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Articles 211 - 240 of 461
Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders
Quantifying Voice Change After Hydration Treatment In Primary Sjögren’S Syndrome Using The Cepstral Spectral Index Of Dysphonia (Csid), Alison Miner
Theses and Dissertations
Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease that causes dehydration of the eyes, mouth, and throat. Individuals with Primary SS are at risk for voice problems associated with vocal fold dehydration. Topical hydration treatments show promise in reducing the negative effects of vocal fold dehydration on voice production. However, no studies have examined the preventive effects of topical hydration treatments on voice production in individuals at risk for vocal fold dehydration. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of a topical vocal fold hydration treatment on voice production in individuals with Primary SS using the Cepstral …
Comparing Speech Movements In Different Types Of Noise, Sarah Jane Scott
Comparing Speech Movements In Different Types Of Noise, Sarah Jane Scott
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined the impact of several noise conditions on speech articulator movements during a sentence repetition task. Sixty participants in three age groups ranging from 20 to 70 repeated a sentence under five noise conditions. Lower lip movements during production of a target sentence were used to compute the spatiotemporal index (STI). It was hypothesized that STI would be lower (indicating greater stability) in the silent baseline condition. There were changes in speech production under several of the noise conditions. The duration for the 1-talker condition was significantly shorter when compared to the silent condition, which could be due …
The Spanish Language Proficiency Of Sequential Bilingual Children And The Spanish-English Language Proficiency Scale, Jessica Maribel Tavizón
The Spanish Language Proficiency Of Sequential Bilingual Children And The Spanish-English Language Proficiency Scale, Jessica Maribel Tavizón
Theses and Dissertations
The challenge facing children learning language bilingually has led to efforts to improve the assessment and treatment of language learning difficulties. One of these efforts is the development and validation of the Spanish-English Language Proficiency Scale (SELPS). Previous research has been performed to validate the scale for English language proficiency but not for Spanish language proficiency. Twenty-four sequential bilingual children produced spontaneous narrative language samples that were rated using the SELPS and coded for language sample variables using the Systemic Analysis of Language Transcripts software. Several language sample variables, most notably the Subordination Index, the number of omitted bound morphemes, …
Story Generation Ability In Four Children With Language Impairment, Monica Leroy Chamberlain
Story Generation Ability In Four Children With Language Impairment, Monica Leroy Chamberlain
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis project focused on the complexity of story generations produced by four children with language impairment across treatment sessions. Specifically, the participants' utterances were analyzed to determine if the children produced simple story elements and/or more complex cause/effect story elements. The children's utterances were also analyzed to identify emotion words in order to consider the children's awareness of the emotions experienced by characters in the stories. All participants approached the story generation task by describing characters and actions based on pictures from the book. Two participants did not express any causal relationships and two participants expressed some awareness of …
A Model Of Grammatical Category Acquisition In The Spanish Language Using Adaptation And Selection, Camille Lorraine Judd
A Model Of Grammatical Category Acquisition In The Spanish Language Using Adaptation And Selection, Camille Lorraine Judd
Theses and Dissertations
Most typically developing children have achieved a knowledge of the grammatical categories of the words in their native language by school age. To model this achievement, researchers have developed a variety of explicit, testable models or algorithms which have had partial but promising success in extracting the grammatical word categories from the transcriptions of caregiver input to children. Additional insight into children's learning of the grammatical categories of words might be obtained from an application of evolutionary computing algorithms, which simulate principles of evolutionary biology such as variation, adaptive change, self-regulation, and inheritance. Thus far, however, this approach has only …
A Model Of Children's Acquisition Of Grammatical Word Categories Using An Adaptation And Selection Algorithm, Teresa Young
A Model Of Children's Acquisition Of Grammatical Word Categories Using An Adaptation And Selection Algorithm, Teresa Young
Theses and Dissertations
Most children who follow a typical developmental timeline learn the grammatical categories of words in their native language by the time they enter school. Researchers have worked to provide a number of explicit, testable models or algorithms in an attempt to model this language development. These models or algorithms have met with some varying success in terms of determining grammatical word categories from the transcripts of adult input to children. A new model of grammatical category acquisition involving an application of evolutionary computing algorithms may provide further understanding in this area. This model implements aspects of evolutionary biology, such as …
The Efficacy Of Social Communication Intervention On Teacher Report Of Sociability For Children With Language Impairment, Julianne Grover Smith Guerra
The Efficacy Of Social Communication Intervention On Teacher Report Of Sociability For Children With Language Impairment, Julianne Grover Smith Guerra
Theses and Dissertations
Recent research indicates that many children with Language Impairment (LI) have difficulty with social communication skills. This study assessed the impact of a social communication intervention on teacher perceptions of social withdrawal in children who received the treatment. The intervention targeted emotion understanding using the presentation of children's stories, facial picture cards, and journaling. Teacher perception was measured using the three withdrawal subscales of the Teacher Behavior Rating Scale (TBRS): Solitary-Active withdrawal, Solitary-Passive withdrawal, and Reticence. Following treatment all five participants received lower ratings of withdrawn behavior on some of the subscales. Only one participant received a rating indicting increased …
Children's Adaptation To Electropalatography: Evidence From Acoustic Analysis Of /T/ And /K/, Kara Brianne Knapp
Children's Adaptation To Electropalatography: Evidence From Acoustic Analysis Of /T/ And /K/, Kara Brianne Knapp
Theses and Dissertations
Electropalatography (EPG) is a computer-based device that uses a fitted pseudopalate (similar to an orthodontic retainer) with embedded electrodes to track tongue-to-palate contact during speech for the purposes of providing treatment for a variety of communication disorders. This study evaluated six elementary school-aged children's ability to adapt their speech to the presence of the pseudopalate in their mouth. The participants' adaptation for the consonants /t/ and /k/ was examined over eight time intervals throughout a two and half hour time period. Adaptation was evaluated by measuring the duration, spectral mean, spectral variance, and relative intensity of the target sounds. The …
A Model Of Grammatical Category Acquisition Using Adaptation And Selection, Sarah Zitting Cluff
A Model Of Grammatical Category Acquisition Using Adaptation And Selection, Sarah Zitting Cluff
Theses and Dissertations
By the later preschool years, most children have a knowledge of the grammatical categories of their native language and are capable of expanding this knowledge to novel words. To model this accomplishment, researchers have created a variety of explicit, testable models or algorithms. These have had partial but promising success in extracting grammatical word categories from transcriptions of caregiver input to young children. Additional insight into children's learning of the grammatical categories of words might be gained from evolutionary computing algorithms, which apply principles of evolutionary biology such as variation, adaptive change, self-regulation, and inheritance to computational models. The current …
Speech Adaptation To Electropalatography In Children's Productions Of /S/ And /ʃ/, Marissa Celaya
Speech Adaptation To Electropalatography In Children's Productions Of /S/ And /ʃ/, Marissa Celaya
Theses and Dissertations
Previous research has investigated adults' ability to adapt their speech when a electropalatographic (EPG) pseudopalate is placed in the oral cavity; however, less is known about how younger speakers who are continuing to develop their motor speech abilities might adapt their speech to the presence of the device. This study examined the effect of an EPG pseudopalate on elementary school-aged children's ability to produce the fricatives /s/ and /ƒ/. Audio recordings of six children were collected at eight time intervals including before placement of the pseudopalate, at 30-minute increments for two hours with the pseudopalate in place, immediately following removal …
The Effects Of Laryngeal Desiccation And Nebulized Isotonic Saline In Trained Male Singers, Robert B. Fujiki
The Effects Of Laryngeal Desiccation And Nebulized Isotonic Saline In Trained Male Singers, Robert B. Fujiki
Theses and Dissertations
Vocal fold hydration is important for healthy function of the vocal mechanism. Vocal fold surface fluid protects the mucosa and facilitates efficient vocal fold oscillation. Dry air exposure, mouth breathing, insufficient intake of liquids, and behavioral factors may contribute to laryngeal dehydration. Singers are believed to be particularly at risk for voice problems related to dehydration due to environmental and voice use factors. Laryngeal desiccation and nebulized hydration treatments have been shown to influence phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and self-perceived phonatory effort (PPE) in females. However, little research exists exploring the effects of hydration in males. Additionally, few studies have …
The Effects Of Laryngeal Desiccation And Nebulized Isotonic Saline In Male Speakers, Whitney Jane Robb
The Effects Of Laryngeal Desiccation And Nebulized Isotonic Saline In Male Speakers, Whitney Jane Robb
Theses and Dissertations
Hydration of the vocal folds is important for the production of normal voice. Dehydration makes voice production more difficult and increases vocal effort. Laryngeal desiccation has been shown to increase phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and self-perceived phonatory effort (PPE) in females. Nebulized saline may reverse or offset this effect. However, few data exist regarding the effects of laryngeal desiccation and nebulized treatments in males. Further, the dose-response relationship between laryngeal desiccation and nebulized hydration treatments is unknown. This study examined the effects of two doses of nebulized isotonic saline following a laryngeal desiccation challenge in healthy male speakers. In a …
The Accurate Productions Of Emotion Words During A Social Communication Intervention In Children With Language Impairment, Emily Marie Gibbons
The Accurate Productions Of Emotion Words During A Social Communication Intervention In Children With Language Impairment, Emily Marie Gibbons
Theses and Dissertations
This thesis examines a social communication intervention that targets the emotional competence of children with language impairment (LI). Three elementary school-aged children with LI received twenty, 20-minute intervention sessions over four months. Each intervention session involved a combination of activities targeting emotion recognition and emotion inferencing. The emotion-based word productions were counted and analyzed. Categorized words belonged to the emotional categories of happiness, sadness, anger, fear, surprise, and disgust. The percentage of appropriate usage was calculated to represent how often the participants used each emotion-based word in a semantically correct manner. Emotion word productions that did not match the intended …
Supervising Clinical Fellows: Preparation And Styles, Connie Summers, Maria Resendiz, Roxanna Ruiz-Felter
Supervising Clinical Fellows: Preparation And Styles, Connie Summers, Maria Resendiz, Roxanna Ruiz-Felter
Faculty Publications
Purpose: The majority of supervision literature has focused on the supervision of graduate students. The purpose of this study was to examine the preparation of and explore the thinking styles of mentoring speech-language pathologists (SLPs) of Speech-Language Pathology graduates who are completing their clinical fellowship. Method: A questionnaire was sent to 1626 SLPs by email who reported working in school settings and 102 participants responded. They were asked questions about demographics, caseloads, supervisory experiences, knowledge of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA, 2008) standards for supervision, and thinking styles. Forty of the participants reported on the number of years of experience …
A Developmental Perspective For Promoting Theory Of Mind, Lee Robinson
A Developmental Perspective For Promoting Theory Of Mind, Lee Robinson
Faculty Publications
Social neuroscience research has resulted in changing views of the theory of mind (ToM) construct. Theory of mind is no longer viewed as a unitary construct, but rather as a multidimensional construct comprising cognitive and affective ToM and interpersonal and intrapersonal ToM, each of which has differing neurophysiological/neuroanatomical foundations and behavioral manifestations. Clinicians working with persons with social communication/pragmatic communication disorders should consider evaluating these dimensions of ToM and the cognitive, social–emotional, and language components underlying them. Then they might use this information to develop a ToM profile for each client so they are better able to implement specific intervention …
Effects Of Age And Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Christopher Dromey, Kelsey Boyce, Ron Channell
Effects Of Age And Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Christopher Dromey, Kelsey Boyce, Ron Channell
Faculty Publications
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of age on articulatory movement and stability in young, middle-age, and older adults. It also examined the potential influence of linguistic complexity on speech motor control across utterances that differed in their length and grammatical complexity. Method: There were 60 participants in 3 age groups:20–30 years, 40–50 years, and 60–70 years, with equal numbers of men and women in each group. The speakers produced 10 repetitions of 5 different stimuli—each of which included the same bilabial-loaded phrase in different grammatical contexts—while their lip movements were recorded. Results: Participants from the 60-year-old group had significantly …
Effects Of Age And Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Christopher Dromey, Kelsey Boyce, Ron Channell
Effects Of Age And Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Christopher Dromey, Kelsey Boyce, Ron Channell
Faculty Publications
Purpose: This study investigated the effect of age on articulatory movement and stability in young, middle-aged, and older adults. It also examined the potential influence of linguistic complexity on speech motor control across utterances that differed in their length and grammatical complexity.
Method: There were 60 participants in three age groups: 20-30 years, 40-50 years, and 60-70 years, with equal numbers of men and women in each group. The speakers produced 10 repetitions of five different stimuli, each of which included the same bilabial-loaded phrase in different grammatical contexts, while their lip movements were recorded.
Results: Participants from the 60 …
Outcomes Of An Emotion Word Intervention For Children With Social Communication Impairments, Rebecca Cloward Mansfield
Outcomes Of An Emotion Word Intervention For Children With Social Communication Impairments, Rebecca Cloward Mansfield
Theses and Dissertations
Children with social communication disorders have been found to exhibit deficits in emotional intelligence, including the ability to identify emotions attributed to facial expressions. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the efficacy of a social communication intervention program designed to increase the accuracy of emotion based word use in three elementary school-aged participants with social communication disorders. The participants took part in a multiple-baseline, 20-session treatment including story enactment, journaling procedures, and supplementary activities. The story enactment portion of the intervention centered on Mercer Mayer's A Boy, A Dog, and A Frog (1967) wordless picture book series. Participants' …
Brain Mapping Of The Mismatch Negativity Response To Vowel Variances Of Natural And Synthetic Phonemes, Lyndsy Marie Smith
Brain Mapping Of The Mismatch Negativity Response To Vowel Variances Of Natural And Synthetic Phonemes, Lyndsy Marie Smith
Theses and Dissertations
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a specific event-related potential (ERP) component used frequently in the observation of auditory processing. The MMN is elicited by a deviant stimulus randomly presented in the presence of repeating stimuli. The current study utilized the MMN response in order to determine the temporal (timing) and linguistic processing of natural and synthetic vowel stimuli. It was hypothesized that a significant MMN response would be elicited by natural and synthetic vowel stimuli. Brain mapping of the MMN response was hypothesized to yield temporal resolution information, which would provide detail regarding the sequential processing differences between natural and …
A Boot Camp Approach To Remediating Interdental /S/ In A School-Aged Child, Melanie Ellen Peris
A Boot Camp Approach To Remediating Interdental /S/ In A School-Aged Child, Melanie Ellen Peris
Theses and Dissertations
The relationship between speech articulation therapy dose (frequency, intensity, duration) and treatment outcomes are poorly understood. Identifying optimal therapy doses for specific articulation disorders is essential to providing efficient clinical care. Recent research indicates that intensive speech therapy doses-known as boot camps-may promote rapid improvement and generalization for certain speech disorders. Therefore the present investigation examined the effects of a boot camp speech therapy approach to remediate interdental /s/ production in an 8-year-old male. The boot camp included two days of speech therapy involving visual, tactile, and auditory feedback approaches. Therapy was administered 5.5 hours per day across morning and …
Nonconformance In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Kathryn S. Todd, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Nonconformance In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Kathryn S. Todd, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Children diagnosed with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) “exhibit significant limitations in language functioning that cannot be attributed to deficits in hearing, oral structure and function, or general intelligence” (Leonard, 1987). Recently, research revealed children with SLI also demonstrate difficulty in social interaction. As part of an ongoing research program at Brigham Young University over the last decade, Dr. Bonnie Brinton and Dr. Martin Fujiki evaluated the social skills of children with SLI. Yet to be investigated, this past year I researched the nonconforming behavior of children with SLI directed towards adults. Nonconformity or noncompliance is the failure to act and …
A Qualitative Analysis Of The Story Enactment ‘Something Good’ To Assess Comprehension In English And Spanish-Speaking Pre- School Children, Sue Pickens, Dr. Barbara Culatta
A Qualitative Analysis Of The Story Enactment ‘Something Good’ To Assess Comprehension In English And Spanish-Speaking Pre- School Children, Sue Pickens, Dr. Barbara Culatta
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Currently, Dr. Culatta is working on Project CALL, a Contextualized Approach to Language and Literacy. She is looking at how language and literacy skills can be taught to preschool children in Head Start. As an extension of her research, I analyzed children’s participation and engagement in story enactment. I also analyzed Spanish speaking children’s engagement in story enactment, and the behaviors that affect story comprehension. By analyzing two enactments of the story, I hypothesized that I would find in the children’s second enactment of the story that they will be able to make more relevant comments, predict and anticipate more …
Enhancing Socially Withdrawn Children’S Behavior Via Peer Monitoring And Social Skills Instruction, Brock Rockwood Solano, Dr. Michelle Marchant
Enhancing Socially Withdrawn Children’S Behavior Via Peer Monitoring And Social Skills Instruction, Brock Rockwood Solano, Dr. Michelle Marchant
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Educations face the challenge of instructing socially disengaged children who come to the classroom lacking peer acceptance, social skills and positive feelings about themselves and school. Although the importance of good social relations and emotional health for effective learning has been recognized, efforts to foster these traits often fall short of success and breed discouragement in teachers. It remains an ongoing concern for educators to find the most effective means to improve the social competence of the self-isolating students.
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Teaching Early Literacy Skills In A Dual-Language Program, Melissa Willes, Dr. Barbara Culatta
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Teaching Early Literacy Skills In A Dual-Language Program, Melissa Willes, Dr. Barbara Culatta
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Effective literacy skills are essential to success in life. In order to gain these skills, a strong literacy foundation must be established during childhood. Any impairment of this skill has a profound effect on the life of a child. Children with delayed literacy skills have difficulties in learning and keeping up with their peers in school. Consequently they may fall behind in school and miss out on pertinent learning experiences.
Understanding Of Emotion In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Melanie D. Javid, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Understanding Of Emotion In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Melanie D. Javid, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) have difficulties with language comprehension and production that is not attributed to other disabilities. Studies have shown that these children are also at risk for social problems. These social problems are assumed to be the outcome of the child’s language ability. The purpose of this project is to investigate the emotional understanding of children with SLI. This project is designed to provide speech-language pathologists with a clearer delineation of emotional needs experienced by children with SLI. Our profession may then adapt therapy to address the child’s understanding of emotions.
Emotion Recognition In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Andrea Dance, Martha Gray, Natalie Roach, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Emotion Recognition In Children With Specific Language Impairment, Andrea Dance, Martha Gray, Natalie Roach, Dr. Martin Fujiki
Journal of Undergraduate Research
As part of a research team consisting of professors of Speech-Language Pathology and Psychology and graduate students, our goal was to achieve a clearer understanding of the relationship between emotion and language. We wanted to see if children with restricted language abilities also have deficits in emotional development. We tested children in schools measuring their language ability, IQ, understanding of emotion expressed in a variety of ways.
Influence Of Quantization On Psychometric Function Slope And Performance For Speech Audiometry Materials, Jessica Goates, Dr. Richard W. Harris
Influence Of Quantization On Psychometric Function Slope And Performance For Speech Audiometry Materials, Jessica Goates, Dr. Richard W. Harris
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Routine audiological assessments include pure-tone thresholds and assessment of the patient’s ability to perceive speech. The performance of speech audiometry materials is very important for determining how well a patient can hear speech. Our research was designed to determine if using different speech audiometry materials (male vs. female voice and 16 vs. 24 bit quantization) can influence the ability to understand the words being presented.
“How Am I Different?”: A Social Profile Of Children With Sli, Julie Grandy, April Fitzgerald, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Burton
“How Am I Different?”: A Social Profile Of Children With Sli, Julie Grandy, April Fitzgerald, Martin Fujiki, Bonnie Burton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
Children with specific language impairment (SLI) are those who have difficulty learning language despite relatively normal sensory and intellectual abilities. Research and current literature have shown that there is a relationship between language competence and social competence (Brinton & Fujiki, 1993; Windsor, 1995) Children with poor language skills often experience difficulty in social interactions. Since successful social interactions contribute to personal satisfaction in school, work, community, and family settings, many areas of these children’s lives may be negatively impacted.
From The Uk To Byu: Local Norms For The Measurement Of Pragmatic Language, Lisa Christensen, Maggie Hansen
From The Uk To Byu: Local Norms For The Measurement Of Pragmatic Language, Lisa Christensen, Maggie Hansen
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In the field of speech-language pathology, we encounter many children with what is known as language impairment. This impairment cannot be attributed to intellectual or sensory factors, and has been shown to involve a delay in both semantic (word meanings) and syntactic (grammar and structure) abilities. Some researchers also question whether pragmatic abilities (language usage in real-life contexts) are affected in those with language impairment. However, an instrument to evaluate pragmatics is very difficult to design. Typical formal tests don’t allow for varied contexts—an integral part of pragmatic skills. Eliminating these varied contexts inherently reduces the validity of results.1
Effects Of Assistive Robotics On Tantrums In Children With Low-Functioning Autism, Taylor Whitmer, Dr. Bonnie Brinton
Effects Of Assistive Robotics On Tantrums In Children With Low-Functioning Autism, Taylor Whitmer, Dr. Bonnie Brinton
Journal of Undergraduate Research
In recent studies, assistive robotics has been useful in increasing joint attention skills between a child with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and other individuals (Acerson, 2011). These data also show a potential change in tantrum behaviors before and after intervention sessions with the robot. Tantrum behaviors, although normal in young, typical developing children, often persist longer in children with ASD as a result of delayed language development (Osterman & Bjorkqvist, 2010). As tantrum behaviors persist, the time available for these children to learn is diminished as the focus of the child becomes the frustration causing the tantrum rather than the …