, the innate RNA interference (RNAi) mechanism can be employed to develop front line therapies against …

Angiopoietin 1 Protects Against Lps-Induced Acute Lung Injury And Alveolar Remodeling In Neonatal Mice, Umar Salimi

Research Days

No abstract provided.

Anomalous Origin Of The Left Coronary Artery From The Pulmonary Artery: A Surgical Certainty, Ayesha Butt, Muhammad Muneer Amanullah, Mehnaz Atiq Ahmed, Asif Hasan, Waris Ahmad

Medical College Documents

This study aims to assess the clinical presentation and the outcomes of a surgical correction of an anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA). A retrospective review was carried out on the charts of six patients admitted for ALCAPA surgery at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi from March 2017 to May 2018.Dyspnoea, palpitation, poor feeding, fatiguability, pallor and a murmur of mitral regurgitation were the main presenting features. The pre-operative median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 64%. Coronary reimplantation was performed in all the patients with a mitral valve repair being done in only …

Syllabus For Clinical Exercise Physiology (Kine 4700), Phillip Drouet

Q2S Enhancing Pedagogy

The syllabus has newly developed learning objectives that will prepare students entering the field of clinical exercise physiology. This course will cover the etiology and pathophysiology of many chronic diseases that plague the population. Assessments of chronic diseases include but are not limited to understanding symptomology will also be covered. Due to the limitations in time the most prevalent chronic disease will be covered and students will have to present on a disease that was not presented in class. The practical application portion of this course will take place during a lab section. Here students will have the opportunity to …

Exposure To Household Secondhand Smoke Among Adolescents In Kuwait: Results From Two School-Based Cross-Sectional Studies, Ali H. Ziyab, Mohammad Almari, Abdullah Al-Taiar

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

INTRODUCTION: Detrimental effects of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure are well established; however, data on SHS exposure among adolescents in Kuwait are lacking. Hence, this study sought to estimate the prevalence of household SHS exposure among two samples of adolescents in Kuwait and assess its variation by socioeconomic status and parental education level.

METHODS: Data from two large school-based cross-sectional studies were analyzed. Adolescents attending public middle (n=3864; aged 11-14 years) and high (n=1959; aged 14-19 years) schools throughout Kuwait were enrolled in 2016-2017, and parental self-reported household SHS exposure was ascertained. Associations were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance …

Relationship Of Patient Self-Administered Copd Assessment Test To Physician Standard Assessment Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In A Family Medicine Residency Training Program, Jessica E. Burchette, Ivy A. Click, Leigh Johnson, S. Alicia Williams, Brett Tyler Morgan

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Assessing the global impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on a patient’s life can be difficult to perform in the clinical setting due to time constraints and workflow challenges. The primary objective of this study was to compare disease impact ratings between patient self-administered COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and physician standard office assessment. This prospective study was conducted at a family medicine residency clinic in northeast Tennessee. The study included two study groups: 1) adult patients seen at the clinic during the 3-month study period with an active diagnosis of COPD, and 2) their physicians. Physicians’ assessment of the …

Navigating A Difficult Transition In Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Clinical Case Study, Tina Hyman, Michael Salinero, Francisco Javier Jimenez-Carcamo, Margarita Pallares, Maribel Matos

Nursing & Health Sciences Research Journal

Over the past 20 years, Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH) patients and providers have seen an increase in options to treat PAH. Currently, there are choices for the delivery of medications approved to treat patients with PAH where at one point the only option was intravenous (IV) therapy. This case study details the transition from IV Epoprostenol to oral Treprostinil for the treatment of a 53 year old female diagnosed with severe Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension whose quality of life became unbearable by the IV medication delivery route. This patient was a synchronized swimmer in her youth and her passion for water …

Successful Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation In The Management Of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome And Cardiopulmonary Collapse Secondary To Amniotic Fluid Embolism, Sumon Roy, Nishit A. Biniwale, Venkata S. Pendela, Patricia Oates, Katrina Wojciechowski, Scott C. Feitell

The VAD Journal

Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) is one of the most devastating complications of pregnancy that typically manifests as acute cardiopulmonary collapse during delivery or in the postpartum period. The potential role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a management technique in severe cases of AFE remains largely unknown given the limited literature available. In this report, we present the first case, to our knowledge, of successful implementation of ECMO as a life-saving measure in a case of hemorrhagic shock due to postpartum bleeding complicated by severe AFE leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ultimately requiring tracheostomy. Hemodynamic decompensation is often …

The Impact On Cost, Quality, And Patient Satisfaction When Delivering Care To Acutely Ill Adults In An At-Home Care Model Versus An Inpatient Hospital Setting., Franchesca M. Adams

Honors Theses and Capstones

The impact on cost, quality, and patient satisfaction when delivering care to acutely ill adults in an at-home care model versus an inpatient hospital setting. Hospital level care for certain acute conditions can be safely delivered in the patient’s home while lowering the cost per episode of care, maintaining or improving patient experience, and improving safety and patient/care giver education as well as care coordination, at the Critical Access Hospital (CAH) level.

Changes In Muscle Size, Quality And Power Are Related To Physical Function In Patients With Critical Illness, Kirby Mayer

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) are known to develop significant impairments in physical function. Patients with critical illness suffer up to 30% reductions in muscle size within the first ten days of admission to the ICU. Muscle strength testing, Medical Research Council-sum score, is current gold-standard to diagnosis ICU-acquired weakness and predicts risk of mortality and long-term physical function. Muscle power different from muscle strength in that it accounts for velocity of movement, is potentially a better independent predictor of function that has not been studied in this population. In addition, we hypothesize that muscle size and quality …

The Impact Of Pulmonary Hypertension In Preterm Infants With Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Through 1 Year., Joanne M. Lagatta, Erik B. Hysinger, Isabella Zaniletti, Erica M. Wymore, Shilpa Vyas-Read, Sushmita Yallapragada, Leif D. Nelin, William E. Truog, Michael A. Padula, Nicolas F M Porta, Rashmin C. Savani, Karin P. Potoka, Steven M. Kawut, Robert Digeronimo, Girija Natarajan, Huayan Zhang, Theresa R. Grover, William A. Engle, Karna Murthy, Children's Hospital Neonatal Consortium Severe Bpd Focus Group

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of pulmonary hypertension on neonatal intensive care unit mortality and hospital readmission through 1 year of corrected age in a large multicenter cohort of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 1677 infants bornChildren's Hospital Neonatal Consortium with records linked to the Pediatric Health Information System.

RESULTS: Pulmonary hypertension occurred in 370 out of 1677 (22%) infants. During the neonatal admission, pulmonary hypertension was associated with mortality (OR 3.15, 95% CI 2.10-4.73, P < .001), ventilator support at 36 weeks of postmenstrual age (60% vs 40%, P < .001), duration of ventilation (72 IQR 30-124 vs 41 IQR 17-74 days, P < .001), and higher respiratory severity score (3.6 IQR 0.4-7.0 vs 0.8 IQR 0.3-3.3, P < .001). At discharge, pulmonary hypertension was associated with tracheostomy (27% vs 9%, P < .001), supplemental oxygen use (84% vs 61%, P < .001), and tube feeds (80% vs 46%, P < .001). Through 1 year of corrected age, pulmonary hypertension was associated with increased frequency of readmission (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.38, 95% CI 1.18-1.63, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS: Infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension have increased morbidity and mortality through …

The Role Of Id3 And Pcb153 In The Hyperproliferation And Dysregulation Of Lung Endothelial Cells, Mayur Arvind Doke

FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Uncontrolled growth of vascular stem cells as a result of endothelial-mesenchymal transition is considered to cause hyper-proliferative vascular remodeling in severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. Hyperplastic intimal growth is one of the causes of closure of the lumen of pulmonary arterioles. This abnormal vessel remodeling leads to the progressive increase in pressure of the pulmonary arterioles causing severe PAH; and debilitating harm to patients resulting in mortality from right heart failure. Environmental factors, including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), are considered to be involved in hyper-proliferative vascular remodeling because genetic makeup can only explain about 10% of severe PAH cases. PCB …

Chile: Air Pollution, Kara Eder

Global Public Health

Chile faces a constant issue of air pollution, reaping respiratory health problems for citizens in urban areas. While the many cases over the past century have increased officials to take action on the issue, the growing infrastructure and economy of the country makes it difficult to regulate harmful emissions. Wood-burning heaters within urban residential areas also contribute to the unhealthy smog. Ingestion of these forms of matter in the air causes respiratory symptoms such as bronchitis and cardiovascular disease. Bans on such heaters and taxes on vehicle emissions were placed in order to prevent the severity of pollutants in the …