Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications Commons^™

Syphilis And Hiv Co-Infection Risk Factors At Dr. Moewardi Hospital, 2018–2022: A Retrospective Study, Endra Yustin Ellistasari, Prasetyadi Mawardi, Pratiwi Prasetya Primisawitri, Stella Gracia Octarica

Journal of General - Procedural Dermatology and Venereology Indonesia

Background: Treponema pallidum, the agent causing syphilis, is transmitted through contact with infectious lesions, bodily fluids, blood transfusions, or perinatally. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can mask the clinical manifestations of syphilis, while syphilis may exacerbate HIV progression. This study aimed to analyze risk factors associated with HIV co-infection among patients with syphilis.

Methods: This retrospective, analytical, observational study reviewed medical records from the Dermatology and Venereology outpatient clinic at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia, between January 2018 and December 2022. Demographic, behavioral, and clinical variables were extracted. Univariable analysis was performed using simple binary logistic regression to …

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease: A Narrative Review Of Disparities Between Black And White Women In The United States And Strategies For Improvement, Lynne Li, Jessica Schlewitt

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) is an inflammatory syndrome of the upper female reproductive organs caused by infection, most commonly via Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis, spreading to one or more reproductive organs. With PID responsible for many of the major morbidities of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain, the urgency is high to mitigate the impacts of untreated PID, especially in higher-risk populations. This paper discusses the current disparities in PID diagnosis, treatment, and management between Black and white women and proposes interventions to reduce health inequalities involving PID. To conduct this narrative review, …

Prevalence And Spectrum Of Genitourinary Anomalies In Children With Anorectal Malformations, Adnan El-Ghazaly, Tamer A. Wafa, Ahmed M. Negm, Adham W. El-Saied

Mansoura Medical Journal

Background: Anorectal malformations (ARMs) encompass a broad range of congenital defects and are frequently associated with genitourinary (GU) anomalies, which may contribute to long-term morbidity if undetected. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and spectrum of GU anomalies in children with ARMs, describe the urological and genital findings, and assess associations with sex and ARM type.

Patients and Methods: A prospective survey enrolled children diagnosed with ARMs at a tertiary pediatric surgery center. All patients underwent standardized clinical assessment, including focused genital examination and structured imaging. Abdominal ultrasonography (US) served as baseline screening for urinary tract anomalies. Voiding cystourethrogram …

Compelled Contraception, Lars Noah

West Virginia Law Review

Can the federal government insist that people use contraceptives? It may come as a surprise to learn that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has done just that as a condition for allowing access to some pharmaceutical products that create a serious risk of birth defects. Over the last few decades, the agency has demanded that patients using certain teratogenic agents—now numbering over a dozen drugs prescribed for a variety of conditions, ranging from severe acne and psoriasis to multiple myeloma and pulmonary hypertension—agree to avoid becoming pregnant, sometimes for years after completing their course of treatment. Undoubtedly the …

Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice Towards Cervical Cancer Screening Among Women Aged 20 Years And Above In Mysuru, India, Sneha Manosh Kumar, Rashmi S, Amogha Shree

Digital Journal of Clinical Medicine

Background: Cervical cancer remains the fourth most common cancer among women globally and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in India. Despite being largely preventable through screening, uptake remains suboptimal due to socio-cultural and systemic barriers.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women aged ≥20 years residing in urban and rural areas of Mysuru. Data were collected using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS version 30.

Results: Awareness of cervical cancer was reported by 90% of participants and of screening methods by 80%. However, only 21% had ever undergone screening and 17% within the preceding …

Drive Time Analysis Of New Gynecologic Oncology Patients At West Virginia University, Kassandra Whitfield, Ariel Cohen, Krista Pfaendler, Kristy Ward

Journal of Appalachian Health

Introduction: West Virginia is a rural mountain state; access to medical care, especially specialty care, can be difficult for patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the geographic status and transportation times of new gynecologic oncology patients.

Methods: Home zip codes for new patient gynecologic oncology patients were analyzed for drive times to the cancer center. Zip codes of oncology providers in the state were compared to the location of patients.

Results: A total of 1,097 new gynecologic oncology patients lived within a 240-minute drive of MBRCC; nearly half (48.9%) of them drove greater than 60 minutes. …

Blood Tnf-Α And Gabra-1 Levels In Individuals With Poor Ovarian Response Underwent In Vitro Fertilization Program, Gadsara Ruangprachum, Paweena Thuwanut, Wisan Sereepapong, Vorasuk Shotelersuk, Siraprapa Tongkobpetch, Porntip Sirayapiwat

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Poor ovarian response (POR) to ovarian stimulation during in vitro fertilization (IVF) program remains a critical issue contributing to decreased ovarian reserve and cancellation of IVF cycles. Nevertheless, the complete etiology of PRO condition remains inadequately understood.

Objectives: This research primarily aimed to compare levels of blood pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) and apoptotic marker (GABRA-1) between those exhibiting normal ovarian response (NOR) and those with poor ovarian response during IVF program.

Methods: A cross-sectional study involving whole blood collection from 25 participants was conducted (15 individuals in NOR group and 10 in POR group). Relative gene expression levels of blood …

Plasma Cell-Rich Lymphoid Neoplasm In An Endocervical Polyp Of The Uterine Cervix In A Perimenopausal 52-Year-Old Woman, Anjali Patel, Jacqueline Haas, Angela Kueck

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

The adaptive immune system consists of T and B lymphocytes, with some B lymphocytes further differentiating into plasma cells that secrete antibodies and make up the humoral immune system. Extramedullary plasmacytoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and plasmablastic lymphoma are all plasma cell-rich lymphoid neoplasms that rarely present in the female genital tract. To date, few case reports of these malignancies arising within the uterine cervix exist.

Case Presentation

This case report describes a 52-year-old perimenopausal woman who presented to her primary obstetrician-gynecologist for an annual exam with the complaint of light spotting following an endometrial ablation that occurred …

Sustained Supraventricular Tachycardia While In Active Phase Labor, Austin Gold, Mona Sadek

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is one of the most common tachyarrhythmias found in young women, and SVT can be exacerbated by pregnancy. The symptoms associated with SVT frequently overlap with physiologic changes and symptoms of pregnancy which can lead to delayed or missed diagnosis.

Case Presentation

We describe the presentation and the acute management of a patient who had sustained SVT that developed during the active phase of labor. We then detail the varying management approaches of SVT in pregnancy and labor as well as refractory management options. Maternal monitoring will also be discussed as this case shows how an …

Reproductive Autonomy In Immunological Intervention: Ethical Boundaries In Maternal-Fetal Immune Therapy, Marium Z. Rizvi

Journal of Health Ethics

Recent advances in immunology have broken barriers in reproductive medicine through immune-modulating therapies that support fertility and pregnancy. Treatments such as intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and intralipid infusions are increasingly offered to patients with Recurrent Implantation Failure (RIF) or Recurrent Pregnancy Loss (RPL), conditions that result in miscarriages and failed IVF treatments (Pillarysetti et al., 2023). Maternal-fetal immunology reveals a delicate interplay between immune tolerance and defense: the maternal system must accept a genetically foreign fetus while preserving immunological protection. Disruptions in this balance are implicated in implantation disorders and pregnancy failure. As a result, immune-based therapies have emerged as promising …

Trace Out The Improvement Level And Awareness Of Polycyctic Ovary Syndrome (Pcos) Among General People And Educational Institute Of Developed And Developing Countries, Muhammad Rizwan, Maryam Mushtaq, Asif Bilal, Tabassum Nawaz, Kashif Riaz, Maria Hussain, Mirza Fahad Baig, Saira Ashfaq, Ayesha Mushtaq, Umair Riaz, Mariya Basharat

Journal of Bioresource Management

One of the most prevalent hormonal problems which affect women is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It consists of several fundamentals, including reproductive, metabolic, and cardiovascular ones, and has effects on the patient's health throughout the duration of their life. Limited data is available on PCOS in developing countries like Pakistan. The aim of our study is to trace out the prevalence of PCOS in developed countries like America and China as well as developing countries like Pakistan. The study was done in the above mention developed and developing countries through the interviews of people by online questionnaire. This survey research …

The Use And Effectiveness Of Diet And Physical Activity As Interventions For Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. A Review., Caroline C. Jones, Jinkyung Park

The Corinthian

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that is common among women who are of reproductive age, most commonly in ages between 15 and 44 years of age (Moran et al., 2010). While the exact cause of PCOS is unknown, it is widely believed by many experts that genetic factors including excess levels of insulin and excess androgen are attributing factors (Moran et al., 2010) . Women with PCOS experience several different signs and symptoms including; infrequent or prolonged menstrual periods leading to infertility and the development of cysts (Iatrakis et al., 2006). Some other common symptoms of PCOS …

The Effects Of Night Shift Work On Heart, Gut, And Reproductive Health, A Systematic Review, Courtney Grayson, Preeti Oza

Pacific Journal of Health

Night shift work, a commonplace in today’s society, creates a variety of health-related challenges for individuals who participate in it. Often, the only adverse health effects discussed in relation to night shift work are sleep dysfunction and mental health issues. This systematic review examined the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and fertility health effects that plague individuals working night shift. The goal of this work is to illuminate these lesser known, but equally important, health effects in an effort to bring awareness to the issues. By educating night shift workers and health care providers of the acute risks associated with this type of …

A Case Of A Retroperitoneal Leiomyoma During Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, Bruce Lee, Mohamad Mahmoud

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

Retroperitoneal leiomyomas are rare clinical entities and poses clinical and therapeutic challenges to the benign gynecologist. We present the case of a 51 year-old gravida 2 para 2 with symptomatic leiomyomas undergoing definitive surgical management with total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Intraoperatively, a retroperitoneal mass in the pelvic side was identified, excised, and removed from the abdominal cavity without complications. Final pathology confirmed a leiomyoma.

The Silence Of Mitotic Figures, Hope K. Haefner Md

Patient Experience Journal

A career in medicine is guided by the patients you treat and those who have taught you to treat these individuals. Communication is of utmost importance in all aspects of healthcare. However, there are times when communication can be difficult. This story takes you through a physician’s experience that led to a career in women’s healthcare, reflecting on the silence that prevailed as her journey began.

Experience Framework

This article is associated with the Staff & Provider Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://theberylinstitute.org/experience-framework/).

• Access other PXJ articles related to this lens.
• Access other resources related …

The Impact Of Oral Health On Low-Income Pregnant Women Living In The United States, Jill Diss, Olivia Ward

Virginia Journal of Public Health

Abstract

Introduction: Oral health has a significant impact on pregnancy outcomes. Interprofessional collaboration can assist in bridging the gap between oral and systemic health and assist in optimizing the health of low-income pregnant women, infants, and children.

Methods: A literature review was used to ascertain the impact of oral health on adverse pregnancy outcomes. Research sources used in this literature review were gathered from the U.S. National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health, PubMed, The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Elsevier, Department of Medical Assistance Services (DMAS), the Office of the Surgeon General, and Google …

Re-Joining Formal Schooling After A Postpartum Hiatus: Experiences Of Teenage Mothers Of Zanzibar, Elliott P. Niboye

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The lack of nuanced understanding of how teens undertake their triple roles as mothers, parents and student is prevalent in Tanzania. This article highlights the plight of teenage mothers who are readmitted back to formal schooling in Zanzibar. Four objectives guided this study. The first was to determine the age at which most teenage girls fall pregnant,; second, how long do teen mothers take to return to school after delivery; third, the challenges that teenage mothers encounters when they re-join schooling; and lastly, the coping strategies used by teen mothers to overcome challenges encountered after re joining school. Public rapid …

"When They See Someone Who Is Poor, They Step On Them": The Social Determinants Of Health Among Survivors Of Sex Trafficking In Cambodia, James P. Havey, Glenn M. Miles, Lim Vanntheary, Nhanh Channtha, Hanni Stoklosa

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

Social determinants of health (SDH) are defined as the non-medical yet health-affecting conditions of a person’s life. They include such considerations as working conditions, discrimination, and access to health services. The aim of this study was to explore the SDH impacting those who have survived sex trafficking in Cambodia. This study employed a mixed methods, secondary analysis, focusing on 52 survivors of sex trafficking in the Butterfly Longitudinal Research Project from 2010 through 2019. Participants described myriad social determinants of health, including: gender, age, relationship status (marriage), ethnicity, national identification documentation (statelessness), social class, formal education, vocational training, occupation, and …

Covid-19 Deliveries: Maternal Features And Neonatal Outcomes, Viviana Zlochiver, Blair Tilkens, Ana Cristina Perez Moreno, Fatima Aziz, M. Fuad Jan

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Integrated, data-driven criteria are necessary to evaluate delivery outcomes in pregnancies affected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. This study analyzed maternal demographics, clinical characteristics, treatments, and delivery outcomes of 85 ethnically diverse, adult pregnant women who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 at the time of delivery. Median maternal and gestational ages were 27 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 23–31) and 39 weeks (IQR: 37.3–40.0), respectively. Of the 85 SARS-CoV-2–positive participants, 67 (79%) had no COVID-19 symptoms at the time of routine COVID-19 admission testing, 14 (16%) reported mild COVID-19 symptoms, and 4 (5%) presented …

Does Exercise Prevent Gestational Diabetes Mellitus In Pregnant Women? A Clin-Iq, Olivia Lust, Tana Chongsuwat, Elizabeth Lanham, Ann F. Chou, Elizabeth Wickersham

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Excessive weight gain during pregnancy has been on the rise globally, leading to increased prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A diagnosis of GDM often leads to pregnancy and infant-related complications. Regular exercise may have the potential to prevent GDM. However, evidence surrounding the utility of exercise during pregnancy as an effective risk reduction intervention has been mixed. This clinical inquiry examined the role of regular exercise during pregnancy in preventing GDM in both obese and normal-weight women and analyzed specific aspects of exercise that make it an effective preventive measure. The review of evidence included 3 meta-analyses, 3 systematic …

Beyond The Skin: A Case Report Of Vaginal Melanoma, Brittany Gilbert, Wm Tanner Gilbert, Ardeshir Hakam, Lynne J. Goebel

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Mucosal melanomas are rare, accounting for only 1.4% of all melanomas. Only 18% of mucosal melanomas are vulvovaginal in origin, making it exceedingly rare. Mucosal melanomas typically carry a worse prognosis than those arising from cutaneous sites with a higher risk of recurrence and disseminated disease. We report a rare case of vaginal melanoma presenting as postmenopausal bleeding and discuss management of this disease.

Validation Of An Endometrial Tumor Diameter Model For Risk Assessment In The Absence Of Lymph Node Mapping, Mckayla J. Riggs, Callie M. Cox Bauer, Caela R. Miller, James K. Aden, Scott A. Kamelle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the optimal tumor diameter for predicting lymphatic metastasis and to determine intraoperatively the need for lymph node dissection in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer.

Methods: Military beneficiaries diagnosed with stage I–III endometrioid endometrial cancer during 2003–2016 who had at least 7 pelvic and/or paraaortic lymph nodes removed during the time of hysterectomy were studied. Tumor diameter was compared against the presence of positive nodes, using the prior models of 20 mm (ie, Mayo model) and 50 mm (ie, Milwaukee model), to determine the false-negative rate of each threshold. A separate analysis was completed to …

Reducing Overtreatment Of Urinalysis In Obstetric Triage Patients, Emelia Winston, Rachel Marteney, Erin Casey, Kevin Conway

Marshall Journal of Medicine

Introduction

Overtreatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is a major issue that has been coming to the forefront in recent decades. Studies have shown that it can lead to adverse side effects, extra costs, and antimicrobial resistance. The purpose of this study was to determine the number of patients presenting to obstetric triage who were overtreated for a urinalysis (UA) and to see if an educational intervention could reduce the incidence of overtreatment for suspected ASB.

Methods

This was a retrospective chart review analyzing UA results and outcomes of OB triage patients that came through labor and delivery before and after …

Shanti's "The Recovery Mama Guide To Your Eating Disorder Recovery In Pregnancy And Postpartum" (Book Review), Elizabeth A. Nolan

The Christian Librarian

No abstract provided.

Can Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Pathologic Findings For Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer?, Elizabeth L. Dickson Michelson, Jessica J. F. Kram, Kayla Heslin, David Baugh, Vikram Bamra, Jiahao Hu, Abhishek Shukla, Scott A. Kamelle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility of precisely measuring tumor diameter and myometrial invasion in patients with endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) using preoperative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Adult patients with confirmed diagnosis of complex hyperplasia with atypia or EEC were included. Three radiologists separately measured tumor diameter and myometrial invasion. Basic descriptive statistics were used to describe patient characteristics and to compare radiology- and pathology-measured tumor diameter and myometrial invasion. Using the pathology results for tumor diameter as the gold standard for comparison, at least 1 radiologist was able to predict largest tumor diameter within 5 mm …

Prevention Of Cytomegalovirus Lntection In Pregnant Mothers And Neonates, Aisha Oliver, Taylor Gauthier, Breanne Rizzo, Alison Huet, Natalie Dipietro

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common virus spread in utero from mother to fetus, leading to more long-term problems and childhood deaths than other conditions such as Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome, pediatric HIV/AIDS, or neural tube defects. The majority of congenital CMV infections are primary infections in which the mother acquires the infection during pregnancy. Current treatment options for CMV infection are available, but there is limited data on safety and effectiveness in pregnant mothers and neonates. Prevention by screening for CMV is associated with a high cost, and vaccines are currently unavailable. Studies show that education and …

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome And Hyperinsulinemia: Overview And Treatment, Amanda M. Meyer, Lauren D. Bajbus, Sarah E. Drake, Kristen M. Quertinmont, Ashley Overy, Anne Gentry

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Polycystic ovary syndrome is a prevalent issue in women's health that is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance and can lead to long-term health problems. The most highly recommended treatments are diet and lifestyle changes. If these changes alone are not enough, pharmacologic treatments may be employed which include metformin, spironolactone or thiazolidinediones, although more research is needed to fully realize their role. The role of the pharmacist in this disease state includes counseling patients on healthy lifestyle changes, consulting with the physician about prescribing the best medication for each patient, and monitoring therapy adherence in the patient.

Addressing Postpartum Smoking Relapse Among Low-Income Women: A Randomized Control Trial, Kristine Alaniz, Bruce Christiansen, Tingting Sullivan, Lisette Khalil, Michael C. Fiore

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Smoking during pregnancy can have dire consequences for both the baby and mother. Low-income pregnant women smoke at particularly high rates. Among women who quit during pregnancy, postpartum relapse is high. This randomized control trial tested the effect of adding postpartum assistance to an existing smoking cessation program (First Breath) designed for low-income women.

Methods: Of 185 study participants, 94 women were randomly assigned to the standard First Breath program (control) and 91 to an enhanced program. First Breath consisted of evidence-based smoking cessation counseling provided at every prenatal visit. The enhanced program included all First Breath services plus …

Endometriosis: The Etiology And Recommended Treatment, Amanda Lovell, Kasie Bellmann, Kelsey Fink, Jessica Beck, Michelle Musser

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition that occurs in women between the ages of 15 and 49 years, in which endometrial cells grow outside the uterus. Normally, endometrial cells form the endometrium and respond to hormones throughout the menstrual cycle, but when endometrial cells are located outside the endometrium, painful bleeding and other side effects may occur. Treatment of endometriosis is usually symptomatic relief, including the use of oral contraceptives and other hormone replacement options, as well as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. To ensure that patients receive the appropriate treatment for this condition, pharmacists should be able to recognize the signs and …

An Update On Gestational Diabetes, Jamie L. Amero, Jennifer L. Bauer, Sarah M. Webb, Ryan A. Fischer, Lindsey A. Hallman, Sandra L. Hrometz

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Gestational diabetes is a concern for a large number of pregnant women due to the potential for long-term complications for both the mother and the fetus. With the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes in the general public, the number of pregnant women with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus has also increased. In order to adequately educate their patients, it is important for pharmacists to be aware of the general practices of treating gestational diabetes. This review will highlight recent updates to initial screening, the criteria for diagnosing gestational diabetes, and current management strategies.