Anatomy Commons^™

The Effect Of Running On The Onset And Development Of Osteoarthritis, Jordan Hekman

Senior Honors Theses

Osteoarthritis is a prominent and debilitating form of joint disease characterized by pain and deterioration of the articular cartilage and other tissues in the affected joint. Research has identified a variety of risk factors for osteoarthritis, including age, obesity, gender, previous injury, and occupation. The relationship between running and osteoarthritis is a topic of particular interest because of the prevalence of running as a simple and physiologically beneficial form of exercise. Increasing evidence suggests that recreational running has at worst no effect and at best a protective effect on joint and articular cartilage health in contrast to high-intensity professional/elite-level running …

Anatomy Academy Service-Learning Project: Attacking The Epidemic Of Childhood Obesity, Kelsey Kjer, Rosedaveia Howell, Brennan Kitchen, Francesca Schutte

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The World Health Organization has classified childhood obesity as one of the most serious public health concerns in the world. Obesity is known to have detrimental health consequences and be a risk for comorbidities. On top of the consequences of obesity already seen in young children at school, a lack of health education interventions in many elementary schools remains a significant health disparity. Anatomy Academy (AA) is a seven-week curriculum designed to educate children about their bodies and the importance of gaining and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of this service-learning project was to educate elementary school students in …

Barriers To Screening For Diabetic Retinopathy: A Scoping Review, Amy Cooper Rn, Bsn, Lajerica Bates Rn, Bsn, Julie Bridges Rn, Bsn, Laura Reed Dnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background

More than 34 million people in the United States have diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major complication of diabetes and a leading cause of vision loss. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, and being African American or Hispanic/Latino. This scoping review seeks to analyze the current research on ways to increase vision screenings, thus reducing cases of diabetic retinopathy in adults.

Methods

Between September 2020 and November 2021, a search was conducted using PubMed, EBSCOhost, Medline, and CINAHL to identify articles using keywords such as diabetic retinopathy and ophthalmology. This …

Thrompella: Acute Impella Thrombosis During Ecpella Support, Faris Araj, Hurst M. Hall, Amy E. Hackmann

The VAD Journal

We present a case of acute Impella thrombosis during Ecpella support in a 48-year-old man listed for a heart transplant. After two weeks of Ecpella support, echocardiography revealed a 2.6 x 1.1 cm mobile thrombus attached to the Impella inlet (Video). The Impella and attached thrombus were pulled across the aortic valve into the descending aorta and removed without systemic thromboembolism. Due to the ongoing need for left ventricular venting, a new Impella CP was placed.

Special Needs In Pediatric Dentistry, Emma Kail

Health Sciences Presentations

Over the summer of 2022 I got the chance to work on my internship at a special needs and non special needs focused dentistry. Through this presentation I focus mainly on the pediatric special needs aspect of the dental care given to patients. Throughout the poster I speak about the importance of special needs care within dentistry and the field of dental health itself, where I worked and how they accommodated and worked with those with special needs to give the best care possible, and finally how this experience has changed my goals set for my future, especially within the …

Attitudes Toward Personal Health Data Sharing Among People Living With Sickle Cell Disorder, Exemplar For Study Of Rare Disease Populations, Rebecca Baines, Sebastian Stevens, Zainab Garba-Sani, Arunangsu Chatterjee, Daniela Austin, Simon Leigh

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Rare conditions are often poorly understood, creating barriers in determining the value treatments can provide. This study explored barriers and facilitators to personal health data sharing among those with one particular group of rare hematologic disorders, ie, sickle cell disorder (SCD) and its variants.

Methods: A single online focus group among those > 18 years of age and living with SCD was conducted. Participants (N = 25) were recruited through a United Kingdom-based SCD charity. Discussions were transcribed verbatim, with data therein analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.

Results: Five primary motivators for sharing health data were identified: improving awareness; knowing …

Quality Assurance In Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients, Ruzica Mrkonjic

The VAD Journal

The selection of patients for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a critical component of any perfusion program. Teams must evaluate when to start the support, how long to support the patient, and when is the ideal time to wean. The timing of ECMO support is debated. While some programs emphasize prompt timing, others suggest the conservative approach is better (>7 hours). Delaying ECMO support could increase complications; thus, more evidence has been attained for prompt support. Importantly, complications are common with ECMO support. Despite advances in ECMO support over the last ten years, bleeding remains a high risk. …

Exploring Hapi Incidence In Patients Admitted Through The Ed: A Quality Improvement Initiative, Alexa L. Tietgens

DNP Projects

Each year in the U.S., pressure injuries, or PIs, are responsible for more than 60,000 patient deaths and billions of dollars’ worth of treatment costs. Research shows that roughly 95% of all PIs are preventable by following evidence-based practice guidelines which include early identification of patients at risk, frequent skin assessments, and implementation of prevention strategies. However, the ED environment creates unique risks for PI development due to the routine use of hard surfaces (i.e., stretchers, backboards, exam tables) and frequent hospital overcrowding. Although nurses play a pivotal role in PI prevention, frequent staffing shortages, high patient acuity levels, and …

Spatiotemporally Dynamic Electric Fields For Brain Cancer Treatment: An In Vitro Investigation, Erin Iredale, Abdulla Elsaleh, Hu Xu, Paul Christiaans, Andrew Deweyert, John Ronald, Susanne Schmid, Matthew O Hebb, Terry M Peters, Eugene Wong

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Objective. The treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) using low intensity electric fields (∼1 V cm^-1) is being investigated using multiple implanted bioelectrodes, which was termed intratumoral modulation therapy (IMT). Previous IMT studies theoretically optimized treatment parameters to maximize coverage with rotating fields, which required experimental investigation. In this study, we employed computer simulations to generate spatiotemporally dynamic electric fields, designed and purpose-built an IMT device for in vitro experiments, and evaluated the human GBM cellular responses to these fields. Approach. After measuring the electrical conductivity of the in vitro culturing medium, we designed experiments to evaluate the …

Dpp8 Selective Inhibitor Tominostat As A Novel And Broad-Spectrum Anticancer Agent Against Hematological Malignancies, Shohei Kikuchi, Akinori Wada, Yusuke Kamihara, Kosuke Okazaki, Paras Jawaid, Mati Ur Rehman, Eiji Kobayashi, Takeshi Susukida, Tomoki Minemura, Yoshimi Nabe

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

DPP8/9 inhibition induces either pyroptotic or apoptotic cell death in hematological malignancies. We previously reported that treatment with the DPP8/9 inhibitor 1G244 resulted in apoptotic cell death in myeloma, and our current study further evaluates the mechanism of action of 1G244 in different blood cancer cell lines. Specifically, 1G244 inhibited DPP9 to induce GSDMD-mediated-pyroptosis at low concentrations and inhibited DPP8 to cause caspase-3-mediated-apoptosis at high concentrations. HCK expression is necessary to induce susceptibility to pyroptosis but does not participate in the induction of apoptosis. To further characterize this DPP8-dependent broad-spectrum apoptosis induction effect, we evaluated the potential antineoplastic role for …

Moerv14 Mediates The Intracellular Transport Of Cell Membrane Receptors To Govern The Appressorial Formation And Pathogenicity Of Magnaporthe Oryzae, Bin Qian, Xiaotong Su, Ziyuan Ye, Xinyu Liu, Muxing Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Ping Wang, Zhengguang Zhang

School of Graduate Studies Faculty Publications

Magnaporthe oryzae causes rice blasts posing serious threats to food security worldwide. During infection, M. oryzae utilizes several transmembrane receptor proteins that sense cell surface cues to induce highly specialized infectious structures called appressoria. However, little is known about the mechanisms of intracellular receptor tracking and their function. Here, we described that disrupting the coat protein complex II (COPII) cargo protein MoErv14 severely affects appressorium formation and pathogenicity as the ΔMoerv14 mutant is defective not only in cAMP production but also in the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) MoPmk1. Studies also showed that either externally supplementing cAMP or …

Developmental Changes In Electrophysiological Properties Of Auditory Cortical Neurons In The Cntnap2 Knockout Rat, Rajkamalpreet S Mann, Brian L Allman, Susanne Schmid

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Disruptions in the CNTNAP2 gene are known to cause language impairments and symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Importantly, knocking out this gene in rodents results in ASD-like symptoms that include auditory processing deficits. This study used in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology to examine developmental alterations in auditory cortex pyramidal neurons of Cntnap2^-/- rats, hypothesizing that CNTNAP2 is essential for maintaining intrinsic neuronal properties and synaptic wiring in the developing auditory cortex. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were conducted in wildtype and Cntnap2^-/- littermates at three postnatal age ranges (P8-12, P18-21, and …

Effects Of Diet On Lcn2 Expression And Onset Of Neuroinflammation In An Alzheimer’S Disease Mice Model, Abdirahman A. Hayir

Neuroscience Honors Projects

This project covers the findings regarding the impact of diet on lipocalin 2 (LCN2) and the effects it has on neuroinflammation Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). LCN2 is a protein that is critical to the functionality of mitochondria and inflammatory responses. Evidence has shown that mitochondrial dysfunction is a potential central event in driving AD pathogenesis and contributing to formation of pathological hallmarks such as chronic inflammation. Furthermore, studies have shown that LCN2 can be deficient under metabolic conditions such as high-fat-diet (HFD). This study investigates if HFD induces LCN2 deficiency and increased neuroinflammation in an AD mice model.

The Process Of Developing A Piece Of Children’S Literature Over The 12 Cranial Nerves For The School Aged Child To Comprehend And Retain, Macey Kanaman

Honors Theses

No abstract provided.

Introduction To Human Biology, Sharon S. Ellerton, Christopher Roblodowski

Open Educational Resources

This OER is intended as a textbook for a one semester introductory course in Human Anatomy and Physiology for non-science majors. It covers the major topics typically covered in A&P, but in a simplified, easier to understand manner. This textbook aims to educate students interested in lower-level health careers and non-science majors without the intimidating detail found in current textbooks. Text and images were created to be more accessible for these student populations.

Transcriptome Profiling Of A Synergistic Volumetric Muscle Loss Repair Strategy, Kevin Roberts, John Taehwan Kim, Jacob Schluns, Grady Dunlap, Jamie Hestekin, Jeffery Wolchok

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Volumetric muscle loss overwhelms skeletal muscle’s ordinarily capable regenerative machinery, resulting in severe functional deficits that have defied clinical repair strategies. In this manuscript we pair the early in vivo functional response induced by differing volumetric muscle loss tissue engineering repair strategies that are broadly representative of those explored by the field (scaffold alone, cells alone, or scaffold + cells) to the transcriptomic response induced by each intervention. We demonstrate that an implant strategy comprising allogeneic decellularized skeletal muscle scaffolds seeded with autologous minced muscle cellular paste (scaffold + cells) mediates a pattern of increased expression for several genes known …

Triazole Compounds – Potentials In The Treatment Of Cystic Fibrosis, Maggie Taylor

Undergraduate Research Conference

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that affects the respiratory and digestive system and is most common among Caucasians of Northern European origin. CF is caused by mutations in a membrane protein CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane-conductance Regulator). This mutation impairs the membrane protein’s chloride ion channel function. One of the most common CFTR mutations is the DF508 mutation that affects over 70% of CF cases. Our research has shown that the DF508-CFTR mutation can be partially reversed by physical and chemical means [Heda & Marino, BBRC, 271:659-664, 2000]. In cell lines expressing DF508-CFTR, synthetic anion carriers have shown to …

Es-03 The Effects Of A Warmup Protocol Involving The Nordic Hamstring Exercise On Vertical Squat Jump Performance And Peak Muscular Activation, Reagan Hunter, Jeff Barfield

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Background: Vertical jumping is one of the most popular ways of assessing athleticism and power output of the lower body in both professional and recreational sport settings. Therefore, having access to an appropriate warmup protocol for enhancing this skill and the power output associated with it is essential for athletes whose success depends on the ability to perform it. Current literature demonstrates similar posterior kinetic chain muscle engagement during the vertical squat jump and during an exercise called the Nordic Hamstring Curl. The literature additionally demonstrates significant effects on strength and athleticism when the exercise is used in long-term training …

Uh-02 A Case Report Of The Potential Link Between Pulmonary Fibrosis And Diabetes Mellitus, Bryson T. Rose, Isabella Nielson, Nnenna Igwe

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic lung disease that is characterized by the progressive and irreversible scarring of the lung tissue. This scarring greatly diminishes the efficiency of pulmonary function. After being diagnosed with pulmonary fibrosis, patients live, on average, only three to five years. Diabetes mellitus is known to damage the tissue and blood vessels in organs such as the heart and kidneys due to increased intravascular pressure.

According to recent research, diabetes mellitus has also been linked to similar damage in the lungs. Additionally, a 2021 meta-analysis and systematic review of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggests an association between diabetes …

Uh-03 A Case Report Of Saint’S Triad And The Diagnostic Implications For Clinicians, Catalina S. Molina, Nnenna Igwe, Hannah Young

SC Upstate Research Symposium

Abstract

Study Design- Case Report

Background- In the process of dissecting a 78-year-old male cadaver, the body was found to have an enlarged heart, an aortic aneurysm, a hiatal hernia, the stomach protruding through the thoracic cavity. The discovery led to the suspicion of a disease known as Saint’s Triad. Saint’s Triad is a manifestation of a general connective tissue disorder, resulting in the formation of hernias, diverticula, aneurysms, or COPD. The objective is to raise awareness of the Saint’s Triad as a disease and demonstrate its relationship with connective tissue disorders. This study also aims to encourage medical professionals …

Visualizing Lipid Membrane Structure With Cryo-Em: Past, Present, And Future, Karan D Sharma, Frederick A Heberle, M Neal Waxham

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The development of electron cryomicroscopy (cryo-EM) has evolved immensely in the last several decades and is now well-established in the analysis of protein structure both in isolation and in their cellular context. This review focuses on the history and application of cryo-EM to the analysis of membrane architecture. Parallels between the levels of organization of protein structure are useful in organizing the discussion of the unique parameters that influence the collective behavior that influences membrane structure and function. Importantly, the timescales of lipid motion in bilayers with respect to the timescales of sample vitrification is discussed and reveals what types …

Small Demos, Big Impacts When Teaching Exercise Physiology, Erin White

Educational Practices in Kinesiology

Comprehension of exercise physiology topics as an undergraduate student can be difficult. Thus, finding creative ways to present material can improve student comprehension and retention. The purpose of the three demonstrations presented will teach three concepts to lower-division students in an undergraduate Exercise Physiology course (prerequisite knowledge in college-level Human Anatomy and Human Physiology courses). These demonstrations take place in-person, in the classroom, with an estimated total time commitment of approximately10 minutes. The purpose of demonstrations 1 and 2 will aid students in differentiating between Golgi Tendon Organs (Demonstration 1) and muscle spindles (Demonstration 2), including their location and protective …

How Some Arboreal Salamanders (Genus Aneides) Jump, Glide, And Generate Lift, Christian E. Brown

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The jumping and subsequent aerial behaviors of arboreal lungless salamanders (genus Aneides) had never been investigated or described. The aims of this research were to (1) compare jumping performance within the family Plethodontidae with a special focus on arboreal species from genus Aneides, (2) describe the biomechanics and kinematics of aerial behaviors after a jump or extended fall, and (3) model airflow over the morphology of the most aerially adept salamanders to investigate if they are capable of generating lift. First, I recorded salamanders jumping, locomoting vertically, dropping, and flying in a vertical wind tunnel. Then, I laser-scanned and reconstructed …

Enhanced Ca2+-Channeling Complex Formation At The Er-Mitochondria Interface Underlies The Pathogenesis Of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease, Themis Thoudam, Dipanjan Chanda, Jung Yi Lee, Min Kyo Jung, Ibotombi Singh Sinam, Byung Gyu Kim, Bo Yoon Park, Woong Hee Kwon, Hyo Jeong Kim, Myeongjin Kim, Chae Won Lim, Hoyul Lee, Yang Hoon Huh, Caroline A. Miller, Romil Saxena, Nicholas J. Skill, Nazmul Huda, Praveen Kusumanchi, Jing Ma, Zhihong Yang, Min Ji Kim, Ji Young Mun, Robert A. Harris, Jae Han Jeon, Suthat Liangpunsakul, In Kyu Lee

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Ca2+ overload-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as a major contributing factor in the pathogenesis of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). However, the initiating factors that drive mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation in ALD remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that an aberrant increase in hepatic GRP75-mediated mitochondria-associated ER membrane (MAM) Ca2+-channeling (MCC) complex formation promotes mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro and in male mouse model of ALD. Unbiased transcriptomic analysis reveals PDK4 as a prominently inducible MAM kinase in ALD. Analysis of human ALD cohorts further corroborate these findings. Additional mass spectrometry analysis unveils GRP75 as a downstream phosphorylation target of PDK4. Conversely, non-phosphorylatable GRP75 …

Clinical Features And Shared Mechanisms Of Chronic Gastritis And Osteoporosis, Tao Han, Yili Zhang, Baoyu Qi, Ming Chen, Kai Sun, Xiaokuan Qin, Bowen Yang, He Yin, Aili Xu, Xu Wei, Liguo Zhu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic gastritis (CG) and osteoporosis (OP) are common and occult diseases in the elderly and the relationship of these two diseases have been increasingly exposed. We aimed to explore the clinical characteristics and shared mechanisms of CG patients combined with OP. In the cross-sectional study, all participants were selected from BEYOND study. The CG patients were included and classified into two groups, namely OP group and non-OP group. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods were used to evaluate the influencing factors. Furthermore, CG and OP-related genes were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified …

The Effects Of Demographics And Risk Factors On The Morphological Characteristics Of Human Femoropopliteal Arteries, Sayed Ahmadreza Razian, Majid Jadidi, Alexey Kamenskiy

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Background: Disease of the lower extremity arteries (Peripheral Arterial Disease, PAD) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. During disease development, the arteries adapt by changing their diameter, wall thickness, and residual deformations, but the effects of demographics and risk factors on this process are not clear.

Methods: Superficial femoral arteries from 736 subjects (505 male, 231 female, 12 to 99 years old, average age 51±17.8 years) and the associated demographic and risk factor variables were used to construct machine learning (ML) regression models that predicted morphological characteristics (diameter, wall thickness, and longitudinal opening angle resulting from the …

Glycemic Challenge Is Associated With The Rapid Cellular Activation Of The Locus Ceruleus And Nucleus Of Solitary Tract: Circumscribed Spatial Analysis Of Phosphorylated Map Kinase Immunoreactivity, Arshad Khan

Selected Works Temporary Series

Rodent studies indicate that impaired glucose utilization or hypoglycemia is associated with the cellular activation of neurons in the medulla (Winslow, 1733) (MY), believed to control feeding behavior and glucose counterregulation. However, such activation has been tracked primarily within hours of the challenge, rather than sooner, and has been poorly mapped within standardized brain atlases. Here, we report that, within 15 min of receiving 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 250 mg/kg, i.v.), which can trigger glucoprivic feeding behavior, marked elevations were observed in the numbers of rhombic brain (His, 1893) (RB) neuronal cell profiles immunoreactive for the cellular activation marker(s), phosphorylated p44/42 MAP …

Glycemic Challenge Is Associated With The Rapid Cellular Activation Of The Locus Ceruleus And Nucleus Of Solitary Tract: Circumscribed Spatial Analysis Of Phosphorylated Map Kinase Immunoreactivity, Khan

Departmental Papers (Biology)

Rodent studies indicate that impaired glucose utilization or hypoglycemia is associated with the cellular activation of neurons in the medulla (Winslow, 1733) (MY), believed to control feeding behavior and glucose counterregulation. However, such activation has been tracked primarily within hours of the challenge, rather than sooner, and has been poorly mapped within standardized brain atlases. Here, we report that, within 15 min of receiving 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG; 250 mg/kg, i.v.), which can trigger glucoprivic feeding behavior, marked elevations were observed in the numbers of rhombic brain (His, 1893) (RB) neuronal cell profiles immunoreactive for the cellular activation marker(s), phosphorylated p44/42 MAP …

Differentiating Axonal From Demyelinating Neuropathies Using Multiparametric Quantitative Mri Of Peripheral Nerves, Jacob D. Baraz, Stephanie Xuan, Sadaf Saba, Xue Yang, Ryan Castoro, Yang Xuan, Alison Roth, Richard D. Dortch, Jun Li, Yongsheng Chen

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To develop a multiparametric quantitative MRI (qMRI) method to track pathological changes in the peripheral neuropathies.

Background: Irrespective of the causes or types of polyneuropathies, peripheral nerves are mainly afflicted by two kinds of pathologies – axonal loss and demyelination. It is critical to differentiate between the two as treatments are different for the two conditions. While nerve conduction studies (NCS) have been used to differentiate the two pathologies in the distal nerves, there are no tools to probe the pathologies in the proximal peripheral nerves. This is particularly needed when distal nerves become non-responsive in NCS.

Methods: We …

The Top 50 Most Cited Articles On The Medial Patellofemoral Ligament (Mpfl): A Bibliometric Analysis, Varag Abed, Alex Duvall, Jonathan D. Rexroth, Alyssa Goodwin, Joseph Liu, Austin Stone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Objectives: To determine which original articles on the topic of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) have been cited the most in the literature utilizing a bibliometric approach. Secondarily, to determine temporal trends between article types.

Methods: Articles on the topic of the MPFL were identified by utilizing the Web of Science Database. The search yielded 1,596 results and the top 50 cited original articles were collected for further analysis. The following information was gathered for all included articles: title, first author's name, journal name, year of publication, impact factor of the journal in 2021, total number of citations of the …