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Brigham Young University

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Articles 241 - 270 of 461

Full-Text Articles in Communication Sciences and Disorders

Intelligence And Social Behaviors Of Children With Language Impairment, Melanie Cobabe, Dr. Martin Fujiki Aug 2013

Intelligence And Social Behaviors Of Children With Language Impairment, Melanie Cobabe, Dr. Martin Fujiki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Teachers and speech pathologists have noted that children with Language Impairment (LI) frequently struggle in social interactions when compared with their typical peers. They have difficulty making friends, entering on-going interactions, and are often viewed negatively by others in their own age group. The purpose of this study was to co-vary intelligence in order to eliminate it as a variable that might impact the differences in social behavior between typical and language impaired children.

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Social Problems Of Children With Specific Language Impairment, Michelle H. Hutchings, Dr. Martin Fujiki Aug 2013

Social Problems Of Children With Specific Language Impairment, Michelle H. Hutchings, Dr. Martin Fujiki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Specific Language Impairment (SLI) is a well documented disability among many schoolaged children. Children with SLI exhibit “significant limitations in language functioning that cannot be attributed to deficits in hearing, oral structure and function, or general intelligence” (Leonard, 1987, p. 1). SLI results in disordered patterns of communication and is associated with academic failure. Increasing evidence also shows that children with SLI suffer from significant social difficulties.

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The Efficacy Of Social Language Intervention On Children With Specific Language Impairment—A Pilot Study, Sarah Johnson Mueller, Dr. Martin Fujiki Aug 2013

The Efficacy Of Social Language Intervention On Children With Specific Language Impairment—A Pilot Study, Sarah Johnson Mueller, Dr. Martin Fujiki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

In this pilot study, I investigated the efficacy of an experimental social skills intervention program for children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI). As there is a limited amount of research related to the treatment of the social skills of these children, it was my hope that such a pilot study would supply important information for future research in this area. For my research, I evaluated whether a specialized social skills intervention program produced improved social interactions in 4 children with SLI. To do this, I studied the behavioral changes of children in both a traditional language intervention group and a …

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Testing The Validity Of The Byu Taiwan Mandarin Speech Materials, Briana Rae, Dr. Richard Harris Aug 2013

Testing The Validity Of The Byu Taiwan Mandarin Speech Materials, Briana Rae, Dr. Richard Harris

Journal of Undergraduate Research

This study adds to the ongoing work of creating a system capable of administering accurate speech recognition threshold (SRT) tests to non-native English speakers. The SRT test helps in determining the brain’s ability to hear and understand speech. Bedke-Slade (2006) developed a SRT word list comprised of 28 words in the Taiwan Mandarin language which she recorded onto a compact disc. This word list, however, was not re-tested to ensure its performance matched the outcome predicted by Bedke-Slade. That’s where I came in.

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Effectiveness Of Post-Surgery Speech Therapy For Cleft Palate Individuals In A Third-World Country, Jennifer Halloran, Dr. David Mcpherson Aug 2013

Effectiveness Of Post-Surgery Speech Therapy For Cleft Palate Individuals In A Third-World Country, Jennifer Halloran, Dr. David Mcpherson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I traveled to Amman, Jordan to evaluate the effectiveness of speech therapy as a volunteer service for children undergoing cleft palate surgery through Operation Smile. Other studies have determined that speech therapy is necessary in cleft palate rehabilitation. This study examined whether therapy is or can be effective in developing countries as a volunteer service. The effectiveness was determined based on pre-operative communication levels compared to post-therapy communication levels as well as parent satisfaction with therapy received. Further, the challenges facing speech therapists as volunteers was determined.

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Examining Parents' Interactions With Their Children During Literacy Activities, Kerianne Frodsham Allsop Jul 2013

Examining Parents' Interactions With Their Children During Literacy Activities, Kerianne Frodsham Allsop

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of conversational interactions between parents and their children during early literacy instructional activities. Parents engaged their children in interactions within hands-on activities designed to teach specific literacy skills as part of a kindergarten project entitled Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL). Data for this study were extracted from audio and video recordings of parent-child interactions during three targeted literacy activities. Specialized software (LENA Pro) was used to analyze the interactions regarding adult and child use of targeted words (word count) and turn taking. To gain additional information about the exchanges, …

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The Effectiveness Of Systematic And Engaging Early Literacy (Seel) Intervention On Word Reading In Kindergarten Students Receiving Tier 3 Services, Christina Haley Cole Jul 2013

The Effectiveness Of Systematic And Engaging Early Literacy (Seel) Intervention On Word Reading In Kindergarten Students Receiving Tier 3 Services, Christina Haley Cole

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the Systematic and Engaging Early Literacy (SEEL) intervention method to improve consonant-vowel-consonant (CVC) reading in four students receiving Tier 3 services. The SEEL intervention method was also combined with the use of digital books on an iPad to investigate the effects of using technology in reading intervention sessions. Previous research indicates effectiveness for the foundational principles of SEEL, which include instruction in engaging, meaningful contexts that provide frequent and intense opportunities to practice. This research involved 4 kindergarten students who qualified for Tier 3 services based on their performance on an index of difficulty …

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Social Networks Of Children With Language Impairment, Serena Marita Louisa Mickelson Jul 2013

Social Networks Of Children With Language Impairment, Serena Marita Louisa Mickelson

Theses and Dissertations

Children with language impairment (LI) often exhibit social difficulties along with language issues that can affect their friendships with peers. This study sought to identify the self-reported social networks of children with LI and compare them to the self-reported social networks of children with typical language development. Sixteen children with LI (9 girls and 7 boys) between the ages of 5-11 years, and sixteen children with typical language development matched for age and gender were studied. Children were asked to name interactants in four social circles (Blackstone & Hunt Berg, 2003): family, friends, acquaintances, and paid interactants. A parent also …

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Brain Electrical Source Localization Of The Masking Level Difference In College Age Students, Amanda Fujiki, Dr. David Mcpherson Jun 2013

Brain Electrical Source Localization Of The Masking Level Difference In College Age Students, Amanda Fujiki, Dr. David Mcpherson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The term auditory processing disorder (APD) refers to a diverse collection of problems in the processing of auditory information. An individual with an APD may have hearing acuity within normal limits; that is, the middle ear (conductive) and inner ear (sensory) systems may function typically. The individual may demonstrate a breakdown occurring within the central nervous system, however, and this breakdown may limit the individual’s ability to understand, interpret, and use auditory information. Auditory processing disorders are thought to interfere with language development and literacy learning (Geffner, 2007, MacFarland & Cacace, 2009). The effects of APD may be highly variable …

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Gender Differences In The Acoustic Parameters Of Contrastive Stress Production, Bryce Bristow, Dr. Shawn Nissen Jun 2013

Gender Differences In The Acoustic Parameters Of Contrastive Stress Production, Bryce Bristow, Dr. Shawn Nissen

Journal of Undergraduate Research

I was able to present the following research at the American Speech-Language and Hearing Association 2012 National Conference. I made a poster and talked to professionals and researchers from across the nation.

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Brain Electrophysiological Source Localization Of Mmn & P300 Response In Auditory Processing, Amy Ragsdale, Dr. David Mcpherson Jun 2013

Brain Electrophysiological Source Localization Of Mmn & P300 Response In Auditory Processing, Amy Ragsdale, Dr. David Mcpherson

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Source localization is a tool used to identify a precise visual location within the brain which allows for interpretation of the source of the brain activity. In this research, source localization is used to provide a more accurate identification and evaluation of the neurophysiological sources that contribute to the brain’s responses to speech-like and non-speech stimuli.

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The Effect Of Age On Speech Motor Performance During Divided Attention, Dallin J. Bailey Jun 2013

The Effect Of Age On Speech Motor Performance During Divided Attention, Dallin J. Bailey

Theses and Dissertations

The present study examined the divided attention effects of three non-speech tasks on concurrent speech motor performance. These tasks targeted linguistic, cognitive, and manual motor activity. Participants included 60 healthy adults separated into three different age groups of twenty participants each: college-age (20s), middle-aged (40s), and older adults (60s). Each participant completed a speech task once in isolation and once concurrently with each of the three non-speech tasks: a semantic decision task, a quantitative comparison task, and a manual motor task. The non-speech tasks were also performed in isolation. The speech task involved repeating a target phrase each time a …

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The Effect Of Using Low Dose Exposure To A Humanoid Robot To Elicit Social Engagement Behaviors In Children With Autism Interacting With A Familiar Adult, Cambrie Nicole Roueche Jun 2013

The Effect Of Using Low Dose Exposure To A Humanoid Robot To Elicit Social Engagement Behaviors In Children With Autism Interacting With A Familiar Adult, Cambrie Nicole Roueche

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the effects of low dose exposure to a humanoid robot on the social engagement skills of four children with autism during select activities with a familiar adult. Participants included two males and two females who ranged in age from four to nine at the commencement of the study. The current study was part of a larger investigation focused on the effect of exposure to a robot on social engagement with a variety of social partners and situations. Children participated in variable multiple baseline sessions followed by a varied number of sessions of traditional treatment. After traditional treatment, …

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Can Emotion Understanding Be Taught?: Evaluating An Intervention Protocol To Increase Emotion Understanding In Children With Language Impairment, Lucy Brimhall, Dr. Martin Fujiki Jun 2013

Can Emotion Understanding Be Taught?: Evaluating An Intervention Protocol To Increase Emotion Understanding In Children With Language Impairment, Lucy Brimhall, Dr. Martin Fujiki

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Specific language impairment is traditionally defined as a diagnosis referring to “children who have difficulty learning language in the absence of intellectual disability, sensory and physical deficits, severe emotional disturbances, environmental factors, and brain damage” (Kamhi, AG 1998). Recent study of the behavior of children with SLI has revealed that there is a discrepancy between the social communication skills of typically developing children and those with SLI (Brinton & Fujiki, 2004).

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The Effects Of Emotion On Acoustic Characteristics Of Vocal Vibrato In Trained Singers, Sharee Oakes Holmes Jun 2013

The Effects Of Emotion On Acoustic Characteristics Of Vocal Vibrato In Trained Singers, Sharee Oakes Holmes

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of emotion on several key acoustic features of vibrato including vibrato rate, extent, and steadiness (measured by FM rate COV and FM extent COV). We hypothesized that intensity of emotion would have a significant effect on vibrato rate, extent, and periodicity, although the direction of these changes was undetermined. There were 10 participants, including eight females and two males, who were graduate student singers with high competency ratings. Each participant completed a series of tasks including sustained vowels at several pitch and loudness levels, an assigned song that was determined …

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Automated Identification Of Relative Clauses In Child Language Samples, Erika E. Ehlert Jun 2013

Automated Identification Of Relative Clauses In Child Language Samples, Erika E. Ehlert

Theses and Dissertations

Relative clauses are grammatical constructions that are of relevance in both typical and impaired language development. Thus, the accurate identification of these structures in child language samples is clinically important. In recent years, computer software has been used to assist in the automated analysis of clinical language samples. However, this software has had only limited success when attempting to identify relative clauses. The present study explores the development and clinical importance of relative clauses and investigates the accuracy of the software used for automated identification of these structures. Two separate collections of language samples were used. The first collection included …

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Brain Imaging Of Event Related Potentials In Children With Language Impairment, Hillary Ann Benton Jun 2013

Brain Imaging Of Event Related Potentials In Children With Language Impairment, Hillary Ann Benton

Theses and Dissertations

Event related potentials (ERPs) may provide specific information about how particular aspects of language are processed by the brain over time. This study investigated the electrophysiology of language processing in two children with language impairment (LI) when compared to five typically developing children. The N400, P600, and the early left anterior negativity (ELAN) were analyzed after participants listened to linguistically correct, syntactically incorrect, and semantically incorrect sentences. Participants were instructed to indicate whether the sentences were correct or incorrect. Latency and amplitude of the ERP components were compared between the two groups of participants and sentence types. Results from the …

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The Effectiveness Of Using Electropalatography To Remediate A Developmental Speech Sound Disorder In A School-Aged Child With Hearing Impairment, Kristina Lynne Pickett Jun 2013

The Effectiveness Of Using Electropalatography To Remediate A Developmental Speech Sound Disorder In A School-Aged Child With Hearing Impairment, Kristina Lynne Pickett

Theses and Dissertations

Advances in instrumentation and computer technology such as electropalatography (EPG) have offered additional types of feedback to more traditional therapy for individuals with speech disorders, specifically those with hearing impairment. The purpose of this study was to document whether therapeutic integration of EPG visual feedback in combination with traditional articulation therapy for a school-aged child with an articulation disorder secondary to hearing impairment was more effective than traditional therapy alone. One participant received five sessions of each therapy approach. Six adult listeners rated the quality of the participant's production of /r/ in words recorded during the therapy sessions. The EPG …

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The Effects Of Practice On The Concurrent Performance Of A Speech And Postural Task In Persons With Parkinson Disease And Healthy Controls, K. Bo Foreman, Stuart Sondrup, Christopher Dromey, Eon Jarvis, Shawn Nissen, Leland E. Dibble May 2013

The Effects Of Practice On The Concurrent Performance Of A Speech And Postural Task In Persons With Parkinson Disease And Healthy Controls, K. Bo Foreman, Stuart Sondrup, Christopher Dromey, Eon Jarvis, Shawn Nissen, Leland E. Dibble

Faculty Publications

Purpose. Persons with Parkinson disease (PD) demonstrate deficits in motor learning as well as bidirectional interference (the performance of one task concurrently interferes with the performance of another task) during dual-task performance. Few studies have examined the practice dosages necessary for behavioral change in rehabilitation relevant tasks. Therefore, to compare the effects of age and PD on motor learning during dual-task performance, this pilot study examined persons with PD as well as neurologically healthy participants during concurrent performance of postural and speaking tasks. Methods. Seven persons with PD and 7 healthy age-matched and 10 healthy young control subjects …

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The Effects Of Intervention Involving A Robot On Compliance Of Four Children With Autism To Requests Produced By Their Mothers, Holly Jeanne Nelson May 2013

The Effects Of Intervention Involving A Robot On Compliance Of Four Children With Autism To Requests Produced By Their Mothers, Holly Jeanne Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

The current study presents the use of a humanoid robot to facilitate compliant behaviors to two types of directives in four children with autism. The children participated in a three-month intervention program that incorporated core components of the SCERTS model in order to facilitate social communication (Prizant, Wetherby, Rubin, & Laurent, 2003). Treatment sessions were comprised of 40 minutes of traditional treatment and 10 minutes of interaction with a humanoid robot. Pre- and post-intervention assessment were conducted, each involving a 5 minute interaction with the child's mother, in which they were presented with directives in the form of physical manipulation …

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The Tilar Project: Analyzing Unregulated And Non- Engagement Behaviors During Intervention In Children With Low Functioning Autism, Taylor Whitmer, Dr. Bonnie Brinton Apr 2013

The Tilar Project: Analyzing Unregulated And Non- Engagement Behaviors During Intervention In Children With Low Functioning Autism, Taylor Whitmer, Dr. Bonnie Brinton

Journal of Undergraduate Research

The Therapist in the Loop: Assistive Robotics (TiLAR) project is a broad-based research study that seeks to improve joint attention in children with low-functioning autism by using a humanoid robot in concert with traditional intervention. The goal of this project was to monitor the frequency of tantrum and non-engagement behaviors and determine if the interaction with the robot decreased in occurrence over time.

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Intervention With Children With Autism: The Effect Of Using A Robot On Participation In Reciprocal Play, Shereen Ririe Mar 2013

Intervention With Children With Autism: The Effect Of Using A Robot On Participation In Reciprocal Play, Shereen Ririe

Theses and Dissertations

The current study was part of a larger work investigating the effects of intervention incorporating a robot on the social engagement behaviors of children with autism. The larger study implemented a single-subject, multiple-baseline research design in which four children with autism participated in baseline sessions, traditional intervention, intervention including a robot, and follow-up sessions. The current study focused on the participant's responses to directives from the clinician and the parent during collaborative activities that included the robot. Children's responses were analyzed to determine if they responded to directives without assistance, responded with hand-over-hand assistance, or did not comply. Sessions were …

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Effects Of Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Kelsey Lewis Boyce Mar 2013

Effects Of Syntactic Complexity On Speech Motor Performance, Kelsey Lewis Boyce

Theses and Dissertations

This study evaluated the possible influence of linguistic demands on speech motor control by measuring articulatory movement stability during conditions of increasing grammatical complexity. There were 60 participants in three age groups: 20-30 years, 40-50 years, and 60-70 years, with equal numbers of men and women in each group. These speakers produced 10 repetitions of five different sentence or phrase conditions. These five conditions included two baseline measurements and three sentences of varying complexity. Each complexity condition had an MLU count of 23, word length of 17, syllable length of 25, and contained the phrase open boxes of pompoms. …

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Test-Retest Reliability Of Speech Recognition Threshold Material In Individuals With A Wide Range Of Hearing Abilities, Karin Leola Caswell Mar 2013

Test-Retest Reliability Of Speech Recognition Threshold Material In Individuals With A Wide Range Of Hearing Abilities, Karin Leola Caswell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to evaluate an updated list of digitally recorded Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT) materials for test-retest reliability. Chipman (2003) identified 33 psychometrically equated spondaic words that are frequently occurring in English today. These digitally recorded words were used to determine the SRT of 40 participants using the American Speech-Language Hearing Association guidelines. The participants were between the ages of 19 and 83 years and presented with hearing impairment ranging from normal to severe. The individual's pure-tone averages classified 16 participants with normal hearing to slight loss, 12 participants with mild loss, and 12 participants with …

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Test-Retest Reliability In Word Recognition Testing In Subjects With Varying Levels Of Hearing Loss, Meghan Elizabeth Grange Mar 2013

Test-Retest Reliability In Word Recognition Testing In Subjects With Varying Levels Of Hearing Loss, Meghan Elizabeth Grange

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of digitally recorded word recognition materials. Word recognition testing is included in a complete audiological evaluation to measure an individual's ability to discriminate what they hear. A phonetically balanced list of 50 monosyllabic words was presented to each participant at four different sensation levels (SL) using the American Speech Language Hearing Association recommended protocol for word recognition score testing. Each participant took a 10 minute break before the test was readministered. Participants included 40 subjects with varying levels of hearing loss, from normal hearing to severe hearing loss. The …

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The Effect Of A Robot On Children With Severe Autism During A Song Activity, Michelle Nelson Mar 2013

The Effect Of A Robot On Children With Severe Autism During A Song Activity, Michelle Nelson

Theses and Dissertations

This study is a small portion of a larger work examining the effects of low dosage robot use in interactive and social engagement therapy for children with autism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the participation of the subjects during song activities. Four children were used as participants, each receiving a total of 20 play-based treatment sessions targeting engagement and social interaction. The clinician incorporated the robot into these treatment sessions for 10 minute long segments within a 50 minute session. The current study analyzed these 10 minute segments with the robot, coding turn-taking behaviors. Results indicated that, …

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Automated Identification Of Adverbial Clauses In Child Language Samples, Brittany Cheree Brown Feb 2013

Automated Identification Of Adverbial Clauses In Child Language Samples, Brittany Cheree Brown

Theses and Dissertations

Adverbial clauses are grammatical constructions that are of relevance in both typical language development and impaired language development. In recent years, computer software has been used to assist in the automated analysis of clinical language samples. This software has attempted to accurately identify adverbial clauses with limited success. The present study investigated the accuracy of software for the automated identification of adverbial clauses. Two separate collections of language samples were used. One collection included 10 children with language impairment, with ages ranging from 7;6 to 11;1 (years;months), 10 age-matched peers,and 10 language-matched peers. A second collection contained 30 children ranging …

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The Effects Of Practice On The Concurrent Performance Of A Speech And Postural Task In Persons With Parkinson Disease And Healthy Controls, Christopher Dromey, K Bo Foreman, Stuart Sondrup, Eon Jarvis, Shawn Nissen, Leland E. Dibble Jan 2013

The Effects Of Practice On The Concurrent Performance Of A Speech And Postural Task In Persons With Parkinson Disease And Healthy Controls, Christopher Dromey, K Bo Foreman, Stuart Sondrup, Eon Jarvis, Shawn Nissen, Leland E. Dibble

Faculty Publications

Purpose. Persons with Parkinson disease (PD) demonstrate deficits in motor learning as well as bidirectional interference (the performance of one task concurrently interferes with the performance of another task) during dual-task performance. Few studies have examined the practice dosages necessary for behavioral change in rehabilitation relevant tasks. Therefore, to compare the effects of age and PD on motor learning during dual-task performance, this pilot study examined persons with PD as well as neurologically healthy participants during concurrent performance of postural and speaking tasks. Methods. Seven persons with PD and 7 healthy age-matched and 10 healthy young control subjects were tested …

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Interprofessional Education: A Pilot Study Of Rehabilitation Sciences Students Participating In Interdisciplinary International Service-Learning, Celia Pechak, Eugenia Gonzalez, Connie Summers, Stephanie Capshaw Jan 2013

Interprofessional Education: A Pilot Study Of Rehabilitation Sciences Students Participating In Interdisciplinary International Service-Learning, Celia Pechak, Eugenia Gonzalez, Connie Summers, Stephanie Capshaw

Faculty Publications

Various models of interprofessional education, including service-learning, are used to teach students how to be effective members of healthcare teams. The purpose of this study was to examine pilot data related to the impact of an elective one-credit global health course with an international service-learning experience (ISL) on the student participants. An interdisciplinary team of 3 faculty accompanied 4 students representing occupational therapy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology programs for an 8-day ISL experience. Students responded to faculty-developed reflection questions pre-travel, during travel, and 2-weeks and 4-months post travel. Content analysis was used to analyze themes that emerged from the …

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The Effect Of Dialect On Speech Audiometry Testing, Shawn L. Nissen, Richard W. Harris, Ron W. Channell, Nathan E. Richardson, Jamie A. Garlick, Dennis L. Eggett Jan 2013

The Effect Of Dialect On Speech Audiometry Testing, Shawn L. Nissen, Richard W. Harris, Ron W. Channell, Nathan E. Richardson, Jamie A. Garlick, Dennis L. Eggett

Faculty Publications

Purpose: In this study, the authors examined the validity of using materials from 2 nonregional yet mutually intelligible dialects to evaluate an individual’s speech recognition threshold (SRT) and word recognition (WR) abilities and whether a speaker of 1 dialect could accurately administer and score materials in the other dialect. Method: Previously created SRT and WR materials were presented to 32 Mandarin listeners with normal hearing:16 speakers of Mainland Mandarin and 16 speakers of Taiwan Mandarin. Hearing abilities were examined using SRT and WR materials created for speakers from 2 different regional dialects. Presentation of the materials occur red during 2 …

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