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Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Cells
Deciphering The Contribution Of Microglia To Neurodegeneration In Friedreich's Ataxia, Sydney N. Gillette
Deciphering The Contribution Of Microglia To Neurodegeneration In Friedreich's Ataxia, Sydney N. Gillette
Master's Theses
Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is the most prevalent inherited ataxia, affecting one in every 50,000 individuals in the United States. This hereditary condition is caused by an abnormal GAA trinucleotide repeat expansion within the first intron of the frataxin gene resulting in decreased levels of the frataxin protein (FXN). Insufficient cellular frataxin levels results in iron accumulation, increased reactive oxygen species production and mitochondrial dysfunction. Tissues most heavily impacted are those most dependent on oxidative phosphorylation as an energy source and include the nervous system and muscle tissue. This is evident in the clinical phenotype which includes muscle weakness, ataxia, neurodegeneration …
Role Of Adenylyl Cyclase Type 7 In Functions Of Bv-2 Microglia, Yawen Hu, Rebecca A. Hill, Masami Yoshimura
Role Of Adenylyl Cyclase Type 7 In Functions Of Bv-2 Microglia, Yawen Hu, Rebecca A. Hill, Masami Yoshimura
School of Medicine Faculty Publications
To assess the role of adenylyl cyclase type 7 (AC7) in microglia’s immune function, we generated AC7 gene knockout (AC7 KO) clones from a mouse microglial cell line, BV-2, using the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system. The ability of BV-2 cells to generate cAMP and their innate immune functions were examined in the presence or absence of ethanol. The parental BV-2 cells showed robust cAMP production when stimulated with prostaglandin-E1 (PGE1) and ethanol increased cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner. AC7 KO clones of BV-2 cells showed diminished and ethanol-insensitive cAMP production. The phagocytic activity of the parental BV-2 cells was …
Distinct Cellular Profiles Of Hif1a And Vegf Mrna Localization In Microglia, Astrocytes And Neurons During A Period Of Vascular Maturation In The Auditory Brainstem Of Neonate Rats, Daphne Chang, Quetanya Brown, Grace Tsui, Ye He, Jia Liu, Lingyan Shi, Adrián Rodríguez-Contreras
Distinct Cellular Profiles Of Hif1a And Vegf Mrna Localization In Microglia, Astrocytes And Neurons During A Period Of Vascular Maturation In The Auditory Brainstem Of Neonate Rats, Daphne Chang, Quetanya Brown, Grace Tsui, Ye He, Jia Liu, Lingyan Shi, Adrián Rodríguez-Contreras
Advanced Science Research Center
Defining the relationship between vascular development and the expression of hypoxia-inducible factors (Hifs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf) in the auditory brainstem is important to understand how tissue hypoxia caused by oxygen shortage contributes to sensory deficits in neonates. In this study, we used histology, molecular labeling, confocal microscopy and 3D image processing methods to test the hypothesis that significant maturation of the vascular bed in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) occurs during the postnatal period that precedes hearing onset. Isolectin-B4 histochemistry experiments suggested that the MNTB vasculature becomes more elaborate between …
Cd4 Deficiency Causes Poliomyelitis And Axonal Blebbing In Murine Coronavirus-Induced Neuroinflammation., Debanjana Chakravarty, Fareeha Saadi, Soumya Kundu, Abhishek Bose, Reas Khan, Kimberly Dine, Lawrence C Kenyon, Kenneth S Shindler, Jayasri Das Sarma
Cd4 Deficiency Causes Poliomyelitis And Axonal Blebbing In Murine Coronavirus-Induced Neuroinflammation., Debanjana Chakravarty, Fareeha Saadi, Soumya Kundu, Abhishek Bose, Reas Khan, Kimberly Dine, Lawrence C Kenyon, Kenneth S Shindler, Jayasri Das Sarma
Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers
Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) is a murine betacoronavirus (m-CoV) that causes a wide range of diseases in mice and rats, including hepatitis, enteritis, respiratory diseases, and encephalomyelitis in the central nervous system (CNS). MHV infection in mice provides an efficient cause-effect experimental model to understand the mechanisms of direct virus-induced neural-cell damage leading to demyelination and axonal loss, which are pathological features of multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults. Infiltration of T lymphocytes, activation of microglia, and their interplay are the primary pathophysiological events leading to disruption of the myelin sheath in MS. However, …
Pathological Effects Of Repeated Concussive Tbi In Mouse Models: Periventricular Damage And Ventriculomegaly, Richard H. Wolferz Jr.
Pathological Effects Of Repeated Concussive Tbi In Mouse Models: Periventricular Damage And Ventriculomegaly, Richard H. Wolferz Jr.
Honors Scholar Theses
Repeated concussive traumatic brain injury (rcTBI) is the most prominent form of head injury affecting the brain, with an estimated 1.7 million Americans affected each year (Kuhn 2012). Neurologists have been concerned about the danger of repeated head impacts since the 1920’s, but researchers have only begun to understand the long-term effects of rcTBI (McKee 2009). Although symptoms can be as mild as dizziness, current research suggests that multiple concussions can lead to a progressive degenerative brain disease known as chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) (Luo 2008, McKee 2009, Kane 2013). Research on the brain is just beginning to scratch the …