Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition Commons^™

Randomized Controlled Trial Of A Novel Lifestyle Intervention Used With Or Without Meal Replacements In Work Sites, Sai Krupa Das, Rachel E Silver, Taylor A Vail, Meghan K Chin, Caroline M Blanchard, Stephanie L Dickinson, Xiwei Chen, Lisa Ceglia, Edward Saltzman, David B Allison, Susan B Roberts

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: Lifestyle interventions have had limited effectiveness in work sites when evaluated in randomized trials. This study assessed the effectiveness of a novel lifestyle intervention for weight loss (Healthy Weight for Living [HWL]) implemented with or without meal replacements (MR) in work sites. HWL used a new behavioral approach emphasizing reducing hunger and building healthy food preferences, and, unlike traditional lifestyle interventions, it did not require calorie counting.

Methods: Twelve work sites were randomized to an 18-month intervention (n = 8; randomization within work sites to HWL, HWL + MR) or 6-month wait-listed control (n = 4). Participants were employees …

Plasma Protein Biomarkers Of Healthy Dietary Patterns: Results From The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study And The Framingham Heart Study, Shutong Du, Jingsha Chen, Hyunju Kim, Maura E Walker, Alice H Lichtenstein, Nilanjan Chatterjee, Peter Ganz, Bing Yu, Ramachandran S Vasan, Josef Coresh, Casey M Rebholz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: Molecular mechanisms underlying the benefits of healthy dietary patterns are poorly understood. Identifying protein biomarkers of dietary patterns can contribute to characterizing biological pathways influenced by food intake.

Objectives: This study aimed to identify protein biomarkers associated with four indexes of healthy dietary patterns: Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015); Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010); DASH diet; and alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED).

Methods: Analyses were conducted on 10,490 Black and White men and women aged 49-73 y from the ARIC study at visit 3 (1993-1995). Dietary intake data were collected using a food frequency questionnaire, and plasma proteins were quantified using …

Sex-Specific Associations Between Urinary Bisphenols Concentrations During Pregnancy And Problematic Child Behaviors At Age 2 Years, Sarah Dee Geiger, Salma Musaad, Jennifer Hill, Andréa Aguiar, Susan Schantz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Effects of prenatal bisphenol A (BPA) exposure on child behavior are mixed with some reports suggesting increased problematic behaviors in girls (e.g., aggression and emotional reactivity) and in boys (i.e., externalizing behaviors), while other reports suggest decreased problematic behaviors in girls. Little is known about the potential impact of pregnancy bisphenol S (BPS) exposure on child behavior. In a prospective cohort study (n=68), five maternal spot urine samples collected across pregnancy were pooled and analyzed for BPA and BPS. Child behavior at 2 years was assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Linear regression models were used to assess associations …

Soy Isoflavones Decrease Fibroglandular Breast Tissue Measured By Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Premenopausal Women: A 2-Year Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial, Lee-Jane W Lu, Nai-Wei Chen, Donald G Brunder, Fatima Nayeem, Manubai Nagamani, Thomas K Nishino, Karl E Anderson, Tuenchit Khamapirad

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Populations consuming soy have reduced risk for breast cancer, but the mechanisms are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that soy isoflavones, which have ovarian hormone-like effects, can reduce fibroglandular breast tissue (FGBT, 'breast density'), a strong risk marker for breast cancer.

METHODS: Premenopausal women (age 30-42 years) were randomized to consume isoflavones (136.6 mg as aglycone equivalents, n = 99) or placebo (n = 98) for 5 days per week up to 2 years, and changes in breast composition measured by magnetic resonance imaging at baseline and yearly intervals were compared after square root transformation using linear …

Dietary And Complementary Feeding Practices Of Us Infants, 6 To 12 Months: A Narrative Review Of The Federal Nutrition Monitoring Data, Regan L Bailey, Jaime S Stang, Teresa A Davis, Timothy S Naimi, Barbara O Schneeman, Kathryn G Dewey, Sharon M Donovan, Rachel Novotny, Ronald E Kleinman, Elsie M Taveras, Lydia Bazzano, Linda G Snetselaar, Janet De Jesus, Kellie O Casavale, Eve E Stoody, Joseph D Goldman, Alanna J Moshfegh, Donna G Rhodes, Kirsten A Herrick, Kristin Koegel, Cria G Perrine, Tusarebecca Pannucci

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Complementary foods and beverages (CFBs) are key components of an infant’s diet in the second 6 months of life. This article summarizes nutrition and feeding practices examined by the 2020 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees during the CFB life stage. Breastfeeding initiation is high (84%), but exclusive breastfeeding at 6 months (26%) is below the Healthy People 2030 goal (42%). Most infants (51%) are introduced to CFBs sometime before 6 months. The primary mode of feeding (ie, human milk fed [HMF]; infant formula or mixed formula and human milk fed [FMF]) at the initiation of CFBs is associated with the timing …

Human Loss-Of-Function Variants In The Serotonin 2c Receptor Associated With Obesity And Maladaptive Behavior, Yang He, Bas Brouwers, Hesong Liu, Hailan Liu, Katherine Lawler, Edson Mendes De Oliveira, Dong-Kee Lee, Yongjie Yang, Aaron R Cox, Julia M Keogh, Elana Henning, Rebecca Bounds, Aliki Perdikari, Vikram Ayinampudi, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Nikolas A Scarcelli, Zili Yan, Kristine M Conde, Camille Potts, Jonathan C Bean, Mengjie Wang, Sean M Hartig, Lan Liao, Jianming Xu, Inês Barroso, Jacek Mokrosinski, Yong Xu, I Sadaf Farooqi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and receptor agonists are used to treat obesity, anxiety and depression. Here we studied the role of the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT2CR) in weight regulation and behavior. Using exome sequencing of 2,548 people with severe obesity and 1,117 control individuals without obesity, we identified 13 rare variants in the gene encoding 5-HT2CR (HTR2C) in 19 unrelated people (3 males and 16 females). Eleven variants caused a loss of function in HEK293 cells. All people who carried variants had hyperphagia and some degree of maladaptive behavior. Knock-in male mice harboring a human loss-of-function HTR2C variant developed …

Criterion Validity Of A Short Food Frequency Questionnaire For Mexican American Adults, Natalia I Heredia, Deanna M Hoelscher, Vanessa Vega, Belinda M Reininger

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background: The purpose of this study was to validate the School Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) for Mexican American adults (SPAN MAA). Methods: A sample of 100 Mexican American adult participants was drawn from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort (on the Texas–Mexico border). We used Spearman rank order correlation coefficients, kappa statistics, and percent agreement to compare the SPAN MAA questionnaire to a 24 h recall collected on the same day. Results: Of 100 participants, 93 were included in the analyses. One item showed substantial (>0.6), five items moderate (>0.4), five items fair ( …

Variation In Human Water Turnover Associated With Environmental And Lifestyle Factors, Yosuke Yamada, Xueying Zhang, Mary E T Henderson, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Herman Pontzer, Daiki Watanabe, Tsukasa Yoshida, Misaka Kimura, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Richard Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Simon Eaton, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Lewis G Halsey, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, William E Kraus, Wantanee Kriengsinyos, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M Redman, John J Reilly, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Luis B Sardinha, Analiza M Silva, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack A Yanovski, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Motohiko Miyachi, Dale A Schoeller, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lack access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5,604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 26 countries using isotope tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People in countries with low human development index (HDI) …

Increased Circulating Cortisol After Vaginal Birth Is Associated With Increased Fgf19 Secretion In Neonatal Pigs, Caitlin Vonderohe, Gregory Guthrie, Barbara Stoll, Valeria Melendez Hebib, Harry Dawson, Douglas Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The influence of birth modality (scheduled cesarean or spontaneous vaginal) on the development of the newborn has been a source of controversy in neonatology. The impact of cesarean vs vaginal birth on the development of bile acid and fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) signaling is unknown. Our aim was to determine the effect of birth modality and gestational age (preterm vs term) on plasma hormone levels, bile acid pool distribution, expression of genes in the bile acid-FXR-FGF19 pathway, and plasma levels of FGF19 at birth and on day 3 of life in neonatal pigs. Four sows underwent cesarean delivery on …

Variability In Energy Expenditure Is Much Greater In Males Than Females, Lewis G Halsey, Vincent Careau, Herman Pontzer, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, Yosuke Yamada, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

In mammals, trait variation is often reported to be greater among males than females. However, to date, mainly only morphological traits have been studied. Energy expenditure represents the metabolic costs of multiple physical, physiological, and behavioral traits. Energy expenditure could exhibit particularly high greater male variation through a cumulative effect if those traits mostly exhibit greater male variation, or a lack of greater male variation if many of them do not. Sex differences in energy expenditure variation have been little explored. We analyzed a large database on energy expenditure in adult humans (1494 males and 3108 females) to investigate whether …

External Validation Of A Prediction Model For Estimating Fat Mass In Children And Adolescents In 19 Countries: Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis, Mohammed T Hudda, Jonathan C K Wells, Linda S Adair, Jose R A Alvero-Cruz, Maxine N Ashby-Thompson, Martha N Ballesteros-Vásquez, Jesus Barrera-Exposito, Benjamin Caballero, Elvis A Carnero, Geoff J Cleghorn, Peter S W Davies, Malgorzata Desmond, Delan Devakumar, Dympna Gallagher, Elvia V Guerrero-Alcocer, Ferdinand Haschke, Mary Horlick, Houda Ben Jemaa, Ashraful I Khan, Amani Mankai, Makama A Monyeki, Hilde L Nashandi, Luis Ortiz-Hernandez, Guy Plasqui, Felipe F Reichert, Alma E Robles-Sardin, Elaine Rush, Roman J Shypailo, Jakub G Sobiecki, Gill A Ten Hoor, Jesús Valdés, V Pujitha Wickramasinghe, William W Wong, Richard D Riley, Christopher G Owen, Peter H Whincup, Claire M Nightingale

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To evaluate the performance of a UK based prediction model for estimating fat-free mass (and indirectly fat mass) in children and adolescents in non-UK settings.

Design: Individual participant data meta-analysis.

Setting: 19 countries.

Participants: 5693 children and adolescents (49.7% boys) aged 4 to 15 years with complete data on the predictors included in the UK based model (weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity) and on the independently assessed outcome measure (fat-free mass determined by deuterium dilution assessment).

Main outcome measures: The outcome of the UK based prediction model was natural log transformed fat-free mass (lnFFM). Predictive performance statistics of …

A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis On Prevalence Of And Risk Factors Associated With Depression, Anxiety And Insomnia In Infectious Diseases, Including Covid-19: A Call To Action, Kai Yuan, Yong-Bo Zheng, Yi-Jie Wang, Yan-Kun Sun, Yi-Miao Gong, Yue-Tong Huang, Xuan Chen, Xiao-Xing Liu, Yi Zhong, Si-Zhen Su, Nan Gao, Yi-Long Lu, Zhe Wang, Wei-Jian Liu, Jian-Yu Que, Ying-Bo Yang, An-Yi Zhang, Meng-Ni Jing, Chen-Wei Yuan, Na Zeng, Michael V Vitiello, Vikram Patel, Seena Fazel, Harry Minas, Graham Thornicroft, Teng-Teng Fan, Xiao Lin, Wei Yan, Le Shi, Jie Shi, Thomas Kosten, Yan-Ping Bao, Lin Lu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Infectious disease epidemics have become more frequent and more complex during the 21st century, posing a health threat to the general public and leading to psychological symptoms. The current study was designed to investigate the prevalence of and risk factors associated with depression, anxiety and insomnia symptoms during epidemic outbreaks, including COVID-19. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, OVID, Medline, Cochrane databases, bioRxiv and medRxiv to identify studies that reported the prevalence of depression, anxiety or insomnia during infectious disease epidemics, up to August 14th, 2020. Prevalence of mental symptoms among different populations including the general public, …

French-Fried Potato Consumption And Energy Balance: A Randomized Controlled Trial, Daniel L Smith, Rebecca L Hanson, Stephanie L Dickinson, Xiwei Chen, Amy M Goss, John B Cleek, W Timothy Garvey, David B Allison

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Epidemiologic observations suggest increased potato consumption correlates with weight gain, adiposity, and diabetes risk, whereas nut consumption is associated with weight control and metabolic health. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) data indicate humans respond to changes in energy intake in single dietary components and compensate for extra energy consumed.

Objectives: We completed an RCT testing whether increased daily potato consumption influences energy balance [specifically, fat mass (FM)] compared with calorie-matched almond consumption.

Methods: A 30-d RCT of 180 adults prescribed calorie-matched (300 kcal/d, n = 60 participants/group) than consumed 1 of the following: 1) almonds (almond group), 2) French fries …

Anthropometric Measures Correspond With Functional Motor Outcomes In Females With Rett Syndrome, Kathleen J Motil, Suzanne Geerts, Fran Annese, Jeffrey L Neul, Tim Benke, Eric Marsh, David Lieberman, Steven A Skinner, Daniel G Glaze, Peter Heydemann, Arthur Beisang, Shannon Standridge, Robin Ryther, Jane B Lane, Lloyd Edwards, Alan K Percy

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To characterize growth and anthropometric measurements in females with Rett syndrome and compare these measurements with functional outcomes.

Study design: We obtained longitudinal growth and anthropometric measurements from 1154 females with classic and atypical Rett syndrome seen between 2006 and 2019 in the US Natural History Study. We calculated the Clinical Severity Score, Motor Behavior Assessment score, and arm and leg muscle areas and recorded the functional assessments of arm and hand use and ambulation. We compared growth and anthropometric variables from females with Rett syndrome in regard to normative data. We analyzed Clinical Severity Score, Motor Behavior Assessment, …

Organ Fat In Latino Youth At Risk For Type 2 Diabetes, Janiel L Pimentel, Kiley B Vander Wyst, Erica G Soltero, Armando Peña, Houchun H Hu, Smita S Bailey, Amber Pokorney, Stephanie L Ayers, Ana Martinez Valencia, Micah L Olson, Gabriel Q Shaibi

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Purpose: Obesity in youth increases the risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and elevated abdominal adipose tissue and organ fat may be particularly deleterious. The purpose of this study was to examine associations among measures of adiposity including total, visceral, and organ fat (hepatic and pancreatic) and whether these measures were independently associated with glycemia in Latino youth at risk for diabetes.

Methods: Latino adolescents (47 boys and 32 girls, 13.7 ± 1.4 years) with obesity (BMIz 2.3 ± 0.3) were assessed for total fat by DXA and visceral and organ fat by 3 T magnetic resonance imaging. Glycemic indicators …

Skeletal Muscle Mass Recovery Early After Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation In Patients With Advanced Systolic Heart Failure, Amanda R Vest, William W Wong, Joronia Chery, Alex Coston, Laura Telfer, Matthew Lawrence, Didjana Celkupa, Michael S Kiernan, Gregory Couper, Masashi Kawabori, Edward Saltzman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Patients with advanced systolic heart failure are at risk of unintentional weight loss and muscle wasting. It has been observed that left ventricular assist device (LVAD) recipients gain weight after device implantation, although it is unknown whether this represents skeletal muscle mass gains. We aimed to determine whether skeletal muscle mass increases early during LVAD support.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 30 adults with systolic heart failure ±21 days from LVAD implantation. Participants underwent whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry to measure fat free mass, appendicular lean mass (ALM, lean mass in the arms and legs) and fat mass. Dual X-ray absorptiometry …

A D2 To D1 Shift In Dopaminergic Inputs To Midbrain 5-Ht Neurons Causes Anorexia In Mice, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Bing Feng, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Yongjie Yang, Longlong Tu, Nan Zhang, Lina Wang, Na Yin, Junying Han, Zili Yan, Chunmei Wang, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Yanlin He, Yong Xu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Midbrain dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) neurons regulate motivated behaviors, including feeding, but less is known about how these circuits may interact. In this study, we found that DA neurons in the mouse ventral tegmental area bidirectionally regulate the activity of 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), with weaker stimulation causing DRD2-dependent inhibition and overeating, while stronger stimulation causing DRD1-dependent activation and anorexia. Furthermore, in the activity-based anorexia (ABA) paradigm, which is a mouse model mimicking some clinical features of human anorexia nervosa (AN), we observed a DRD2 to DRD1 shift of DA neurotransmission on 5-HT

Food Assistance Use Among Food Bank Clients Affected By Type 2 Diabetes, Eliza Short, Jayati Sharma, Debbe I Thompson, Douglas Taren, Rhonda Gonzalez, Melanie Hingle

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Objective: To understand the perspectives of food bank clients affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Design: Semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with food bank clients.

Setting: Arizona regional food bank.

Participants: Twenty English- and Spanish-speaking food bank clients with T2DM or living with a person with T2DM, aged 45-83 years, majority female, Hispanic, and food insecure.

Phenomenon of interest: Food bank use and preferences, and how these related to T2DM management.

Analysis: A hybrid thematic analysis combining inductive and deductive reasoning.

Results: Three organizing themes emerged from the analysis. First, food assistance was influenced by food preferences and the ability to …

Prevalence Of Metabolic Syndrome Among The Adult Population In Western China And The Association With Socioeconomic And Individual Factors: Four Cross-Sectional Studies, Xinyin Xu, Jing Zeng, Wei Yang, Ting Dong, Xin Zhang, Shuwen Cheng, Xiaobo Zhou, Maigeng Zhou, Ling Niu, Guanghui Yi, You Li, Lishi Zhang, Yin Deng, Xianping Wu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objectives: This study explored the prevalence of and individual influencing factors for metabolic syndrome (MS) as well as associated socioeconomic factors and regional aggregation.

Design: Four cross-sectional surveys were analysed for trends in MS and associations with socioeconomic and individual factors through multilevel logistic regression analyses. The risk associated with nutrient intake was also assessed through a dietary survey in 2015.

Setting: From 2010 to 2018, 8-15 counties/districts of West China were included.

Participants: A total of 28 274 adults were included in the prevalence analysis. A total of 23 708 adults were used to analyse the related factors.

Results: …

Style Of Meal Service And Feeding Practices Among Mexican American Fathers And Mothers: An Analysis Of Video-Recorded Children’S Evening Mealtime At Home, Carlos Penilla, Jeanne M Tschann, Lauri A Pasch, Elena Flores, Julianna Deardorff, Suzanna M Martinez, Nancy F Butte, Louise C Greenspan

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The aim of this study was to examine video-recorded observations of evening family mealtime at home among Mexican American children to help elucidate style of meal service, fathers' and mothers' feeding practices and child's eating behavior. Consistent with guidelines for coding behaviors, we analyzed observational data of evening mealtimes of 71 Mexican American children aged eight to 10 years. Regarding style of meal service, in almost all cases (96%), parents plated the child's food, with more available on the table or counter in 40% of the observations. Mothers almost always served the child (94%). Regarding parental feeding practices, parents used …

Longitudinal Changes In Vascular Stiffness And Heart Rate Variability Among Young Adults With Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes: Results From The Follow-Up Observational Treatment Options For Type 2 Diabetes In Adolescents And Youth (Today) Study, Amy S Shah, Laure El Ghormli, Samuel S Gidding, Kara S Hughan, Lorraine E Levitt Katz, Dorit Koren, Jeanie B Tryggestad, Fida Bacha, Barbara H Braffett, Silva Arslanian, Elaine M Urbina

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Aims: (1) To describe changes in arterial stiffness and heart rate variability (HRV) over a 5-year interval, (2) examine changes by sex and race-ethnicity, and (3) evaluate the risk factors associated with the longitudinal changes in arterial stiffness and HRV.

Methods: Participants with youth-onset type 2 diabetes enrolled in the observational follow-up phase of the Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) clinical trial had arterial stiffness [(pulse wave velocity, augmentation index, brachial distensibility] and six indices of HRV measured 5 years apart. Multivariable linear regression models assessed risk factors associated with changes in the outcomes …

Total Energy Expenditure Is Repeatable In Adults But Not Associated With Short-Term Changes In Body Composition, Rebecca Rimbach, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Anderson, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai Krupa Das, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, Klaas R Westerterp, William W Wong, John R Speakman, Herman Pontzer

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Low total energy expenditure (TEE, MJ/d) has been a hypothesized risk factor for weight gain, but repeatability of TEE, a critical variable in longitudinal studies of energy balance, is understudied. We examine repeated doubly labeled water (DLW) measurements of TEE in 348 adults and 47 children from the IAEA DLW Database (mean ± SD time interval: 1.9 ± 2.9 y) to assess repeatability of TEE, and to examine if TEE adjusted for age, sex, fat-free mass, and fat mass is associated with changes in weight or body composition. Here, we report that repeatability of TEE is high for adults, but …

Maternal Feeding Styles And Child Appetitive Traits: Direction Of Effects In Hispanic Families With Low Incomes, Maria A Papaioannou, Nilda Micheli, Thomas G Power, Teresia M O'Connor, Jennifer Orlet Fisher, Sheryl O Hughes

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Feeding styles of parents have been associated with dietary quality/intake and weight outcomes; however, much of the research to date has been cross sectional and the direction of influence unclear. This prospective longitudinal study evaluated the direction of effects between feeding styles and child appetitive traits over time in a sample of 129 Hispanic parent/child dyads that participated in a larger study. Data analyzed for the current study were collected when the children were 4-5 years old and again at ages 7-9 years. Parents (all mothers) reported on their feeding styles and children's appetitive traits using well-established questionnaires. Cross-lagged panel …

Gabra5 Plays A Sexually Dimorphic Role In Pomc Neuron Activity And Glucose Balance, Zhou Pei, Yang He, Jonathan C Bean, Yongjie Yang, Hailan Liu, Meng Yu, Kaifan Yu, Ilirjana Hyseni, Xing Cai, Hesong Liu, Na Qu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Na Yin, Nan Zhang, Junying Han, Camille Hs Potts, Nikolas A Scarcelli, Zili Yan, Pingwen Xu, Qi Wu, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are important for the regulation of body weight and glucose balance. The inhibitory tone to POMC neurons is mediated primarily by the GABA receptors. However, the detailed mechanisms and functions of GABA receptors are not well understood. The α5 subunit of GABAA receptor, Gabra5, is reported to regulate feeding, and we found that Gabra5 is highly expressed in POMC neurons. To explore the function of Gabra5 in POMC neurons, we knocked down Gabra5 specifically from mature hypothalamic POMC neurons using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 strategy. This POMC-specific knock-down of Gabra5 did not affect …

Associations Of Prenatal Phthalate Exposure With Neurobehavioral Outcomes In 45- And 75-Month-Old Infants, Jenna L N Sprowles, Kelsey L C Dzwilewski, Francheska M Merced-Nieves, Salma M A Musaad, Susan L Schantz, Sarah D Geiger

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Phthalates are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals, and research indicates that prenatal exposure to some phthalates may affect neurodevelopment. In a prospective birth cohort study, five first-morning urine samples collected across pregnancy were pooled and the following phthalate biomarkers assessed: sum of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate metabolites (ΣDEHP), sum of diisononyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDINP), sum of dibutyl phthalate metabolites (ΣDBP), sum of anti-androgenic metabolites (ΣAA), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), and sum of all phthalate metabolites (ΣAll). The Ages & Stages Questionnaires® (ASQ), a standardized parent-reported, age-adapted screening tool, measured communication, personal-social, problem solving, and motor domains in infants at 4.5 and 7.5 months (n = …

Tissue-Specific Mechanisms Of Bile Acid Homeostasis And Activation Of Fxr-Fgf19 Signaling In Preterm And Term Neonatal Pigs, Caitlin Vonderohe, Greg Guthrie, Barbara Stoll, Shaji Chacko, Harry Dawson, Douglas G Burrin

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

The tissue-specific molecular mechanisms involved in perinatal liver and intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) signaling are poorly defined. Our aim was to establish how gestational age and feeding status affect bile acid synthesis pathway, bile acid pool size, ileal response to bile acid stimulation, genes involved in bile acid-FXR-FGF19 signaling and plasma FGF19 in neonatal pigs. Term (n = 23) and preterm (n = 33) pigs were born via cesarean section at 100% and 90% gestation, respectively. Plasma FGF19, hepatic bile acid and oxysterol profiles, and FXR target gene expression were assessed in pigs …

A Staged Approach To Address Youth Unresponsive To Initial Obesity Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Katherine R Arlinghaus, Daniel P O'Connor, Tracey A Ledoux, Sheryl O Hughes, Craig A Johnston

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/objective: Maintenance interventions inherently require BMI improvement to maintain. This overlooks individuals initially unresponsive to obesity interventions. Staged pediatric clinical treatment guidelines were adapted to the school setting to develop an escalated treatment option for individuals initially unresponsive. This staged randomized controlled trial examined differences between escalated treatment (Take CHARGE!) and a maintenance program (PE Planners). Take CHARGE was hypothesized to have greater improvements in BMI as a percentage of the 95th BMI Percentile (%BMIp95) than PE Planners.

Subjects/methods: From 2018 to 2020, 171 middle and high schoolers (BMI Percentile ≥ 85) were recruited from a Houston school district to …

Intermittent Bolus Feeding Does Not Enhance Protein Synthesis, Myonuclear Accretion, Or Lean Growth More Than Continuous Feeding In A Premature Piglet Model, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Barbara Stoll, Candace C Style, Mariatu A Verla, Oluyinka O Olutoye, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Optimizing enteral nutrition for premature infants may help mitigate extrauterine growth restriction and adverse chronic health outcomes. Previously, we showed in neonatal pigs born at term that lean growth is enhanced by intermittent bolus compared with continuous feeding. The objective was to determine if prematurity impacts how body composition, muscle protein synthesis, and myonuclear accretion respond to feeding modality. Following preterm delivery, pigs were fed equivalent amounts of formula delivered either as intermittent boluses (INT; n = 30) or continuously (CONT; n = 14) for 21 days. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and muscle growth was …

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Food Distribution At Emergency Food Assistance Organizations In The Southwestern United States: A Qualitative Investigation, Alexandra N Castro, Mamie A White, Ariun Ishdorj, Debbe Thompson, Jayna M Dave

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

This study aimed to identify changes in food distribution operations at emergency food assistance organizations (EFAOs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. EFAOs across the Houston metro area, TX (human service centers and food pantries) as well as the Houston Food Bank (HFB) participated in the qualitative study. Data were collected via individual semi-structured interviews and focus group (December 2020–February 2021), and coded using semi-structured thematic analysis. Categories were pre-identified based on the interview questions. Direct quotes supported subcategories. Directors from 18 EFAOs were interviewed; 8 HFB leadership staff participated in a focus group. Four major categories of change due to COVID-19 …

Physical Activity And Fat-Free Mass During Growth And In Later Life, Klaas R Westerterp, Yosuke Yamada, Hiroyuki Sagayama, Philip N Ainslie, Lene F Andersen, Liam J Anderson, Lenore Arab, Issaad Baddou, Kweku Bedu-Addo, Ellen E Blaak, Stephane Blanc, Alberto G Bonomi, Carlijn V C Bouten, Pascal Bovet, Maciej S Buchowski, Nancy F Butte, Stefan G J A Camps, Graeme L Close, Jamie A Cooper, Sai K Das, Richard Cooper, Lara R Dugas, Ulf Ekelund, Sonja Entringer, Terrence Forrester, Barry W Fudge, Annelies H Goris, Michael Gurven, Catherine Hambly, Asmaa El Hamdouchi, Marije B Hoos, Sumei Hu, Noorjehan Joonas, Annemiek M Joosen, Peter Katzmarzyk, Kitty P Kempen, Misaka Kimura, William E Kraus, Robert F Kushner, Estelle V Lambert, William R Leonard, Nader Lessan, Corby K Martin, Anine C Medin, Erwin P Meijer, James C Morehen, James P Morton, Marian L Neuhouser, Theresa A Nicklas, Robert M Ojiambo, Kirsi H Pietiläinen, Yannis P Pitsiladis, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Guy Plasqui, Ross L Prentice, Roberto A Rabinovich, Susan B Racette, David A Raichlen, Eric Ravussin, Rebecca M Reynolds, Susan B Roberts, Albertine J Schuit, Anders M Sjödin, Eric Stice, Samuel S Urlacher, Giulio Valenti, Ludo M Van Etten, Edgar A Van Mil, Jonathan C K Wells, George Wilson, Brian M Wood, Jack Yanovski, Tsukasa Yoshida, Xueying Zhang, Alexia J Murphy-Alford, Cornelia U Loechl, Amy H Luke, Herman Pontzer, Jennifer Rood, Dale A Schoeller, William W Wong, John R Speakman

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical …