Dentistry Commons^™

Temporomandibular Joint Relations Of Bone And Lateral Pterygoid Muscle : A Computerized Tomography Study, Duane K. Yamashiro

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study utilized the imaging technique of computerized tomography (CT). Scans taken with a GE CT/N 8800 scanner of an adult cadaver and a 12-patient group were obtained through the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, TMJ Department, and Loma Linda University Medical Center, Department of Neuroradiology.

The lateral scout image and a lateral cephalogram of the cadaver were compared using six angular measurements for facial type from Ricketts' Cephalometric Analysis. The six measurements, Maxillary Depth, Facial Depth, Mandibular Arc, Mandibular Plane, Lower Face Height and Facial Axis, were found to be similar. This allowed the investigator to rely exclusively …

A Comparison Of Indirect Lingual Bracket Placement By Practitioners And A Commercial Laboratory As It Relates To Crown Torque, Randy E. Buchmiller

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four sets of patient models were selected from the eighty cases Ormco Corporation used in the development of their lingual bonded appliance. These four sets of models were duplicated and identical sets of four models were sent to each practitioner and the laboratory. The practitioners and the laboratory were to position the lingual brackets on the models from second bicuspid to second bicuspid upper and lower and return them to Loma Linda University Department of Orthodontics for evaluation.

The laboratory chosen for placement of the brackets was the Ormco laboratory in Glendora, California. The laboratory ran these four cases through …

Cephalometric Changes In The Soft Tissue Chin After Orthodontic Treatment, Ruchi Nanda Singh

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was performed to cephalometrically assess the soft tissue chin changes from orthodontic treatment and after 5 years post-treatment. Variability in the soft tissue chin structure between the different facial types and between the sexes was also evaluated.

Sixty patients, treated by Dr. Ricketts, were selected from the Rocky Mountain Data system files. Pretreatment, post-treatment and 5 year post-treatment cephalograms were taken on each patient and the soft tissue chin thickness was measured at six points around the symphysis. Means and standard deviations were calculated for each point on the symphysis by sex and facial type.

The post-treatment data …

Third Molar Eruption Prediction, Michael L. Jacobsen

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The diagnosis and treatment of third molars has often been cited as a special problem to the orthodontist. If the prognosis of third molars could be determined, orthodontic treatment could progress on a more positive basis.

This study was designed to provide a method of deciding whether developing third molars will erupt or become impacted.

Records from 130 orthodontically treated cases of Dr. Fredsall⁸ were studied. Several factors were evaluated and measured using the patients' cephalometric radiographs.

The actual fate of the third molars were recorded in the hope it could be used to predict what to expect from …

A Comparison Of The Nance Holding Arch And Kloehn Headgear In Maxilliary Molar Anchorage, Michael J. Fillman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A sample of thirty first bicuspid extraction patients, ages 9 through adult, were evaluated for maxillary molar anchorage loss during cuspid retraction. The Nance Holding Arch and Kloehn cervical headgear were compared as anchorage devices. A control group received no anchorage mechanics during cuspid retraction. All cuspids were retracted with Hilger's loop retractors.

Anchorage loss was measured cephalometrically by comparing the difference in the 6 to PTV measurement on the initial and post cuspid retraction lateral head films.

Anchorage loss, as the dependent variable, was compared to the study groups, Angle class, facial type, treatment length, palatal angle and distance …

An Evaluation Of 17-4 Precipitation-Hardenable Stainless Steel Alloy For Use As An Orthodontic Wire, Martin G. Martz

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

17-4 precipitation-hardenable stainless steel, a high strength alloy developed for aircraft applications, has been examined for possible use in orthodontics. The effects of solution treatment, various refrigeration treatments, and various aging treatments on standard tensile properties were measured. Comparisons were made with the tensile properties of 18-8 stainless steel and a Co-Cr alloy presently used in orthodontics.

Solution treatment was found to decrease ultimate strength by 37.8%, 0.2% yield strength by 45.9%, and (YS)/E ratio by 36.7%, while having almost no effect on elastic modulus or percentage elongation. Refrigeration treatments had statistically significant but small effects on tensile properties. Aging …

Effects Of Stress Relief To Decrease Force Loss In Retraction Springs, Richard Earl Dunn

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Orthodontic wire may be heat treated to relieve residual stresses resulting from the formation of bent configurations. This study utilized electronic equipment to detect and record the initial amount of activation force, and the amount of force lost due to the intrinsic properties of the wire. The information was gathered at three hour intervals over fifteen one-week periods. The data were statistically analyzed by a computer to deter mine means and standard deviations. A general linear hypothesis was utilized to test covariants and the main effects.

A total of forty-eight wires were tested. Closed he lix retraction springs fabricated from …

Mandibular Repositioning With Frankel Appliance Therapy, Clark E. Schneekluth

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A sample of twelve Frankel appliance (FR-2) treated patients, in the mixed dentition stage, were selectively chosen by an orthodontist based on the Class II correction and evaluated from before treatment and end of treatment laminagraphic and lateral cephalometric radiographs. The average treatment period was 22 months (1 yr. 10 mos.). The average pre-treatment age was 9.5 years with a range from 8 to 11 years old, while the average post-treatment age was 11.3 years with a range of 10 to 13 years.

Frankel appliance therapy was the only form of mechanics used in this study.

The before treatment lateral …

Orthodontic Information Systems : A Developmental Study, Gary D. Sheldon

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The intent of this study was to design and implement a computer-based orthodontic system providing an integrated information environment throughout the entire patient treatment process.

Total system integration was achieved by restructuring the entire information gathering process. A complete, evaluation of patient diagnosis and treatment evaluation procedures established five major information categories and a critical information list for proper patient management. Information organization was outlined to provide a logical progression in the information gathering process and patient chart forms were designed to implement this. Defining the computer system's performance identified three functions as follows: 1) entry and editing of individual …

A Correlation Of Subjective Ranking Of Facial Esthetics And The Golden Section Analysis, Timothy Robin York

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The objective of this study was to determine if faces which fit the golden sections as proposed by Ricketts were considered more esthetic to the layman than faces which did not fit the golden sections as well.

Frontal facial photographs of 92 individuals from the normal occlusion sample of Andrews were measured for facial proportions according to Ricketts application of the golden section. Seven facial proportions were computed from the photographs. Ten photographs were selected, five of males and five of females, representing a range of mean percent deviation from the golden section proportion (1.618). Randomly arranged sets of these …

Healing Following Two Different Surgical Approaches To Treating Deep Periodontal Intraosseous Defects, A. Durwin H. Chamberlain

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Surgical treatment of deep periodontal pockets associated with intraosseous defects has traditionally been performed either with or without resection of the osseous defect. A non-resective approach may provide more gain of attachment while a resective approach may give better pocket reduction. The increased pocket reduction following osseous resection is probably accomplished at the expense of some attachment loss in areas involved by the surgical procedure. Previous studies have compared periodontal surgery with and without osseous resection (i.e. Rosling et al. 1976, Knowles et al. 1979 and Smith et al. 1980). However, the effect of osseous resection does not seem to …

A Comparison Of Two Rapid Palatal Expansion Appliances And Their Effect On Palatal Cross-Sectional Area, William D. Scott

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Two rapid palatal expansion appliances, acrylic-free and acrylic-reinforced, were compared for their effect on the cross-sectional area of the palate. Two groups, twenty-five patients in each, were selected so that they would match as closely as possible with regards to age and sex distribution. The pre-treatment and post-treatment maxillary models were duplicated, and this duplicate model was then trimmed in a specific manner to allow the cross-sectional area between the first permanent molars to be compared. The results indicate that there is no difference, at the five percent level of significance, between these two appliances. It is concluded that the …

Observation Of Bone Formation In The Mandibular Symphysis Following Surgical Separation And Slow Mechanical Expansion In A Baboon, Robert J. Homer

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Mechanical expansion of the maxilla, at the midline suture, is a widely accepted orthodontic procedure used to gain arch width in certain types of maxillary deficient arches.

In animal research on the mandible, techniques using surgical separation at the symphysis with immediate expansion up to 12 mm, fixation with a metal splint, and autogenous bone transplanted into the expanded area, have been reported to be successful.

To date, no experiment utilizing slow mechanical expansion of the mandible at the symphysis has been reported.

In this pilot study, the mandible of a female baboon was surgically separated A-P at the symphysis. …

A Correlation Study Of Facial Soft Tissue Proportions (Golden Sections) And Cephalometric Measurements Of Golden Sections And The Eleven Factor Analysis, Russell Andrew Sutliff

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Frontal photographs on a total of one hundred and three individuals who had been treated by Dr. Ricketts, and had been involved in a prior study at Rocky Mountain Data Systems, were evaluated for facial proportions according to Ricketts application of Pythagoras' golden section. Seven facial proportions were analyzed from 1:1 retention phase frontal photographs. Forty individuals, made up of twenty-two females and eighteen males, 12.2 to 21.0 years of age, were selected and divided into two groups of twenty each, according to their soft tissue facial proportions. A range of acceptability for the facial proportions was derived. Proportions within …

Activator Growth Augmentation : A Long-Term Perspective, William Emmerson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A sample of twenty-three activator treated patients, in the growth years up to age eighteen were evaluated at three time intervals, before treatment, end of treatment, and five years post-treatment. The average time period of the post-treatment evaluation period was 5.7 years after the end of active therapy. The patients' ages ranged from 8.4 to 13.3 years at the beginning of activator treatment.

In the correction of the Class II malocclusion, no other form of orthopedic mechanics were utilized in this sample. In some cases full banding was used to align and level the arches prior to the activator therapy. …

The Effects Of Second Molar Extractions In Conjunction With Bionator Treatment, Mohammed Toufic Jeiroudi

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The intent of this paper is to evaluate the effects of second molar extractions in conjunction with Bionator treatments. Eighteen Orthodontic patients were used in this study. All had had second molars extracted. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were traced and used to evaluate the treatment. The average age at time of extraction was 13 years, 3 months. The average treatment time was 38.3 months.

There were some orthopedic changes. The convexity decreased significantly, the condyle axis increased more than expected in normal growth. Also, the lower facial height and facial axis both became more dolichotype (open).

The upper and lower incisors …

Force Loss In Retraction Springs At 37°C As Affected By Time, Roger Edward Clawson

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Closed helix retraction springs fabricated from .016 X .016 inch Blue Elgiloy, Permachrome Standard stain less steel, and Multiphase orthodontic wire were tested at 37°C in their heat and nonheat treated condition to determine force relaxation properties. Electronic equipment consisting of load cells, regulated power supply, and an automatic recording device were used to measure force changes which occurred in the wire samples over a seven day period. A constant temperature was maintained by an ethylene glycol and water circulator. A temperature probe and an electronic thermometer monitored the 37°C water bath surrounding the wire samples. The data was graphed …

Histologic Probe Position In Treated And Untreated Human Periodontal Tissues, Clifford Fowler

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was designed to histologically determine the relationship of the periodontal probe tip to the periodontal tissues during probing of untreated periodontal pockets and periodontal pockets treated with oral hygiene and root planing. Human, condemned, single rooted teeth with buccal probing pocket depth at least 6 mm were used. Two groups of specimens were included; 12 untreated teeth from 6 patients and 15 treated teeth from 10 patients.

In the treated group, the effects of therapy were monitored clinically every two weeks until maximum improvement had taken place. A periodontal probe tip was then inserted on the buccal aspect …

The Effects Of Orthodontic Repositioning Into A Surgically Expanded Site On Bone Formation And Tooth Mobility In A Baboon, Anthony B. Lier

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

For sometime, expansion of the maxillary arch, by means of surgical and mechanical procedures, have been acknowledged with minimal attention directed toward the mandible. In this pilot study a surgical technique was employed in separating the mandible, A-P, at the symphysis. The interosseous void, approximately 10 mm., was then filled with autogenous bone marrow collected from the greater trochanter and the crest of the ilium.

The surgical site was then maintained for a period of eight (8) weeks with the aid of a precast chromium-cobalt splint and titanium mesh placed intradentally and at the symphysis, respectively. Following the stabilization period …

The Effect Of Mechanical Plaque Control On The Clinical Parameters Of Human Periodontal Disease, John F. Cercek Jr.

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the degree of healing which takes place in the periodontal tissues as a result of supragingival and subsequent subgingival plaque control attempts without any associated supra- or subgingival instrumentation and root planing.

Seven patients with moderate to severe periodontitis were finally selected for the study. Measurements were made on maxillary and mandibular incisors, cuspids and premolars to establish base line plaque scores, bleeding scores, probing pocket depths, and probing attachment levels. The patients were then instructed in the use of toothbrushes, dental floss and interdental brushes where indicated. Measurements were repeated at …

Time Vs. Force Relaxation In Utility Arches, Irvine Keith Corbett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

[Abstract not included]

A Comparative Study Of Tensile Properties In Five Orthodontic Wires, Charles B. Mcdermott

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The tensile properties of .017 x .025" stainless steel. Multiphase, Blue Elgiloy, beta titanium, and Nitinol were tested and compared. All wires were tested in the "as received" condition. Fifteen samples of each type of wire were tested in order to determine the (1) modulus of elasticity, (2) .2% yield strength, (3) ultimate tensile strength, (4) percentage elongation and (5) maximum elastic deflection.

The modulus of elasticity and .2% yield strength are the most important properties to orthodontists because of their influence on the wire's stiffness, strength and range. The ratio of yield strength/modulus of elasticity, termed maximum elastic deflection, …

The Effects Of Palatal Expansion Therapy On The Periodontal Supporting Tissues, Kenneth R. Greenbaum, Bjorn U. Zachrisson, John K. Pearson, Roland D. Walters, Jan Egelberg, James R. Wise, Grenith Zimmerman

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Four periodontal parameters were examined to determine the effect of rapid and slow palatal expansion techniques on the supporting structures at the buccal aspect of the maxillary first permanent molars. The parameters examined included the levels of crestal alveolar bone and soft tissue attachment (relative to the cemento-enamel junction), the depth of the gingival sulcus, and the height of the attached gingiva. The area between the buccal roots was inspected for possible furcation involvement. Twenty-eight patients had experienced a rapid technique utilizing a tissue-born, fixed, split-acrylic appliance, while thirty-three patients had been treated with the quad-helix appliance associated with slow …

The Effects Of Maxillary Quad-Helix Appliance Expansion On Cephalometric Measurements In Growing Orthodontic Patients, Steven Wesley Frank

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

This study was conducted to examine the effects of maxillary quad-helix expansion on frontal and lateral cephalometric measurements in growing orthodontic patients. Twenty subjects, nine girls and eleven boys (x age = 10 years, 3 months), each exhibiting at least a unilateral posterior lingual cross-bite that had been treated with a maxillary quad-helix appliance, were selected for this study. Posterior-anterior and lateral cephalometric radio graphs were taken at the beginning of treatment (T₁), when the appliance was removed (T_prog' x time = nine months) and at retention (T₂) and subsequently traced. The T_{1 …}

The Effect Of Folic Acid Supplementation On Gingival Healing After Oral Hygiene Therapy, Marilyn J. Wankier

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

To determine the effect of folic acid supplementation on gingival healing after oral hygiene therapy, eight teeth (#3, 4, 5, 6, 11, 12, 13, 14) of sixteen human subjects with moderate levels of gingival irritation were studied. Clinical parameters included measurement of gingival fluid, pocket depth, bleeding upon probing, and plaque. Serum and red blood cell folic acid levels were determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA). Based on clinical parameters and serum folate levels, two similarly matched groups were established. The teeth were scaled and polished. Brushing and flossing instructions were given.

After one week of oral hygiene therapy alone, the experimental …

Comparative In Vitro Studies On Bond Strength And Sealant Polymerization, Gerald E. Sievers

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

A comparison of two orthodontic sealants and two adhesives was made. An experimental adhesive was tested (Unitek*) also an experimental sealant (Unitek**) was evaluated for its ability to polymerize into a thin film. An established adhesive and sealant system (Concise***) was compared with the above products.

The factors which were considered important to the study were: the strength of the bond formed; the working efficiency; the ability for these materials to bond to the lingual of teeth; and the value of using contralateral teeth when testing bond strength.

An Instron testing machine was used to record the shear strength of …

Cineradiography Of The Temporomandibular Joint : A Research Entity And Diagnostic Modality, L. Albert Lewis

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Readily accessible equipment as utilized for cineangiography has been demonstrated to be useful in producing dynamic studies of the temporomandibular joint.

The reproducible studies have been obtained without adaptation of equipment. Methods used in this project were based on principles which have been advocated for the past thirty years for static radiographs of the temporomandibular joints.

Studies were made of a variety of subjects varying in size and joint integrity. Diagnostic views were obtained on all subjects showing normal osseous joint structures and typical joint function via the use of motion picture records. Changes in osseous joint structures were readily …

A Comparative Study Of The Temporomandibular Joint Area Using Laminagraphic And Panographic Surveys, Frederec B. Cothren Ii

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The relative merits of laminagraphic and panographic radiographic images of the temporomandibular joint area have been compared.

Serial temporomandibular joint area radiographs were taken with a panographic unit. A dried human skull was used as the study subject. Wire grids were placed over the temporomandibular joint areas. The linear and angular distortion of the wire grids was measured with the plane of occlusion being serially tipped horizontally from minus fifteen degrees to plus fifteen degrees.

Lateral laminagraphs were then taken of the same skull with the wire grids still in place to determine the accuracy of the laminagraphic technique as …

The Effect Of Periapical Inflammation On Cellular Cementum : A Scanning Electron Microscope Study, Gary S. Yonemoto

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to obtain information on the morphologic changes that occur in cellular cementum exposed to periapical inflammation.

Ten single rooted human teeth were collected. There were five specimens of normal cellular cementum and five specimens of diseased cellular cementum, which had been exposed to periapical inflammation. Each specimen was fractured longitudinally through the apical foramen, leaving the organic component intact. The cross-sectional morphology of cellular cementum was then examined using an ARM Model 1000 scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry was also conducted on samples representative of the two test groups.

A methodology was …

Changes Of The Marginal Periodontium As A Result Of Labial Tooth Movement In Monkeys, Gregory G. Steiner, J. K. Pearson, J. Ainamo

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Orthodontic tooth movement was performed on five monkeys (Macaca nemistrina). Oral health was established and exploratory surgery was performed to assess the level of the connective tissue attachment and marginal bone. Measurements of the gingival margin and mucogingival junction were taken and orthodontic forces were applied. The central incisors were moved labially a mean distance of 3.05mm. Post therapy measurements were performed to assess the change which occurred as a result of tooth movement. Significant recession of the gingival margin, connective tissue level and marginal bone was found when compared to an amalgam marker located on the facial surface of …