Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Commons^™

The Effect Of Fructose Metabolism On Hepatic De Novo Lipogenesis And Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Taghreed Ibrahim Fadhul

Theses and Dissertations--Nutritional Sciences

There is a worldwide epidemic of obesity and metabolic dysfunction. The root cause of obesity is driven by a positive energy balance, which is a consequence of increased caloric intake and decreased energy expenditure. Energy intake is the more dominant force, as increasing energy expenditure is a time-consuming and labor-intensive process. The caloric surplus can be mainly accounted for by increased consumption of high-fat and high-sugar diets. While the risks associated with fat consumption are well-documented, the impact of sugar intake is less understood.

Fructose is a simple sugar widely consumed in modern diets. Its intake has been associated with …

Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Glp-1 Receptor Agonist Effects On Outcomes Of Hemiarthroplasty For Femoral Neck Fractures In Diabetics, Mckenna W. Box, Troy Puga, Neil Werthmann, Yingxian Liu, John T. Riehl

North Texas Research Forum 2025

Introduction: To determine if the use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) in type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) patients affects outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures (FNFs). Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of a local hospital system database was performed using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes to identify T2DM patients who were at least 18 years of age who underwent hemiarthroplasty (HA) for FNFs and were on a GLP-1RA at the time of injury. A random patient sample of those who underwent HA and were not on a GLP-1RA was used as a …

Severe Hypercalcemia In A Patient Taking Chronic Shark Fin Supplements, Sumanth Reddy, Bishwas Upadhyay

North Texas Research Forum 2025

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: In this study, we discuss a case of an 86 year old Vietnamese female who presents with severe hypercalcemia, 15.0, who presented with progressively worsening physical debility which resulted in the patient being wheelchair bound after being found to be taking chronic calcium supplements. Hypercalcemia is a metabolic abnormality that is known to cause muscle weakness, changes in sensorium, dehydrations, nausea, anorexia, polyuria, constipation, fatigue, and depression. CASE PRESENTATION: Patient is an 85 year old female with significant medical history of osteoarthritis who presented to the emergency department for generalized fatigue for the past 2 weeks. Patient reports that …

Hypothyroidism Associated Hyponatremia, A Complicated Presentation, Gary Lee, Spencer Steinberg, Samiuallh Shahid, Evangelista Ezenduka, Edgardo Flores

North Texas Research Forum 2025

Introduction: Hypothyroidism is a well known text-book cause of euvolumic hyponatremia that is a rare occurrence in clinical practice in the absence of other potential etiologies of hyponatremia. We review a case of a 48 year old female presenting with profound generalized weakness found to have severe hyponatremia, later found to have severe hypothyroidism during admission. We review the potential mechanisms whereby hypothyroidism results in hyponatremia and whether or not hypothyroidism-induced hyponatremia truly exists and the current evidence supporting these views Case Presentation: 48 year old female with history of hypothyroidism, breast cancer post right lumpectomy and radiation presented for …

Emcreg-International Multidisciplinary Consensus Panel On Management Of Hyperkalemia In Chronic Kidney Disease And Heart Failure, Natalie Kreitzer, Nancy M. Albert, Alpesh N. Amin, Craig J. Beavers, Richard C. Becker, Gregg Fonarow, W. Brian Gibler, Katherine W. Kwon, Robert J. Mentz, Biff F. Palmer, Charles V. Pollack, Iliana L. Piña

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Hyperkalemia, generally defined as serum potassium levels greater than 5.0 mEq/L, poses significant clinical risks, including cardiac toxicity and muscle weakness. Its prevalence and severity increase in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus, and heart failure (HF), particularly when compounded by medications like angiotensin converting inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and potassium sparing diuretics. Hyperkalemia arises from disruptions in potassium regulation involving intake, excretion, and intracellular-extracellular distribution. In CKD and acute kidney injury, these regulatory mechanisms are impaired, leading to heightened risk. The management of chronic hyperkalemia presents a challenge due to the necessity of balancing effective cardiovascular …

Sex-Specific Roles Of The Adipocyte Mineralocorticoid Receptor In Obesity And Early Life Stress, Meghan B. Turner

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences

Obesity is a burgeoning health epidemic caused by chronic overnutrition and exacerbated by genetic, environmental and developmental factors. The adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a transcriptionally active nuclear receptor, is speculated to contribute to metabolic dysfunction in the obese state. MR expression is increased in obese adipose tissue, and MR modulates the expression of fat-derived hormones such as leptin and adiponectin. In women, obesity can be exacerbated by early life stress, such as adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Studies show that women display a positive association between cumulative ACE exposures and increased body mass index. Previously, we demonstrated that maternal separation and …

A Systematic Review Of Dietary Trends, Influencing Factors, And Their Impacts On Cardiovascular Health In Turkish Populations, Pelin L. Özoğlu

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, including in Türkiye. One key factor influencing CVD prevention is dietary patterns, which directly impacts cardiovascular health. Türkiye traditionally follows the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), which is acclaimed for its cardiovascular benefits. Despite this, Türkiye continues to experience high rates of CVD, with projections indicating that CVD mortality will double for both men and women by 2030. It is crucial to address diet-related factors, including potential nutritional deficiencies, to reduce cardiovascular health risks.

This research aims to analyze the Turkish community's adherence to the Mediterranean diet to understand why CVD prevalence …

Utilizing Probiotics To Reduce Diet Induced Dysbiosis And Inflammation In Myelodysplastic Syndromes Susceptible Mice, Tejaswee Bolloju

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Human gut microbiota is helpful in digestion by helping in breaking complex carbohydrates, proteins, fats and fibers and many other physiological functions. The Western diet which is high in fat and carbo hydrate percentage alters gut microbiota and leads to growth of pathogenic bacteria and altered gut flora referred to as dysbiosis, which in turn cause gut inflammation and increased permeability of gut and it causes translocation of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) which causes low grade systemic inflammation. Disturbance in gut microbiota correlated with metabolic conditions like obesity and leads to progression of hematologic diseases like Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). Myelodysplastic syndromes are …

Comparative Analysis Of Lipid Accumulation And Antioxidant Responses In Masld And Control Ipsc-Heps, Anna Werts

CMC Senior Theses

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent liver condition characterized by lipid accumulation and associated inflammation, driven by genetic, environmental, and metabolic factors. Much is still unknown about the mechanisms of the disease, and research on this is important for advancing effective treatments. This study investigated lipid accumulation and oxidative stress responses to varying concentrations of oleic acid (OA) and palmitic acid (PA) in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iPSC-Heps) from MASLD and healthy donors. BODIPY staining revealed that MASLD iPSC-Heps exhibit significantly higher lipid accumulation than controls, especially under prolonged OA and PA exposure. Additionally, PLIN2 expression …

Fabrication Of Palladium Decorated Zinc Oxide Nanostructures For Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing, Reagan Aviha, Anju Joshi, Gymama Slaughter

Center for Bioelectronics Publications

The growing global burden of diabetes necessitates the development of glucose sensors that are not only reliable and sensitive but also cost-effective and amenable to point-of-care use. In this work, we report a non-enzymatic electrochemical glucose sensor based on laser-induced graphene (LIG), functionalized with zinc oxide (ZnO) and palladium (Pd) nanostructures. The ZnO nanostructures were systematically optimized on the LIG surface by varying electrochemical deposition parameters, including applied potential, temperature, and deposition time, to enhance the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline medium. Subsequent modification with Pd nanostructures further improved the electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity of the sensor. The performance …

Milk-Alkali Syndrome In Pregnancy: The Hidden Risk Of Over-The-Counter Calcium Supplementation, Lilly Mcincrow, Anna Bryce Tucker, Samantha Perez, Nanette Woodward, Anthony B. Royek

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Cerebral Or Renal? Cerebral Salt Wasting In The Absence Of Cerebral Disease, Arthika Sakthevel, Nathan Shekey, Ramalakshmi Santhanam, Mohamed Faris

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Metformin-Associated Lactic Acidosis: A Case Report, Evelyn Ogbomoh, Karissa Charles, Devi Mahadeo, Sarah Puim

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

A Common Presentation For An Uncommon Diagnosis: Case Report Of Rare Hyperinsulinemia Hypoglycemia, Minh Nguyen, Reggie Skains, Peter Montesano

South Atlantic Division GME Research Day 2025

No abstract provided.

Cultural Influences, Experiences And Interventions Targeting Self-Management Behaviours For Prediabetes Or Type 2 Diabetes In First-Generation Immigrants: A Scoping Review, Min Zhang, Kirsten Coppell, Johnny Lo, Lisa Whitehead

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aim: To map the existing evidence and identify research gaps regarding the self-management of prediabetes or type 2 diabetes among first-generation immigrants ≥ 18 years. Design: A scoping review followed the JBI guidelines and was in accordance with the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Methods: A systematic search of CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ProQuest, SCOPUS and the Web of Science was conducted. Grey literature and reference lists of included studies were searched for additional citations. Articles published in English from the database inception to February 2023 were included. Results: We included 96 studies, of which 28.1% were published within …

Exploring The Association Between Sarcopenic Obesity And Cardiovascular Risk: A Summary Of Findings From Longitudinal Studies And Potential Mechanisms, Zhongyang Guan, Blossom C.M. Stephan, Lorenzo Maria Donini, Carla M. Prado, Marc Sim, Mario Siervo

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

It is estimated that more than one-tenth of adults aged ≥60 years are now classified as having sarcopenic obesity (SO), a clinical condition characterized by the concurrent presence of sarcopenia (low muscle mass and weakness) and obesity (excessive fat mass). Independently, sarcopenia and obesity are associated with a high risk of numerous adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and neurological conditions (e.g. dementia), but SO may confer a greater risk, exceeding either condition alone. This imposes a substantial burden on individuals, healthcare systems and society. In recent years, an increasing number of observational studies have explored the association between …

Infant Diet Recommendations Reduce Ige-Mediated Egg, Peanut, And Cow's Milk Allergies, Summer V.M. Walker, Nina D'Vaz, Rachelle A. Pretorius, Johnny Lo, Claus Christophersen, Susan L. Prescott, Debra J. Palmer

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials have found that introducing eggs and peanuts earlier during infancy reduced egg and peanut allergy risk. Hence, infant feeding advice has dramatically changed from previous recommendations of avoidance to current recommendations of inclusion of common food allergens in infant diets. Objective: To compare the prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies at 1 year of age between 2 cohorts, before and after infant feeding and allergy prevention guidelines changed. Methods: In cohort 1 (506 infants born 2006-2014), no infant feeding advice was provided to participants. In cohort 2 (566 infants born 2016-2022), when the infants were …

Nutritional Management Of Low Birth Weight And Preterm Infants In Low- And Low Middle-Income Countries, Maha Azhar, Rahima Yasin, Sawera Hanif, Sharib Afzal Bughio, Jai K. Das, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Institute for Global Health and Development

Introduction: Preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality compared with their term counterparts, with more than 20 million LBW infants born each year, the majority in lower middle-income countries (LMICs). Given the increased vulnerability and higher nutritional needs of these infants, optimizing feeding strategies may play a crucial role in improving their health outcomes.
Methods: We updated evidence of Every Newborn Series published in The Lancet 2014 by identifying relevant systematic reviews, extracting low-income country (LIC) and LMIC data, and conducting revised meta-analysis for these contexts.
Results: We found 15 reviews; …

Women’S Health In Rural American Communities, Leandra Moukoudi Ndoko, Stephanie Zeszutek Do, Renee Reijo Pera Phd

Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine (Great Falls) Publications and Research

Limited data have been published on the status of women’s health in rural areas, particularly pertaining to women of color and rural women in the United States. The aim of this review is to briefly describe the trends in women’s health in rural areas, the factors contributing to poor health outcomes and potential ways to focus improvements most effectively. To provide this overview, approximately 310 articles were screened by full text on the database PubMed. Of these, 27 articles are described in more detail in this piece. Data focus on women’s health in the United States and include information bulletin …

Association Of Non-Communicable Diseases With Severe Covid-19 Among People Living With And Without Diagnosed Hiv/Aids In New York State, Ravi Kumar Balu

Electronic Theses & Dissertations (2024 - present)

Background: People living with diagnosed HIV (PLWDH) have a higher chance of co-infections and co-morbidities than the general population. When SARS-CoV-2 was first reported in China in December 2019 and later declared a pandemic, it was speculated that PLWDH might be more prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe disease outcomes given their increased vulnerability to other respiratory infections like influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia and tuberculosis. However, several facets of COVID-19 disease in PLWDH are incompletely understood, including whether non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are strong risk factors for severe disease outcomes and death as they are in the general population.

Methods: The data …