Cardiovascular Diseases Commons^™

Drainage Of Pericardial Effusions: Percutaneous Or Surgical?, Albert Wai-Suen Leung, Ngai-Yin Chan, Leung-Sing Ho, Wai-Cho Yu

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

To review patients with pericardial drainage done for a period of 36 months, and to correlate the features with the choice of drainage mode.

Electrophysiologic Mechanism Of Conversion Of Atrial Fibrillation To Sinus Rhythm, Kazuo Moroe, Tadayuki Hiroki, Kei Miyoshi, Tetsushi Wakiyama

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

We investigated the validity of the circulating wavelet hypothesis as an explanation of the mechanism of termination of atrial fibrillation in 11 patients with atrial fibrillation.

Brachytherapy In The New Millennium Scientific Programme

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

No abstract provided.

The Rsph4a Gene In Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, Ron Nates, Mattan Arazi, Liza Grosman-Rimon, Roy Israel, Jacob Gohari, Leonid Sternik, Erez Kachel

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

INTRODUCTION: There is no consensus as to which patients should undergo Non-Contrast Chest Computerized Tomography (NCCCT) and carotid arteries Doppler (CD) prior to cardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to examine whether preoperative imaging modalities provide clinical benefits and a change in surgical strategy.

METHODS: We routinely performed NCCCT and CD in all non-urgent cardiac surgery patients. Major NCCCT/CD findings related to cardiovascular findings (aortic calcification/atherosclerosis, carotid artery plaque/stenosis), or other incidental findings (lung kidney, thyroid, adrenal, gastrointestinal sites etc.) were documented. The results were divided into 3 categories: (A) findings requiring both changes in surgical strategy and …

Sirpα Mediates Igf1 Receptor In Cardiomyopathy-Induced By Chronic Kidney Disease, Sandhya S Thomas, Jiao Wu, Giovanni Davogustto, Michael W Holliday, Kristin Eckel-Mahan, Daniela Verzola, Giacomo Garibotto, Zhaoyong Hu, William E Mitch, Heinrich Taegtmeyer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increased myocardial mass despite near-normal blood pressure, suggesting the presence of a separate trigger. A potential driver is SIRPα (signal regulatory protein alpha)-a mediator impairing insulin signaling. The objective of this study is to assess the role of circulating SIRPα in CKD-induced adverse cardiac remodeling.

METHODS: SIRPα expression was evaluated in mouse models and patients with CKD. Specifically, mutant, muscle-specific, or cardiac muscle-specific SIRPα KO (knockout) mice were examined after subtotal nephrectomy. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography. Metabolic responses were confirmed in cultured muscle cells or cardiomyocytes.

RESULTS: We demonstrate that …

Association Of U.S. Birth, Duration Of Residence In The U.S., And Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Among Asian Adults, Mahmoud Al Rifai, Sina Kianoush, Vardhmaan Jain, Parag H. Joshi, Miguel Cainzos-Achirica, Khurram Nasir, Anwar T. Merchant, Sunita Dodani, Zainab Samad, Salim S. Virani

Section of Cardiology

Introduction: Prior studies have shown a direct association between U.S. birth and duration of residence with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) though, few have specifically focused on Asian Americans.
Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2006 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey. We compared prevalent cardiovascular risk factors and ASCVD among Asian American individuals by U.S. birth and duration of time spent in the U.S.
Results: The study sample consisted of 18,150 Asian individuals of whom 20.5 % were Asian Indian, 20.5 % were Chinese, 23.4 % were Filipino, and 35.6 % were of other Asian ethnic groups. The mean …

Tuberculous Pericarditis, Chun Kit Wong, Yeuk Chi Choi

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Tuberculous (TB) pericarditis, a severe extrapulmonary manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is notorious for its challenging presentation. We report a case of effusive-constrictive pericarditis due to tuberculosis infection.

Right Atrial Mass With Inflow Obstruction In A Patient With Igg4-Related Disease, Shek Joyce, Wu Lok Yi, Wong Chun Kit, Lu Jianlin, Lam Wai Lung William, Mak Wai Man Vivien, Chan Ngai Yin

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Cardiac tumour is a rare cause of heart failure. We report a case of right atrial mass found in a patient with known immunoglobulinG4-related disease (IgG4-RD), who presented with right heart failure, renal impairment and thrombocytopenia. Multimodal investigations were performed to reach the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with cardiac involvement. Chemotherapy was initiated in an attempt for disease control. We highlight the potential link between IgG4-related disease and lymphoma.

Cardiac Involvement Related To Covid-19 Infection And Vaccination In Children And Adolescents – Hong Kong’S Perspective, Sabrina Tsao, Gilbert T. Chua, Mike Yw Kwan, Ian Chi Kei Wong, Kelvin Kai Wang To, Janette Kwok, Bill H Chan, Joshua Sung Chih Wong, Patrick Ip, Yu Lung Lau

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Myocarditis and Pericarditis have many virological and immunological causes. This article described the SARS-CoV involvement to the heart in children and adolescents, also the entity Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C), a rare but severe consequence of SARS-CoV2 infection. Hong Kong case definition of MIS-C was listed. The consensus from overseas experts was that MIS-C should be managed by multidisciplinary team with a structured long-term follow-up to monitor the functioning of various organs and ascertain the prognosis. The side effect mRNA vaccination causing myocarditis and pericarditis is also concern of paediatricians worldwide. Hong Kong published local epidemiology of acute myocarditis …

The Utility Of Has-Bled Score In Predicting The Bleeding Risk Of Atrial Fibrillation Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Receiving Anticoagulation And Dual Anti-Platelet Therapy: A Single Center Retrospective Cohort Study, Luk Yin Cheung Adrian, Chan Chi Lin Jaclyn

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background The Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly and Drugs/alcohol (HAS-BLED) score is a validated bleeding risk prediction tool in patients with atrial fibrillation taking oral anticoagulation. Its predictive value in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention receiving combination of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy is unknown. This retrospective cohort study sought to validate the accuracy of HAS-BLED score in predicting the bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention receiving both anticoagulation and dual antiplatelet therapy. Method We calculated HAS-BLED score in 186 patients with AF …

Prognostic Nutritional Index As A Predictor Of Prognosis In Patients With Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia Who Underwent Endovascular Revascularization Therapy, Wai Kin Chi, Gm Tan, Bryan Py Yan

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) have poor prognosis. Prognostic nutritional index (PNI) is an established independent predictor of adverse outcome in various chronic illnesses. The use of PNI in patients with CLTI has not been studied.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of PNI on 12-month adverse cardiovascular and limb outcomes in CLTI patients after endovascular revascularization therapy (ERT).

METHODS: 270 consecutive patients with CLTI (mean age 73.7±11.9 years; 53% male) who underwent ERT at a single tertiary referral hospital between January 2009 and October 2016 were prospectively enrolled and analyzed. Patients were grouped by tertiles of PNI (lowest …

Usefulness Of Computed Tomography Parameters In Predicting The Clinical Outcomes Of Acute Aortic Dissection, Eleanor Wei Sze Lee, Kwok Hin Yiu, Willis Chun Wai Lam, Cyrus Yiu Kwan Ko, Sung Yee Wong, Kin Wing Chan

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background

Acute aortic dissection is a potentially life-threatening condition among patients presenting with chest pain to emergency department. Without a prompt diagnosis and treatment, it carries high mortality and morbidity. Computed tomography (CT) of thorax and abdomen is one of the commonly used non-invasive investigation modalities for diagnosis of acute aortic dissection. Apart from making a diagnosis, there are a number of parameters in the CT images that may be helpful in providing prognostic information. In this study, prognostic values of these parameters in predicting both short term and intermediate term clinical outcomes of acute aortic dissection will be evaluated. …

Effect Of Low Body Mass Index In Outcome Of Micra Leadless Pacemaker Implantation, Mark Tsz Kin Tam, Anna Kin Yin Chan, Alex Chi Kin Au, Lily Cheung, Gary Chin Pang Chan, Joseph Yat Sun Chan

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

Background

Implantation of Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) requires introduction of a large caliber delivery catheter into patient’s venous system and right heart. While the investigational device exemption study population had a mean body mass index (BMI) of 27.6kg/m2, implantation outcome in patients with small body size requires further investigation. This study sort to evaluate the effect of low BMI in outcome of Micra TPS implantation Method

Consecutive patients undergoing Micra TPS implantation between 19 September 2015 and 24 May 2018 in a single tertiary referral center were studied. Procedure efficacy outcome was defined as successful implantation with threshold being …

The Risk Is Small: Implant Complications Of Leadless Pacemakers Are Related To Body Size, Chu-Pak Lau

Journal of the Hong Kong College of Cardiology

No abstract provided.

Is Home Blood Pressure Monitoring Effective At Controlling Hypertension In African American Patients? A Clin-Iq, Rebecca Nye, Wilhelm Lehmann, Deborah Simpson

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

African Americans are disproportionately affected by hypertension, a modifiable contributor to multiple chronic diseases and premature death. Primary care physicians play an important role in hypertension control. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) is an evidence-based method for confirming diagnosis and monitoring hypertension over time. Some studies have found that HBPM may lead to clinically relevant reductions in blood pressure when combined with additional interventions, but few studies have focused specifically on African American populations. Evidence of effectiveness could increase clinical recommendation of HBPM. This clinical inquiry examined whether HBPM improves blood pressure control in African Americans with uncontrolled hypertension. Reviewed …

Editorial: Physiologic Signals In Neonatal Intensive Care, Eric W Reynolds

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

No abstract provided.

A Changing Epidemic And The Rise Of Opioid-Stimulant Co-Use, Saeed Ahmed, Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

No abstract provided.

Utility Of Av Nodal Characteristics In Identification Of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia And Risk Of Recurrence, Kimberly M. Decarr

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

Background: Catheter ablation of the slow atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathway is a safe and effective treatment for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). While AVNRT occurs frequently in both children and adults, pediatric patients experience higher rates of AVNRT recurrence.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize changes in AV nodal conduction properties following catheter ablation and correlate these properties with AVNRT recurrence in pediatric patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients aged(AVRT) at a single tertiary care center between January 01, 2010 and September 01, 2021. Demographics, pre- and post-ablation ECG intervals, and AV nodal conduction …

Global Think Tank On The Clinical Considerations And Management Of Lipoprotein(A): The Top Questions And Answers Regarding What Clinicians Need To Know, Salim S. Virani, Marlys L. Koschinsky, Lisa Maher, Anurag Mehta, Carl E. Orringer, Raul D. Santos, Michael D. Shapiro, Joseph J. Saseen

Office of the Provost

Evidence from Mendelian randomization studies suggest that lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) has a causal role in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. However, guidelines and consensus statement recommendations vary regarding how clinicians should incorporate Lp(a) into patient care. To provide practical answers to key questions pertaining to Lp(a) that clinicians will find useful when assessing and treating patients, a global think tank was convened. Representatives from seven national and international stakeholder organizations answered questions that were focused on: Lp(a) measurement; ethnic, gender, and age considerations; factoring Lp(a) into risk assessment; and current and emerging treatment options for elevated Lp(a). This manuscript …

Heart Transplant Recipient 1-Year Outcomes During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Gabriel Esmailian, Nikhil Patel, Jignesh K Patel, Lawrence Czer, Matthew Rafiei, Dominick Megna, Dominic Emerson, Danny Ramzy, Alfredo Trento, Joanna Chikwe, Fardad Esmailian, Jon A Kobashigawa

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic initially brought forth considerable challenges to the field of heart transplantation. To prevent the spread of the virus and protect immunocompromised recipients, our center made the following modifications to post-transplant outpatient management: eliminating early coronary angiograms, video visits for postoperative months 7, 9, and 11, and home blood draws for immunosuppression adjustments. To assess if these changes have impacted patient outcomes, the current study examines 1-year outcomes for patients transplanted during the pandemic. Between March and September 2020, we assessed 50 heart transplant patients transplanted during the pandemic. These patients were compared to patients who were transplanted …

Myocardial Scintigraphy In Diagnosing Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis, Marija Petrovic, Persio D Lopez, Calvin Eng, Mahjabeen Rashid

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Myocardial scintigraphy with technetium-99m pyrophosphate is a minimally invasive technique that can distinguish between transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) and light-chain amyloidosis. We present a case in which it helped determine the amyloidosis type in a 74-year-old man with cardiac amyloidosis and multiple previous admissions for acute decompensated heart failure. The patient presented with increasing abdominal girth and bilateral lower extremity edema. His medical history also included atrial fibrillation, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, stage 3 chronic kidney disease, and peripheral vascular disease. We prescribed guideline-directed medical therapy for his acute decompensated heart failure with cardiorenal syndrome and his decompensated cirrhosis. Two years previously, …

Papillary Fibroelastoma Incidentally Found On Left Atrial Wall During Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement, Qasim Al Abri, Lamees I El Nihum, M Mujeeb Zubair, Roberto Barrios, Michael J Reardon, Mahesh Ramchandani

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

A 60-year-old man was about to undergo minimally invasive aortic valve replacement when transesophageal echocardiography revealed an intracardiac mass on the left atrial free wall. Multimodal images from 5 months earlier had shown no mass. We converted the procedure to open surgery. The excised mass resembled a cardiac myxoma but was determined to be a papillary fibroelastoma. This case illustrates that papillary fibroelastomas can form and grow rapidly, warranting alertness for their unexpected discovery before and during cardiac surgical procedures.

Comparison Of Different Metrics Of Cerebral Autoregulation In Association With Major Morbidity And Mortality After Cardiac Surgery, Xiuyun Liu, Joseph Donnelly, Ken M Brady, Kei Akiyoshi, Brian Bush, Raymond C Koehler, Jennifer K Lee, Charles W Hogue, Marek Czosnyka, Peter Smielewski, Charles H Brown

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery studies have established the clinical relevance of personalised arterial blood pressure management based on cerebral autoregulation. However, variabilities exist in autoregulation evaluation. We compared the association of several cerebral autoregulation metrics, calculated using different methods, with outcomes after cardiac surgery.

METHODS: Autoregulation was measured during cardiac surgery in 240 patients. Mean flow index and cerebral oximetry index were calculated as Pearson's correlations between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and transcranial Doppler blood flow velocity or near-infrared spectroscopy signals. The lower limit of autoregulation and optimal mean arterial pressure were identified using mean flow index and cerebral oximetry index. …

Obscurin Regulates Ankyrin Macromolecular Complex Formation, Janani Subramaniam, Gokay Yamankurt, Shane R Cunha

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Obscurin is a large scaffolding protein in striated muscle that maintains sarcolemmal integrity and aligns the sarcoplasmic reticulum with the underlying contractile machinery. Ankyrins are a family of adaptor proteins with some isoforms that interact with obscurin. Previous studies have examined obscurin interacting with individual ankyrins. In this study, we demonstrate that two different ankyrins interact with obscurin's carboxyl terminus via independent ankyrin-binding domains (ABDs). Using in-vitro binding assays, co-precipitation assays, and FLIM-FRET analysis, we show that obscurin interacts with small ankyrin 1.5 (sAnk1.5) and the muscle-specific ankyrin-G isoform (AnkG107). While there is no direct interaction between sAnk1.5 and AnkG107, …

Prolonged Cardiac Nr4a2 Aactivation Causes Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Mice, Sadia Ashraf, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Romain Harmancey

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Transcription factors play a fundamental role in cardiovascular adaptation to stress. Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 2 (NR4A2; NURR1) is an immediate-early gene and transcription factor with a versatile role throughout many organs. In the adult mammalian heart, and particularly in cardiac myocytes, NR4A2 is strongly up-regulated in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation. The physiologic implications of this increase remain unknown. In this study, we aimed to interrogate the consequences of cardiac NR4A2 up-regulation under normal conditions and in response to pressure overload. In mice, tamoxifen-dependent, cardiomyocyte-restricted overexpression of NR4A2 led to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, left ventricular dilation, heart failure, …

Cardiovascular Disease Awareness Program On Risk Factors For Cardiovascular Disease Among Adolescents In Selected Schools, In New Delhi, Komal Kumari

Manipal Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of mortality worldwide. The main risk factors include tobacco chewing/smoking, higher blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, obesity, excessive alcohol use, age, sex, and heredity. Although CVDs commonly develop in middle age or later, risk factors are highly impacted by childhood practices that are continued into maturity. Knowledge gaps on CVD and its risk factors are major obstacles to effective prevention and treatment. Hence, a CVD awareness program was organized in order to educate adolescents about CVD and its risk factors. Objective: The objectives of the study were to identify students’ …

Thrombotic Left Main Coronary Artery Occlusion Treated With Bioresorbable Scaffold, Santiago Jesús Camacho Freire, Antonio Enrique Gómez Menchero, Jessica Roa Garrido, Marcos López Rojas, Rosa Cardenal Piris, José Francisco Díaz Fernández

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Decongestion Models And Metrics In Acute Heart Failure: Escape Data In The Age Of The Implantable Cardiac Pressure Monitor, David Paniagua, Glenn N Levine, Lorraine D Cornwell, Ernesto Jimenez, Biswajit Kar, Hani Jneid, Ali E Denktas, Tony S Ma

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

The United States Food and Drug Administration restricts the use of implantable cardiac pressure monitors to patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III heart failure (HF). We investigated whether single-pressure monitoring could predict survival in HF patients as part of a model constructed using data from the ESCAPE (Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness) trial.

We validated survival models in 204 patients, using all-cause 180-day mortality. Two levels of model complexity were tested: 1) a simplified 1-pressure model based on pulmonary artery mean pressure ([PAM]1P) (information obtainable from an implanted intracardiac monitor alone), …

Mitral Regurgitation And Serum N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide Levels In Children: A Modification Of Adult Criteria, Elif Erolu, Figen Akalin

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Mitral regurgitation can result from congenital heart disease, rheumatic valve disease, or other congenital malformations of the mitral valve. Faulty valves require surgical repair or replacement. However, echocardiographic and biochemical parameters that inform surgical decision-making for adults may not be appropriate for children. To investigate whether adult parameters can be used in children, we correlated echocardiographic parameters with serum N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels in children with chronic mitral regurgitation.

Our sample comprised 45 patients and 38 healthy children. M-mode measurements, left atrial and left ventricular volumes, and Doppler and tissue Doppler echocardiograms were collected. We graded mitral regurgitation …

Does Individualized Guided Selection Of Antiplatelet Therapy Improve Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention? A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Naser Yamani, Samuel Unzek, Muhammad Hasnain Mankani, Talal Almas, Adeena Musheer, Humera Qamar, Shausha Farooq, Waqas Shahnawaz, Kaneez Fatima, Vincent Figueredo

Department of Medicine

Background: The potential benefits of individualized guided selection of antiplatelet therapy over standard antiplatelet therapy in improving outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) have not been established. Therefore, we pooled evidence from available clinical trials to assess the effectiveness by comparing the two regimens in patients undergoing PCI.
Methods: We queried two electronic databases, MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL, from their inception to April 20, 2021 for published randomized controlled trials in any language that compared guided antiplatelet therapy, using either genetic testing or platelet function testing, versus standard antiplatelet therapy in patients undergoing PCI. The results from trials …