Animal Diseases Commons^™

Sheep And Cattle Disorders Reported At Abattoirs, Michael Paton Dr

Bulletins 4000 -

Meat inspectors at abattoirs record a lot of information about diseases and disorders of sheep and cattle. This information is mentioned briefly in stock health reports that are sent to producers who consign animals to Robb Jetty or E.G. Green abattoirs.

Department of Agriculture veterinarians have compiled information on these disorders and diseases for this publication.

This Bulletin provides information on the cause and appearance of each disorder, its economic significance, and how to prevent or treat it. Producers who need further information should contact a veterinarian.

The Role Of Host Management In Tick Population Changes On Rusinga Island, Kenya, D. K. Punyua, S. M. Hassan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Contrary to patterns described elsewhere, tick numbers on Rusinga Island cattle drop markedly after the onset of the rainy season. One possible explanation is that this is related to seasonal differences in host behaviour since cattle grazing on the island are restricted during the crop-growing season (the rainy season) and free grazing afterwards. In a field experiment, cattle were divided into two groups, free grazing and restricted, for 2 months each during the rainy season and during the dry season, and the number of ticks infesting each group was compared. In both seasons, the free-grazing group carried more ticks than …

Inhibitory Effect Of Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei On Glossina Morsitans Midgut Trypsin In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

The ability of Trypanosoma brucei brucei to inhibit trypsin or trypsin-like enzymes in crude midgut homogenates of Glossina morsitans morsitans was studied in vitro. The isolated parasites caused a concentration-dependent decrease in midgut trypsin activity. Furthermore, trypanosomes lysed by repeated freeze-thawing had a similar effect on trypsin activity. In both cases, the inhibition by either intact or lysed parasites was partial as revealed by Dixon plots. Similarly, trypanosome membrane proteins stoichiometrically inhibited trypsin activity, suggesting that the enzyme interacts specifically with a moiety on the parasite surface. The Km and Ki values obtained in this case were 35 μm and …

Trypanosome Infection Rates In Tsetse Flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) And Cattle During Tsetse Control Operations In The Kagera River Region Of Rwanda, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Christopher S. Tarimo

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Trypanosome infections were monitored in three species of tsetse fly (Glossina pallidipes Austen, G. morsitans centralis Machado, and G. brevipalpis News-tead) at four locations in the Kagera River region of Rwanda from May 1989 to September 1990. Two of the four areas (Mpanga Ranch and Bukora Ranch) were subjected to tsetse fly suppression operations with odour-baited traps. Proboscis infections of the Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax types accounted for roughly equal numbers of the 207 mature infections detected (3.8%). Variation in infection rates was area-specific rather than tsetse species-specific. Order of magnitude differences in tsetse fly densities among areas were …

Laboratory And Field Observations On Anti-Tick Properties Of The Plant Gynandropsis Gynandra (L.) Brig, M. M. Malonza, O. O. Dipeolu, A. O. Amoo, S. M. Hassan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

A shrubby plant, abundant in east Kenya, Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Brig., was shown to exhibit repellent and acaricidal properties to larvae, nymphs and adult Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum ticks. All stages of ticks avoided the leaves of the plant and a high percentage of the ticks which were continuously exposed to its leaves died; surviving ticks were weak and inactive but regained activity when exposed to fresh air. The effectiveness of the plant's leaves as a repellent and acaricide was most pronounced on nymphs and least pronounced on adults. Field investigations indicated that ticks were not found up to …

Effects Of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide On Plasma Corticosterone Concentrations And Body Temperatures Of New Zealand Rabbits (Oryctolagus Cuniculus), Phillip Keith Wilkins, Stanley N. David, Lawrence W. Hinck

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

Twelve New Zealand rabbits were injected with Salmonella typhosa endotoxin, 10 ng/kg b.w. ,via an auricular marginal vein and the effects of the pyrogen on the rectal temperatures and plasma corticosterone concentrations of these animals were observed. Our data showed significant increases of the core temperatures from the normal 39.3 +/- 0.18 to 40.9 +/- 0.43 C (p < 0.001). Radioimmunoassay results of the plasma corticosterone levels were 5.76 +/- 3.7 ug/100 ml in the pre-injection blood samples and 9.02 +/- 3.7 ug/100 ml in the plasmas obtained from the animals, one hour after the pyrogen was administered. The increase of corticosterone was significant (p

Effect Of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Fever On The Humoral Response Of New Zealand White Rabbits, Lawrence W. Hinck, Stanley N. David

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Understanding The Importance Of Eperythrozoon Ovis Infection In Sheep, Marc Kabay

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

Assigning priorities for research on sheep diseases relies in part on understanding the prevalence and economic impact of each disease.

Eperythrozoon ovis infection in sheep, for example is a common, but not costly, disease.

Studies On Tsetse Midgut Factors That Induce Differentiation Of Bloodstream Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei In Vitro, M. O. Imbuga, E. O. Osir, V. L. Labongo, N. Darji, L. H. Otieno

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

An in vitro system for studying the transformation of bloodstream forms of Trypanosoma brucei brucei into procylic (midgut) forms is described. In this system, transformation of the parasites was stimulated by Glossina morsitans morsitans midgut homogenates at 27° C but not at 4° C. The transformation-stimulating capacity was irreversibly destroyed by heating the midgut homogenates at 60° C for 1 h. A correlation was established between the transformation activity of the midgut homogenates and trypsin activity. The protease inhibitors (soybean trypsin inhibitor and N-p-tosyl-l-lysine-chloromethyl-ketone) inhibited trypsin activity and completely blocked the transformation of the parasites. Furthermore, the midgut homogenates could …

Influence Of D(+)-Glucosamine On Infection Rates And Parasite Loads In Tsetse Flies (Glossina Spp.) Infected With Trypanosoma Brucei, Steve Mihok, Leonard H. Otieno, Nafisa Darji, David Munyinyi

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Teneral Glossina morsitans centralis, G. m. morsitans and G. pallidipes were infected with three different clones of Trypanosoma brucei in blood containing d(+)-glucosamine, an inhibitor of tsetse midgut lectin. On average, 5 days of d(+)-glucosamine treatment tripled infection rates, without affecting the proportion of infections that matured. Total infection rates were equal in males and females, but twice as many infections matured in males. Counts of parasites in the guts and salivary glands of 277 flies revealed order of magnitude differences among flies, with females consistently having 2-3-times as many parasites as males. Parasite numbers varied in a sex-specific manner …