Diseases Commons^™

Effectiveness Of A Community Program For Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes And Multimorbidity: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial, John J. Miklavcic, Kimberly D. Fraser, Jenny Ploeg, Maureen Markle-Reid, Kathryn Fisher, Amiram Gafni, Lauren E. Griffith, Sandra Hirst, Cheryl A. Sadowski, Lehana Thabane, Jean A. C. Triscott, Ross Upshur

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

Background

Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects upwards of 25% of Canadian older adults and is associated with high comorbidity and burden. Studies show that lifestyle factors and self-management are associated with improved health outcomes, but many studies lack rigour or exclude older adults, particularly those with multimorbidity. More evidence is needed on the effectiveness of community-based self-management programs in older adults with T2DM and multimorbidity. The study purpose is to evaluate the effect of a community-based intervention versus usual care on physical functioning, mental health, depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-efficacy, self-management, and healthcare costs in older adults with T2DM and …

An Investigation Of Treatments For The Prevention Of Metabolic Complications For Women Suffering From Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Diet, Exercise, Weight Reduction And Herbal Remedies, Brenda Martinez-Puente

Nursing | Senior Theses

The purpose of this research study is to compare the views of traditional versus alternative treatments available to women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) suffering from metabolic complications. Alternative treatments include diet, exercise, herbal remedies, or any combination of the three. Pharmacological interventions for the conditions associated with PCOS such as metformin, used to control glucose levels, and clomiphene, used to treat infertility. Through the literature review, articles show herbs and plant products to have similar mechanisms of actions as the pharmacological interventions, but with less side effects. For example, cinnamon was shown to increase insulin sensitivity and pomegranate juice …

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Subfertility And Vitamin D Deficiency, Arfa Azhar, Fatima Abid, Rehana Rehman

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine female disorder, affecting 4-18% women of reproductive age. The prevalence of PCOS in South Asian women, especially in Pakistani women, is much higher (52%) as compared to white population (20 - 25% in UK). In Pakistan, vitamin D status displays 31.2% vitamin D insufficiency, 53.5% vitamin D deficiency, and 15.3% normal vitamin D values. Vitamin D deficiency, though very common in the general population, is even more prevalent in PCOS patients, seen in approximately 67-85%, which further correlates to their related comorbidities. A lot of researches have to be directed to …

Developing A Clinical Practice Guideline For Surgical Diabetic Patients, Barbie Denise Harbaugh, Diane Whitehead

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

Diabetes is a recognized risk factor for postoperative infection, acute renal failure, ileus, and lengthy hospital stay. Optimal screening, management, and scheduling of elective surgery for diabetic patients has been shown to improve quality care, decrease complications, and increase the efficiency and lower the costs of preoperative patient care. However, surgery cancellations are common due to inadequate preoperative glycemic control and poor intraoperative glycemic control, which is a recognized risk factor for perioperative or postoperative complications. There were no clinical practice guidelines or optimization protocols for elective surgery patients at a small rural hospital in the Northeast United States. The …

Serpinb1 Effects On Human Pancreatic Ductal Cells, Praneeth Goli

College of Arts & Sciences Senior Theses

Rebuilding or expanding the body’s ability to regulate blood glucose levels by restoring or increasing the body’s ability to produce insulin, long-term, would be a major advancement in diabetes (type-1 and type-2) treatment and could serve as a potential cure [1]. Therefore, the holy grail of diabetes treatment and cure research is to regenerate or increase the insulin producing cells in diabetic individuals (type-1 and type-2) [1, 2]. SerpinB1 has been implicated as a biomolecular signal that stimulates an increase in insulin cell mass in murine and zebrafish models that exhibit physiologically normal compensatory islet hyperplasia. In humans, SerpinB1 is …

Antioxidating Effect Of Ampelocissus Sp. (Isi Nyaru) On Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Zamri Elly Zulaikha

Student Works (2020-2029)

The Ampelocissus sp. locally known as Isi Nyaru has been traditionally used by native Malaysian for medical purpose. The tuber was extracted with hexane, petroleum-ether, chloroform, methanol and water solvents. The seperation and detection of bioactive compounds were done using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) methods. The TLC results showed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids and terpenoids. While in GCMS has revealed the presence of hydrocarbon groups such as alkene, ester and ether, amino acid groups, dicarboxylic acid and cyclic aromatic compound. The total phenol content and total flavonoid content were highest in methanolic …

Metabolic-Sensing Of The Skeletal Muscle Clock Coordinates Fuel Oxidation, Hongshan Yin, Weini Li, Somik Chatterjee, Xuekai Xiong, Pradip Saha, Vijay Yechoor, Ke Ma

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Circadian clock confers temporal control in metabolism, with its disruption leading to the development of insulin resistance. Metabolic substrate utilization in skeletal muscle is coordinated with diurnal nutrient cycles. However, whether the molecular clock is involved in this coordination is largely unknown. Using a myocyte-selective genetic ablation mouse model of the essential clock activator Bmal1, here we identify muscle-intrinsic clock as a sensor of feeding cues to orchestrate skeletal muscle oxidation required for global nutrient flux. Bmal1 in skeletal muscle responds robustly to feeding in vivo and insulin induces its expression. Muscle Bmal1 deficiency impaired the transcriptional control of glucose …

Transitioning To Value-Based Diabetes Care: A Call For Action Derived From Primary Care Providers In South Florida, Francois Sainfort, Julie A. Jacko, Johannes Vieweg

HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine

Background: In Florida, 2.4 million people have diabetes and 5.8 million are pre-diabetic. Not only has the prevalence of diabetes doubled over the past 20 years from 5.2 in 1992 to 11.2 in 2014, but the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention expects 1 out of every 3 adults will have diabetes by the year 2050. In addition, in every year since 1996, Florida well exceeds the national levels in terms of prevalence of diabetes, and the gap is getting wider. A study was conducted to gather information from key physician stakeholders as to how to address unmet needs of …

Giving Credence To The Experience Of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia In Adulthood: An Interprofessional Mixed-Methods Study, Melissa Hughes, Carolyn Macica, Catherine Meriano, Maya Doyle

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a rare X-linked dominant metabolic bone disease, often diagnosed in childhood but causing increasing physical debilitation and pain in adulthood. Physical comorbidities of XLH in adulthood include pervasive and early-onset degenerative arthritis, mineralizing enthesophytes and osteophytes, osteomalacia and pseudofracture, dental abscesses, and hearing loss.

Methods: This mixed-methods analysis included physical findings, diagnostic imaging, occupational and physical therapy assessments, and semi-structured interviews by social work to understand the functional outcomes and lived experience of XLH in adulthood, through connections between qualitative data obtained by social work and occupational therapy with the quantitative findings from other disciplines. …

Association Of Intensive Lifestyle Intervention, Fitness, And Body Mass Index With Risk Of Heart Failure In Overweight Or Obese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Analysis From The Look Ahead Trial, Ambarish Pandey, Kershaw V Patel, Judy L Bahnson, Sarah A Gaussoin, Corby K Martin, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Karen C Johnson, Darren K Mcguire, Alain G Bertoni, Dalane Kitzman, Jarett D Berry, Look Ahead Research Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with a higher risk for heart failure (HF). The impact of a lifestyle intervention and changes in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index on risk for HF is not well established.

METHODS: Participants from the Look AHEAD trial (Action for Health in Diabetes) without prevalent HF were included. Time-to-event analyses were used to compare the risk of incident HF between the intensive lifestyle intervention and diabetes support and education groups. The associations of baseline measures of CRF estimated from a maximal treadmill test, body mass index, and longitudinal changes in these …

Engagement Of Private Healthcare Providers For Case Finding Of Tuberculosis And Diabetes Mellitus In Pakistan, Shifa Salman Habib, Sana Rafiq, Wafa Zehra Jamal, Shaikh Muhammad Ayub, Rashida Abbas Ferrand, Aamir Khan, Syed Mohammad Asad Zaidi

Community Health Sciences

Background: The rising co-epidemic of tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is a challenge for constrained health systems in low and middle-income countries. Diabetes is a known risk factor for tuberculosis and associated with poor tuberculosis treatment outcomes, while tuberculosis is associated with worsening glycemic control. We investigated the performance of bi-directional TB and DM case finding approaches through a private-sector engagement model in Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: Between July 2016 and July 2018, private health care providers were engaged to generate referrals for bi-directional TB and DM screening at private diagnostic and treatment centers in Karachi, Pakistan. Individuals diagnosed with …

Development Of Paper-Based Screen-Printed Carbon-Paste Electrode For Sensing Glucose For Diabetics, Yechan Hwang

19th Annual Celebration of Undergraduate Research and Creative Activity (2020)

In recent years there have been many interests in developing paper based electrodes.[1] The purpose of this project is to develop a working paper-based electrode that can detect glucose via an enzyme and redox mediator (Tris(5-amino-1, 10-phenanthroline) Iron(II)). In the process of developing a paper-based electrode, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used as primary methods. The redox mediator was electropolymerized onto glassy carbon (GC) and carbon-paste electrodes (CPE) and their subsequent charge-transfer properties were characterized using CV and EIS. Cyclic voltammetry characterization studies of the electropolymerized films revealed excellent charge transfer properties with ΔEp ~0 mV. …

Levosulpiride-Induced Hyperprolactinemia, Sarah Nadeem, Bhagwan Das

Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism

No abstract provided.

A Collaborative Approach To Incentivizing Healthy Food Choices Among Uncontrolled Diabetic Patients At A Local Federally Qualified Health Center To Improve Health Outcomes, Briauna J. Taylor

Doctoral Projects

Background: The rate of uncontrolled diabetes among patients at a local Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) is higher than the nation standard, a phenomenon believed to be caused by the effects of social determinants of health (SDOH). SDOH, specifically food insecurity, play a significant role in health outcomes of diabetic patients. Increasing access to healthy foods, thereby reducing food insecurity, has the potential to improve glycemic control and reduce diet related chronic disease.

Objectives: The project aims to determine if partnership with a membership based incentivized grocery store has the potential to positively impact health outcomes among vulnerable patients with …

Association Of Dairy Consumption With Metabolic Syndrome, Hypertension And Diabetes In 147 812 Individuals From 21 Countries, Balaji Bhavadharini, Mahshid Dehghan, Andrew Mente, Sumathy Rangarajan, Patrick Sheridan, Viswanathan Mohan, Romaina Iqbal, Rajeev Gupta, Scott Lear, Edelweiss Wentzel-Viljoen

Community Health Sciences

Objective: Our aims were to assess the association of dairy intake with prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) (cross-sectionally) and with incident hypertension and incident diabetes (prospectively) in a large multinational cohort study.
Methods: The Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study is a prospective epidemiological study of individuals aged 35 and 70 years from 21 countries on five continents, with a median follow-up of 9.1 years. In the cross-sectional analyses, we assessed the association of dairy intake with prevalent MetS and its components among individuals with information on the five MetS components (n=112 922). For the prospective analyses, we …

Diabetes Debunked: What You Need To Know, Maggie Hutson

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The goal of this Honors creative project is to encourage health literacy in populations who are curious about Type 2 Diabetes or have Type 2 Diabetes. From personal experience, I have seen noncompliance in diabetics and wondered why since it is a serious, progressive disease. After researching, I found that some diabetics do not understand the scope of their disease, especially since many of the dangerous complications that arise from Type 2 Diabetes do not present until later in the disease when it is too late. For my senior project, I decided to write an educational paper as a supplement …

The Impact Of Diabetic Foot Ulcers And Unilateral Offloading Footwear On Gait In People With Diabetes, Erica Ling, Brian Lepow, He Zhou, Ana Enriquez, Ashley Mullen, Bijan Najafi

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Unilateral offloading footwear prescribed to patients with diabetic foot ulcers elevates one limb relative to the other, which may lead to limp and abnormal gait. This study investigated whether the unilateral foot ulcer and offloading combination negatively impacts gait function beyond diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

METHODS: Eighty-six participants were recruited in 3 groups: 12 with diabetic peripheral neuropathy and unilateral foot ulcers wearing offloading footwear (offloading group, age = 55.6 ± 9.5 years, BMI = 30.9 ± 4.5 kg/m

FINDINGS: The offloading group exhibited deteriorated gait function compared to the non-diabetic group (p < 0.005, Cohen's effect size d = 0.90-2.61). They also had decreased gait speed (p < 0.001, d = 1.79) and stride length (p < 0.001, d = 1.76), as well as increased gait cycle time (p < 0.001, d = 1.67) and limp (p < 0.050, d = 0.72-1.49) compared to the neuropathy group. The offloading group showed increased gait unsteadiness compared to the neuropathy group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance in our samples.

INTERPRETATION: This study demonstrated that while diabetic …

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Understanding The Independent Relationship Between Diabetes And Heart Failure, W. Tyler Crawley, Rage Geringer Md, Jason Snarr Do, Elizabeth Hicks Md, Oliwier Dziadkowiec

Internal Medicine

No abstract provided.

Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Stressful Diagnosis, Shabnam Khoie Do, Dmitriy Scherbak Do

Internal Medicine

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and biologically aggressive malignancy. The incidence of ACC is between 0.7-2 cases per million, accounting for 0.05-2% of all malignant tumors. Cortisol-producing carcinomas are the most common, with clinical features consistent with hypercortisolism: refractory hypertension, glucose intolerance, and central obesity. We present a case of a 75-year-old male with a cortisol-secreting variant of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Case Description: A 75 year-old male with a prior medical history significant for refractory hypertension on multiple anti-hypertensives including hydrochlorothiazide, type two diabetes mellitus, and untreated obstructive sleep apnea, presented to the emergency department with a blood pressure …

The Effect Of Care Coordination On Hemoglobin A1c For Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Lee Ann Hinsky

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to test the impact of care coordinator visits by primary care registered nurses on serum hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the study, the researcher compared 2 groups of type 2 diabetes patients—those who had care coordinator visits from registered nurses and those who did not—through retrospective data collection and analysis from the patients’ electronic medical record from July 2018 through December 2018. An independent samples t test was used to compare the means of the intervention and control groups’ change in HbA1c levels. The intervention and control groups …

Metabolic Dysregulation In The Atp7b-/- Wilson's Disease Mouse Model, Clavia Ruth Wooton-Kee, Matthew Robertson, Ying Zhou, Bingning Dong, Zhen Sun, Kang Ho Kim, Hailan Liu, Yong Xu, Nagireddy Putluri, Pradip Saha, Cristian Coarfa, David D Moore, Alli M Nuotio-Antar

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Inactivating mutations in the copper transporter Atp7b result in Wilson’s disease. The Atp7b−/− mouse develops hallmarks of Wilson’s disease. The activity of several nuclear receptors decreased in Atp7b−/− mice, and nuclear receptors are critical for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Therefore, we anticipated that Atp7b−/− mice would exhibit altered progression of diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, and insulin resistance. Following 10 wk on a chow or Western-type diet (40% kcal fat), parameters of glucose and lipid homeostasis were measured. Hepatic metabolites were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and correlated with transcriptomic data. Atp7b−/− mice fed a chow diet presented …

The Relationship Between Community Health Worker Supply And The Rate Of Preventable Hospitalizations Of Rural Latinos With Diabetes, Danielle O. Mapp

Honors Undergraduate Theses

The ever-increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated healthcare costs in the United States has led to our healthcare system's need for cost-effective health resources and chronic disease management. The interventions of Community Health Workers (CHWs) can cost-effectively improve population health and prevent the unnecessary utilization of some medical services especially in rural, low-income, minority populations, where there is often limited access to healthcare. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the number of total CHWs in rural counties and the mean diabetes-related preventable hospitalization rates in Latino patients diagnosed with diabetes in those rural …

Thermal Analysis Of Infrared Irradiation-Assisted Nanosecond-Pulsed Tumor Ablation, James Hornef, Chelsea M. Edelblute, Karl H. Schoenbach, Richard Heller, Siqi Guo, Chunqi Jiang

Bioelectrics Publications

Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEF) have the potential to treat a variety of cancer types including melanoma, pancreatic and lung squamous cancers. Recent studies show that nsPEF-based cancer therapy may be improved further with the assistance of moderate heating of the target. A feedbacklooped heating system, utilizing a 980-nm fiber optic laser, was integrated into nsPEF electrodes for tumor ablation. The laser beam profile was determined to be Gaussian using a knife-edge technique. Thermal properties of the biological target were evaluated based on the treatment area, penetration depth and thermal distribution due to laser irradiation with or without nsPEF. Synergistic …

Age, Gender, And Racial Differences Between Acute Myocardial Infarction, Type 2 Diabetes, And Their Comortality, Steven Borchers

Scholarship in Medicine - All Papers

Acute myocardial infarction and type two diabetes are within the top seven causes of death in the United States and their impact on society is costly. Although there are many studies conducted about these diseases, some of the research is aged and requires more recent datasets. The objective of this research is to revel trends in these diseases, as well as in their comorbidity, relating to age, gender, and race. To conduct this research, data has been collected from the CDC Wonder dataset using their comorbidity database. This comorbidity data uses USA death certificates from 1999-2017 to retrieve the medical …

Contaminants Of Emerging Concern: Reconsidering Our Paradigm Of Water Pollution, Jonathan Gunasti

Pomona Senior Theses

In this senior thesis, I explore contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and discuss the ways in which these novel contaminants defy traditional notions of pollution. I discuss the history and “emergence” of CECs and EDCs in scientific and public spheres and outline ongoing challenges to recognizing, prioritizing, and understanding the action of these contaminants. I position EDCs within the framework of environmental injustice and health disparities and suggest that these compounds could reinforce multigenerational health inequities. Finally, I perform a pilot analysis of the EDC bisphenol A (BPA) in Mt. Baldy Creek, the Los Angeles …

Low Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet Versus Aerobic Physical Activity In The Management And Treatment Of Type 2 Diabetes: A Review Paper, Nicole Weis

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: In recent decades, the number of people affected by type 2 diabetes mellitus has been a topic of interest. The wide reaching impact on both, individual and societal, healthcare costs and quality measures, begs for attention and interventions. Lifestyle modifications, such as: weight management or loss, increasing physical activity, and making healthier dietary choices, are the first line intervention. However, there are not studies that directly compare the role of a single dietary approach to a form of physical activity. Rather, different diets go head to head as well as aerobic versus resistance training. Therefore, in an attempt to …

“Get Back On The Horse And Start Over Again”: Long-Term Effects Of A Diabetes Self-Management Education (Dsme) Program In An Underserved Population, William Lonneman, Bethanne Brown, Chalee Engelhard, Kimihiro Noguchi, Grace Mcfarlane, Diane Warner, Akino Kishigawa

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective, mixed methods study is to examine the relationship between participation in an interdisciplinary diabetes self-management education (DSME) program at an urban primary health care center and patients’ perceived knowledge and skills, as well as clinical markers, on four cohorts of patients over a two-year period. Methods: Participants, mainly African-American females, responded to survey questions including self-care behaviors, perceived knowledge, and self-efficacy. The researchers also reviewed the participants’ clinical records for glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA _1c) and body mass index (BMI) data and compared these to similar patients in the health center who had …

Sirt3 Promotes Lipophagy And Chaperon-Mediated Autophagy To Protect Hepatocytes Against Lipotoxicity, Tian Zhang, Jingxin Liu, Shengnan Shen, Qiang Tong, Xiaojun Ma, Ligen Lin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Lipophagy is a lysosomal lipolytic pathway that complements the actions of cytosolic neutral lipases. Chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA) triggers lipid droplets (LDs) breakdown, to initiate lipolysis via either cytosolic lipases or macroautophagy. SIRT3, a mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, regulates the acetylation status and activity of many substrates involving in energy metabolism. However, the role of SIRT3 in regulating lipophagy is controversial. The current study showed that SIRT3 expression was decreased and the macroautophagy flux was blocked in the primary hepatocytes from high-fat diet fed mice and P/O (palmitic acid and oleic acid mixture) treated AML12 mouse hepatocytes, compared with the corresponding controls. …

A Remarkable Response Of Granulomatous Hypophysitis To Infliximab In A Patient With A Background Of Crohn's Disease-A Case Report, Bahar K Force, Tiphanie P Vogel, Dang M Nguyen, Kent A Heck, Sherly Sebastian, Mas Takashima, Daniel Yoshor, Susan L Samson

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Associated Data

Aromatase Inhibitors Plus Weight Loss Improves The Hormonal Profile Of Obese Hypogonadal Men Without Causing Major Side Effects, Georgia Colleluori, Rui Chen, Christie G Turin, Francesca Vigevano, Clifford Qualls, Biju Johnson, Sanjay Mediwala, Dennis T Villareal, Reina Armamento-Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: In obese men, the increased expression of the aromatase enzyme in adipose tissue leads to high conversion of androgens to estrogens contributing to hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HHG). Our objective is to evaluate efficacy and safety of weight loss (WL) plus aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy in severely obese men with HHG. We hypothesize that AI+WL will be more effective as compared to WL alone in improving the hormonal profile, thus muscle strength and symptoms of HHG (primary outcomes), with no significant adverse effects on lean mass, metabolic profile, and bone mineral density (secondary outcomes).

Design: Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled pilot trial.

Methods: …