Bacterial Infections and Mycoses Commons^™

The Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Adherence To Urinary Tract Infection Treatment: A Scoping Review, Barrett S. Patel, Ms, Bsn, Rn, Emily A. Gentry, Bsn, Rn, Sally Humphrey Dnp, Aprn, Cpnp-Pc, Bobby Bellflower Dnsc, Nnp-Bc, Faanp, Fnap

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common diagnosis among children. Patients must fully comply with treatment regimens to reduce the risk of recurring UTIs and prevent long-term complications. This scoping review aims to evaluate the literature and examine the association between screening for social determinants of health (SDH) and adherence to UTI treatment.

Methods

A thorough literature search via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Elsevier Clinical Key, CINAHL, and JAMA was conducted with the following keywords: Pediatric UTI, Adherence to Treatment Plans, Social Determinants of Health, Social Needs Screening, and others. Ten articles were appraised for their evidence and quality. The …

Limonene Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect On Lps-Induced Jejunal Injury In Mice By Inhibiting Nf-Κb/Ap-1 Pathway, Sarmed H. Kathem, Yasameen Sh. Nasrawi, Shihab H. Mutlag, Surya M. Nauli

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The human gastrointestinal system is a complex ecosystem crucial for well-being. During sepsis-induced gut injury, the integrity of the intestinal barrier can be compromised. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria, disrupts the intestinal barrier, contributing to inflammation and various dysfunctions. The current study explores the protective effects of limonene, a natural compound with diverse biological properties, against LPS-induced jejunal injury in mice. Oral administration of limonene at dosages of 100 and 200 mg/kg was used in the LPS mouse model. The Murine Sepsis Score (MSS) was utilized to evaluate the severity of sepsis, while serum levels of urea and …

Antimicrobial And Synergistic Effects Of Syzygium Cumini, Moringa Oleifera, And Tinospora Cordifolia Against Different Candida Infections, Adedayo O. Adelakun, Ayoola Awosika, Uzochukwu Adabanya, Adekunle E. Omole, Akinyode I. Olopoda, Emmanuel T. Bello

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction The burden of multiple drug resistance in human pathogens has necessitated the search for and development of antimicrobial agents with a wide range of structural classes and potentials to selectively act on the several mechanisms of actions exhibited by the pathogens. However, most synthetic antimicrobial agents have been linked with adverse side effects and high costs, furthering the need to explore more options. Syzygium cumini, Moringa oleifera, and Tinospora cordifolia are three medicinal plants used in traditional medicine systems for various infectious diseases. They contain various phytochemicals that exhibit antimicrobial activities against various bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The mechanisms …

Disseminated Coccidioidomycosis Discovered Through Skin Biopsy In A Pregnant Patient From Mexico, Henry Lim, Christina Guo, Marshall Hall, Christian Scheufele, Christopher M. Wong

North Texas Research Forum 2024

Introduction: Coccidioidomycosis is an infection caused by the organism Coccidioides immitis, a fungus endemic to the southwestern United States, Mexico, Central and South America. The presentation of coccidioidomycosis can range from symptoms resembling a simple upper respiratory infection, such as cough, to more severe systemic symptoms including fever, malaise, and chills. Cutaneous lesions of coccidioidomycosis demonstrate a large heterogeneity of clinical manifestations but are significant as they may be the presenting sign of disseminated disease. While usually confined to the lungs, extrapulmonary coccidioidomycosis can occur in about 1 in 200 patients, most commonly associated with immunocompromised status. Pregnancy is an …

Variability In Provider Assessment Of Sepsis And Potential Of Host Response Technology To Address This Dilemma—Results Of An Online Delphi Study, Chadd K. Kraus, Hollis R. O’Neal, Nathan A. Ledeboer, Todd W. Rice, Wesley H. Self, Richard E. Rothman

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Potentially septic patients have a huge clinical and economic impact on hospitals and often present to the emergency department (ED) with undifferentiated symptoms. The triage of these patients is complex and has historically relied heavily upon provider judgment. This study aims to evaluate the consistency of provider judgment and the potential of a new host response sepsis test to aid in the triage process. A modified Delphi study involving 26 participants from multiple specialties was conducted to evaluate provider agreement about sepsis risk and to test proposed actions based on the results of a sepsis test. The participants considered case …

Additive Effects Of Cyclic Peptide [R4w4] When Added Alongside Azithromycin And Rifampicin Against Mycobacterium Avium Infection, Melissa Kelley, Kayvan Sasaninia, Arbi Abnousian, Ali Badaoui, James Owens, Abrianna Beever, Nala Kachour, Rakesh Kumar Tiwari, Vishwanath Venketaraman

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Mycobacterium avium (M. avium), a type of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), poses a risk for pulmonary infections and disseminated infections in immunocompromised individuals. Conventional treatment consists of a 12-month regimen of the first-line antibiotics rifampicin and azithromycin. However, the treatment duration and low antibiotic tolerability present challenges in the treatment of M. avium infection. Furthermore, the emergence of multidrug-resistant mycobacterium strains prompts a need for novel treatments against M. avium infection. This study aims to test the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial peptide, cyclic [R4W4], alongside the first-line antibiotics azithromycin and rifampicin in reducing M. avium survival. Colony-forming unit (CFU) …

Analyzing Pseudomonas Aeruginosa With Bacteriophage Tags Using Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry, Jennifer C. Schinke

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The number of daily bacterial infections is climbing and the CDC explains that this is due to the antibiotic-resistant threat in the United States. Finding a faster way of bacterial identification is necessary as it currently takes 1-4 days for a medical lab to culture and identify bacteria. Photoacoustic flow cytometry (PAFC) can be used as an alternative method resulting in swift identification within an hour (Edgar, 2019). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, cell line PA01, will be coated in up to a few hundred red dyed phages making it detectible by the photoacoustic flow cytometry system. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that …

Outpatient Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing And Treatment Patterns In The United States: A Real-World Database Study, Rebecca Lillis, Louis Kuritzky, Zune Huynh, Rodney Arcenas, Avneet Hansra, Roma Shah, Baiyu Yang, Stephanie N. Taylor

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) are the most common notifiable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the United States. Because symptoms of these infections often overlap with other urogenital infections, misdiagnosis and incorrect treatment can occur unless appropriate STI diagnostic testing is performed in clinical settings. The objective of this study was to describe STI diagnostic testing and antimicrobial treatment patterns and trends among adolescent and adult men and women with lower genitourinary tract symptoms (LGUTS). Methods: We analyzed insurance claims data from the IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases. Patients included were between 14 and 64 years old with …

Clinical Presentation And Management Of Chromoblastomycosis: A Case Report And Review, Lacey Falgout, Deborah Hilton

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Angiovac® Device Limits Lethal Complications Of Sepsis And Severe Infective Endocarditis With A Large Tricuspid Valve Vegetation: A Case Report, Dua Xiao, Raeann Dalton, Adam Fineman, Michael Benz, Antonios Tsompanidis

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Introduction: Infectious endocarditis of the tricuspid valve is a common complication of intravenous drug use. Endocarditis caused by viridans streptococci can lead to heart valve vegetations which may be life threatening due to the potential for embolism and obstruction. Management of large valvular vegetations is often difficult due to the risks involved with open heart surgery, especially in patients with comorbid conditions. The AngioVac® device has been shown in rare cases to be effective at debulking vegetations without the need for invasive surgery.

Case Presentation: We present a patient with a history of intravenous heroin use disorder, hepatitis C, spinal …

Characterization Of Antibiotic Susceptibility Profiles Of Extensively- And Pan-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii Clinical Isolates, Rachel Carr, Justin Halim, Rebecca Fliorent, Henry Fraimow, Dejan Nikolic, Valerie Carabetta

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen common in intensive care units (ICUs), particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Nosocomial A. baumannii infections have become increasingly problematic in recent years, as these bacteria rapidly acquire antibiotic resistance, leading to the emergence of multidrug, extensively drug and pan drug-resistant (MDR, XDR, and PDR, respectively) isolates. Recently, Cooper University Hospital (CUH) experienced a large increase in highly drug-resistant A. baumannii infections, which had a mortality rate of 60%. Oftentimes, physicians had to turn to combinations of drugs with no experimental verification or historically shelved antibiotics, such as the polymyxins, in a desperate attempt to save …

Handheld Bedside Pocus In The Evaluation Of Neck Swelling: A Case Of Ludwig's Angina, Alex Gechlik, Frank Wheeler, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna, Henry Schuitema

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Ludwig's angina is a rare and life threatening cellulitic infection, first described by German physician, Wilhelm Frederick Von Ludwig in 1836, as a gangrenous infection of the soft tissue floor of the mouth and neck. The potential to spread rapidly to contiguous tissues surrounding the upper airways, notably the glottis, resulted in Ludwig's angina carrying a high mortality rate near 50% in the pre- antibiotic era. It necessitates rapid detection and management to assure respiratory compromise does not occur. This case study is novel as it illustrates handheld bedside POCUS utilization in diagnosing Ludwig’s Angina.

New Onset Lichen Planus And Back Pain Leading To Discovery Of A Peri Aortic Abscess, Monica Diep, Wayne Tamaska, Philip Carhart, James Espinosa, Alan Lucerna

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Back pain is a common chief complaint in the emergency department. With the differential ranging from musculoskeletal pain to cauda equina, there are a plethora of diagnoses. Differentiating between benign back pain and back pain that warrants further evaluation and even possible emergent surgical intervention is often a challenge in the acute setting. In this case report, a strange combination of all new symptoms including lichen planus, fevers, chills and atraumatic back pain lead to the eerie and very unexpected diagnosis of a peri-aortic abscess.

The Use Of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine To Treat Common Pediatric Conditions: A Literature Review, Sonya Priven, Emily Meale, Danielle Cooley

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Context: Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs) are physicians who are trained in the practice of osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). OMT is a form of manual manipulation that can be applied to the patient’s body to aid the body in its own healing properties. The overprescribing and overuse of medication is currently a problem, as it can result in adverse consequences such as antibiotic resistance. Exploring OMT as either an alternative or as a complementary therapy in the pediatric population is beneficial in potentially curbing antibiotic use and improving symptoms and disease-related processes.

Objective: To explore OMT as a therapy for …

An Unusual Ed Case: Spontaneous Necrotizing Fasciitis Presenting As Hypoxic Pneumonia, Chetna Thawani, Kishan Patel

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

We present a case of necrotizing fasciitis initially presenting as septic hypoxic pneumonia, and discuss imaging modalities and diagnostic evaluation. Necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is a rapidly progressive surgical emergency with a mortality rate of 30%. In approximately 80% of cases, it is introduced through a break in the skin. It can also occur after any invasive procedure or surgery. It is most commonly associated with skin flora including staph and strep, though polymicrobial infections are most common. It usually presents with signs of systemic infection, including fever, chills, sepsis, altered mental status - and signs of cutaneous involvement …

Case Report: Cavitary Pneumonia In A 28 Year Old Male, Dan Zaayenga, Katelyn Courtney

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Cavitary pneumonia can be caused by several different mechanisms. Such causes include suppurative necrosis (pyogenic lung abscess), caseous necrosis (tuberculosis), ischemic necrosis (pulmonary infarction) cystic dilatation of lung structures (ball value obstruction and Pneumocystis pneumonia) as well as malignant processes. Causes are subject to both environmental factors and host susceptibility. The most common cause of infectious process is tuberculosis with its propensity to cause extensive caseous necrosis. The potential for secondary infection after an individual develops a cavitary pneumonia is also great as it provides a shelter for various pathogens the flourish in an environment otherwise usually well-guarded by host …

Purple Urine Bag Syndrome (Pubs) In A Patient With A Chronic Indwelling Foley, Kelsey Murray, Kishan Patel

Rowan-Virtua Research Day

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is a rare medical condition characterized by the appearance of purple discoloration in the urine collection bag of patients who use catheters for urinary drainage. PUBS is primarily seen in elderly, female, and institutionalized patients who have chronic indwelling catheters. The discoloration occurs due to the presence of certain bacteria that produce pigments, which react with the plastic materials of the catheter and urine collection bag, leading to the formation of a purple color. In addition to the aesthetic concerns, PUBS may also indicate an underlying urinary tract infection or other medical conditions that require …

Implementing Auc Monitoring In A Pharmacist-Managed Vancomycin Dosing Protocol: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Brandon L S Robinson, Blake Bennie, Mahmoud Nasiri, Kieu Nguyen, Reba Forbess, Mallory Gessner-Wharton, Cassie Robertson

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background

Consensus guidelines on the therapeutic drug monitoring of vancomycin published in 2020 recognize that using the calculated area-under-the-curve (AUC) to guide dosing maximizes clinical efficacy and minimizes risk when compared to traditional trough-based dosing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AUC monitoring results in reduced acute kidney injury (AKI) rates in adult patients receiving vancomycin for all indications.

Methods

In this study, patients 18 years or older who received pharmacist-managed vancomycin therapy were selected using pharmacy surveillance software from 2 timeframes. Patients were excluded if they received less than 48 hours of therapy or had unstable …

The Effectiveness Of Increasing Frequency Of Central-Line Dressing Changes And Monitoring On Clabsi Rates: A Scoping Review, Jacob Schmidt, Bsn, Rn, Ccrn, Georgia Brown, Bsn, Rn, Laura Dickey, Agpcnp-C, Lauren Faulkner, Bsn, Rn, Margaret Harvey, Phd, Aprn, Acnp-Bc, Chfn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Abstract

Purpose/Background

Central lines provide many benefits to critically ill patients; however, there are additional risks with them, including central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs). CLABSIs place patients at increased risk for morbidity and mortality, longer length of stay, and higher medical costs. Studies evaluating various methods of reducing CLABSIs have been performed. This scoping review was completed to determine the effectiveness of frequent central-line dressing changes and increased monitoring on the incidence of central-line associated blood stream infections in adults with central-lines.

Methods

An extensive database search through the University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC) Online Library was performed …

The Effects Of Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediator Lipoxin A4 On Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Biofilms And Interactions With Monocytes, Julianne M. Thornton

Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Theses and Dissertations

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic pathogen known as a major cause of hospital-acquired secondary infections, commonly causing chronic respiratory infections in immunocompromised individuals, especially those with cystic fibrosis, and often found in wound infections. P. aeruginosa uses the quorum sensing pathway to readily form protective biofilms, which reduce the efficacy of antibiotics and access by host immune cells to eradicate the pathogen. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are lipids endogenously produced by the host immune response to infection to aid in infection resolution. One SPM, Lipoxin A4 (LxA4), has been shown to be a robust quorum sensing inhibitor.

The …

Accuracy Of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring In Vancomycin And The Pharmacist Role: A Retrospective Case-Series, Kateryna Parkhomenko

Senior Theses

Vancomycin is a mainstay of therapy for treating virulent and resistant infections, especially methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). However, vancomycin requires therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) for optimal dosing and treatment. This requires pharmacists to calculate a dosing regimen that correlates to appropriate goal vancomycin concentrations in the blood. Dosing vancomycin can be difficult, as it varies on a patient’s weight, renal function, age, etc. Doses may have to be adjusted in response to out-of-range concentrations, which requires further pharmacy calculations. Inaccurate dosing poses a risk to patient safety and places a resource and time burden on pharmacists. If vancomycin dosing methods …

Investigation Of Clinically Relevant Fluconazole Resistance Mechanisms In The Fungal Pathogen Candida Parapsilosis, Laura Anne Doorley

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Invasive candidiasis is a severe fungal infection associated with significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among the critically ill and immunocompromised. Candida parapsilosis is the most common non-albicans species causing invasive Candida infections in pediatric and neonatal populations worldwide and is particularly common in the countries of South America, Western Asia, Mediterranean Europe, and Southern Africa. For many of these countries, fluconazole and other triazoles are the first line antifungal agents used for effective treatment of invasive Candida infection. Until recently, rates of fluconazole resistance among C. parapsilosis isolates were relatively low, therefore the determination of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms in …

Sulopenem For The Treatment Of Complicated And Uncomplicated Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection (Uti), Aiyi Chen, Thanh-Liem Vu, Daniel J. Yang, Landon Olsen

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Performance Of A Sars-Cov-2 Rt-Pcr Assay With Non-Traditional Specimen Types, Subathra Marimuthu, Holly Aliesky, Heather Ness, Daniya Sheikh, Sathya Rashmit, Dawn Balcom, Leslie A. Wolf

The University of Louisville Journal of Respiratory Infections

During the first two years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, nasopharyngeal (NP) specimens were the gold standard for clinical diagnostic testing. As information about the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the pandemic continued to be shared, it was clear that the virus could be detected in other specimen types during an active infection. The University of Louisville Infectious Diseases Laboratory accepted non-traditional specimen types, most without a paired, positive NP result, for research purposes only to support local epidemiology efforts. A real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay originally validated for NP specimens was used …

Clinical Utility Of Neutrophil To Lymphocyte Ratio In Sickle Cell Disease With Vaso-Occlusive Crisis, Satish Maharaj, Simone Chang

Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Therapy

Background and objectives: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio represents a universally accessible value that correlates with inflammation and prognosis in several disease states; however, the role of this biomarker in sickle cell disease remains poorly explored. Hence, the objective of the present study was to determine its potential clinical utility in patients with sickle cell disease.

Patients: Herein, we retrospectively reviewed 143 patients with sickle cell disease who presented to the emergency department with fever and painful vaso-occlusive crisis.

Results: The examined cohort had a prevalence of 11% confirmed bacterial infection, with approximately two-thirds reporting the use of hydroxyurea. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio …

Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic (Pbpk) Modeling For The Preclinical Development Of Spectinamide Antibiotics, Keyur R. Parmar

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Despite being an ancient disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and after decades of research, tuberculosis (TB) still affects millions of people every year worldwide. In 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 10 million people developed tuberculosis and 1.5 million died of the disease. With the increase in the multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) cases, the treatment for TB with the standard first and second-line therapy is becoming increasingly difficult. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new anti-TB drugs as combination partners of existing and experimental classes of antimicrobial agents to shorten and simplify the …

Computer-Aided Drug Discovery For Helicobacter Pylori, Nicole Ann Vita

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Helicobacter pylori is a high-priority drug-resistant pathogen and is currently the only bacteria considered to be a class I carcinogen and there is a critical need to identify novel chemical matter to treat H. pylori infections. Hp is responsible for greater than 60% of gastric cancer related deaths and 89% of all gastric cancer morbidities. In a previous study, our lab identified novel Hp thienopyrmidine inhibitors that target respiratory complex I, an essential enzyme in respiration. Respiratory complex I is a large asymmetric multidomain and membrane bound enzyme and due to these innate features, it is not practical for biophysical …

Practical Mouse Model To Investigate Therapeutics For Staphylococcus Aureus Contaminated Surgical Mesh Implants, Madison M. Collins, Brent Race, Ronald J. Messer, Chase Baune, Scott D. Kobayashi, Dan Long, Katie Williams, Aaron M. Hasenkrug, Kim Hasenkrug, Natalia Malachowa

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: The use of prosthetic mesh in hernia repair provides a powerful tool to increase repair longevity, decrease recurrence rates, and facilitate complex abdominal wall reconstruction. Overall infection rates with mesh are low, but for those affected there is high morbidity and economic cost. The availability of a practicable small animal model would be advantageous for the preclinical testing of prophylactics, therapeutics, and new biomaterials. To this end, we have developed a novel mouse model for implantation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus–infected surgical mesh and provide results from antibiotic and immunotherapeutic testing. Materials and Methods: Implantation of surgical mesh between fascial …

Screening For Social Determinants Of Health To Improve Care In Pediatric Patients With Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections: A Scoping Review, Emily Gray Msn, Fnp-C, Michelle Rickard Dnp, Cpnp-Ac

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose: To describe what is known about how SDoH screening impacts adherence to treatment in pediatric patients with recurrent UTIs.

Radioluminescence Based Biochemical Sensing And Imaging Strategies To Measure Local Drug Release And Ph, Gretchen B. Schober

All Dissertations

In this dissertation we describe methods for measuring infection relevant biochemical analytes using radioluminescent and ultrasound luminescent materials. Films and nanoparticles fabricated with europium doped gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd₂O₂S:Eu³⁺) are used to quantitatively measure radiolabeled pharmaceutical concentration, specifically tritium labeled vancomycin (³H-vancomycin). Europium and dysprosium doped strontium aluminate is used to fabricate an ultrasound modulated, pH sensing film. These methods are indicated for theranostic evaluation of implant associated infection. Bacterial biofilms are inherently resistant to traditional antibiotic treatment and can coat biomedical implants. These biofilm related infections are difficult or impossible to eradicate …