Anatomy Commons^™

Neuroanatomy Of The Subadult And Fetal Brain Of The Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus Acutus) From In Situ Magnetic Resonance Images, Eric W. Montie, Gerald E. Schneider, Darlene R. Ketten, Lori Marino, Katie E. Touhey, Mark E. Hahn

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

This article provides the first anatomically labeled, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -based atlas of the subadult and fetal Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) brain. It differs from previous MRI-based atlases of cetaceans in that it was created from images of fresh, postmortem brains in situ rather than extracted, formalin-fixed brains. The in situ images displayed the classic hallmarks of odontocete brains: fore-shortened orbital lobes and pronounced temporal width. Olfactory structures were absent and auditory regions (e.g., temporal lobes and inferior colliculi) were enlarged. In the subadult and fetal postmortem MRI scans, the hippocampus was identifiable, despite the relatively small size …

Is Electrical Stimulation A Predictive Tool For Autonomic Dysfunction In Males With Diabetes?, Susan Dorothy Rand

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The purpose of this study was to examine whether electrical stimulation can be used as a predictive tool to assess autonomic dysfunction in males with diabetes. The study was designed to better understand the extent of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in the diabetic population.

Controls and patients with diabetes were recruited from the community at large and the Loma Linda University Diabetes Treatment Center and were managed by a physician. Twelve (12) people with diabetes and thirteen (13) control subjects participated. Mean age (years) for people with diabetes was 52.4 +/- 6.1 and 47.2 +/-11.1 for controls (p =0.05). …

The Long-Term Teratogenic Effect Of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure On The Somatosensory And Motor Cortex Of Rats, Tyson Chappell

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The primary goal of this dissertation was to examine the long-term effect of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) on the primary somatosensory (SI) and primary motor cortex (MI). For over 30 years, PAE has been shown to produce a triad of symptoms (growth deficits, craniofacial dysmorphologies and central nervous system disruptions) diagnosed as fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) in children and adults. Since low to moderate levels of prenatal alcohol exposure are less likely to produce FAS symptoms in children, the term “PAE” in this dissertation typically refers to heavy/abusive/chronic levels of prenatal alcohol exposure (in humans this equates to 5+ drinks/per …

Microfabrication Of An Optical Chamber For Exposing Living Cells To Pulsed Electric Fields, Saleh Sheikh

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

I have fabricated a chamber which enables the application of Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields (nsPEFs) to living cells while monitoring their real time fluorescence with an inverted microscope. The No. I thickness (150µm nominal) coverslip glass substrate used for fabrication allows the use of high numerical aperture oil immersion objectives for imaging intracellular organelles. Electrodes are fabricated by first evaporating a chromium adhesion layer, followed by a nickel seed layer. Subsequently, an ultra-thick positive photoresist is applied and patterned to create a 30µm thick electroplating mold. The electrodes are then electrodeposited into the mold from a nickel sulfamate plating bath. …

Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma Breast With Central Necrosis Closely Mimicking Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (Comedo Type): A Case Series, Shahid Pervez, Hassan Khan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Here we present a series of infiltrative ductal carcinoma breast cases (infiltrative ductal carcinoma with central necrosis) so closely mimicking 'DCIS with central comedo necrosis' that on initial morphological analysis these foci of tumors were labeled as DCIS (high grade, comedo). However on further histological work up and by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) for myoepithelial markers it was later confirmed that these were foci of infiltrative ductal carcinoma breast with central necrosis. This case series gives the realization that a breast carcinoma may be partly or entirely DCIS like yet invasive. In such a dilemma IHC especially for assessment of myoepithelial …

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Lori Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

A Role For The Forebrain In Mediating Time-Of-Day Differences In Glucocorticoid Counterregulatory Responses To Hypoglycemia In Rats, Gorton, Arshad Khan, Maryann Bohland, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, Casey Donovan, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Role Of Nogo-A During Development Of The Chick Central Nervous System, Shelly A. Caltharp

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

Nogo-A is a potent inhibitor of axon regeneration that is expressed by myelin forming oligodendrocytes of the adult central nervous system (CNS). However, neuronal expression of Nogo-A during development suggests an additional role. Little is known about the putative functions of Nogo-A during embryonic development. To examine its potential role we isolated and analyzed the Nogo-A sequence in the chick, we localized its mRNA expression pattern and cell-specific distribution during key phases of cortical development, and studied regulation of its expression during phases that showed promise of function based on expression patterns.

Our results revealed five previously undescribed Nogo-A specific …

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Arshad Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Selected Works Temporary Series

No abstract provided.

Phenotypic Alterations In Type Ii Alveolar Epithelial Cells In Cd4+ T Cell Mediated Lung Inflammation, Marcus Gereke, Lothar Gröbe, Silvia Prettin, Michael Kasper, Stefanie Deppenmeier, Achim D. Gruber, Richard I. Enelow, Jan Buer, Dunja Bruder

Dartmouth Scholarship

Although the contribution of alveolar type II epithelial cell (AEC II) activities in various aspects of respiratory immune regulation has become increasingly appreciated, our understanding of the contribution of AEC II transcriptosome in immunopathologic lung injury remains poorly understood. We have previously established a mouse model for chronic T cell-mediated pulmonary inflammation in which influenza hemagglutinin (HA) is expressed as a transgene in AEC II, in mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for a class II-restricted epitope of HA. Pulmonary inflammation in these mice occurs as a result of CD4+ T cell recognition of alveolar antigen. This model …

Catecholaminergic Control Of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling In Paraventricular Neuroendocrine Neurons In Vivo And In Vitro: A Proposed Role During Glycemic Challenges, Khan, Todd Ponzio, Graciela Sanchez-Watts, B. Stanley, Glenn Hatton, Alan Watts

Departmental Papers (Biology)

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Intensity Of Aerobic Vo2max Resting Heart Rate And Blood Pressure, Shannan Elizabeth Gormley

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

The AGSM recommends 20 to 60 minutes of continuous or intermittent activity 3 to 5 times per week to maintain cardio respiratory fitness (Pollock et al., 1998). The 1996 Surgeon General's Report on Physical Activity and Health indicates that Americans are not meeting these physical activity recommendations (DHHS). Several clear consequences of physical inactivity are the appearance of cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity. Two recent review articles suggested that higher intensity exercise will elicit a greater reduction in cardiovascular disease risk factors (Swain and Franklin, 2002; Swain and Franklin, 2006). In order to determine whether …

Survival After Bidirectional Cavopulmonary Anastomosis: Analysis Of Preoperative Risk Factors., Mark A. Scheurer, Elizabeth G Hill, Nagavardhan Vasuki, Scott Maurer, Eric M. Graham, Varsha Bandisode, Girish S. Shirali, Andrew M. Atz, Scott M. Bradley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

OBJECTIVE: Prognostic factors for survival after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis for functionally single ventricle are not well defined. We analyzed preoperative hemodynamic and echocardiographic data to determine risk factors for death or transplantation at least 1 year after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.

METHODS: Data for all patients who underwent bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis before 5 years of age at our institution from September 1995 through June 2005 were analyzed. Available preoperative echocardiograms and catheterizations were reviewed. Survivors were compared with those who died or underwent transplantation. Bivariable associations between demographic and clinical risk factors and survival status (alive without transplantation vs dead or …

Cetacean Brains: How Aquatic Are They?, Lori Marino

Anatomy Collection

The adaptation of cetaceans to a fully aquatic lifestyle represents one of the most dramatic transformations in mammalian evolutionary history. Two of the most salient features of modern cetaceans are their fully aquatic lifestyle and their large brains. This review article will offer an overview of comparative neuroanatomical research on aquatic mammals, including analyses of odontocete cetacean, sirenian, pinniped, and fossil archaeocete brains. In particular, the question of whether a relationship exists between being fully aquatic and having a large brain is addressed. It has been hypothesized that the large, well‐developed cetacean brain is a direct product of adaptation to …

The Flagellum Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Is Required For Resistance To Clearance By Surfactant Protein A, Shiping Zhang, Francis X. Mccormack, Roger C. Levesque, George A. O'Toole, Gee W. Lau

Dartmouth Scholarship

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) is an important lung innate immune protein that kills microbial pathogens by opsonization and membrane permeabilization. We investigated the basis of SP-A-mediated pulmonary clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using genetically-engineered SP-A mice and a library of signature-tagged P. aeruginosa mutants. A mutant with an insertion into flgE, the gene that encodes flagellar hook protein, was preferentially cleared by the SP-A(+/+) mice, but survived in the SP-A(-/-) mice. Opsonization by SP-A did not play a role in flgE clearance. However, exposure to SP-A directly permeabilized and killed the flgE mutant, but not the wild-type parental strain. P. aeruginosa …

Cetaceans Have Complex Brains For Complex Cognition, Lori Marino, Richard C. Connor, R. Ewan Fordyce, Louis M. Herman, Patrick R. Hof, Louis Lefebvre, David Lusseau, Brenda Mccowan, Esther A. Nimchinsky, Adam A. Pack, Luke Rendell, Joy S. Reidenberg, Diana Reiss, Mark D. Uhen, Estel Van Der Gucht, Hal Whitehead

Anatomy Collection

We believe that the time is ripe to present an integrated view of cetacean brains, behavior, and evolution based on the wealth of accumulated and recent data on these topics. Our conclusions support the more generally accepted view that the large brain of cetaceans evolved to support complex cognitive abilities.

Maturational Changes In Cerebrovascular Thick- And Thin-Filament Regulation, Renan Joel Sandoval

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The present study focused on the main hypothesis that age-related changes in myofilament Ca²⁺ sensitivity involve simultaneous changes in the relations between cytosolic Ca²⁺ transients, myosin phosphorylation, and force development. To define the effects of late fetal and early postnatal maturation, parallel experiments were carried out using cerebral arteries from both term lamb fetuses (140-141 days of gestation) and nonpregnant adult sheep. Fetal and adult cerebral arteries were stimulated by either mechanically, electromechanically, and/or pharmacomechanically-induced contractions, and the relations of cytosolic Ca²⁺, MLC phosphorylation, and contractile tensions were measured. These measurements allowed for stimulus and age-dependent …

Probing The Role Of Nascent Helicity In Protein Function: P27kip1 As A Regulator Of The Cell Cycle, Steve Otieno

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

p27^kip1 binds to and regulates the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) which are the master timekeepers of the cell division cycle. Members of the p27 family of proteins, also including p21 and p57, are called cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs). The amino terminal domain of p27 inhibits Cdk activity and is referred to as the kinase inhibitory domain (KID). The KID is comprised of a cyclin-binding domain (D1) and a Cdk binding domain (D2) joined by a 22 residue linker domain (LH). Structural analysis of the KID in solution before binding its Cdk targets revealed that D1 and D2 are …

Smoking During Pregnancy Affects Speech-Processing Ability In Newborn Infants, Alexandra P.F. Key, Melissa Ferguson, Dennis L. Molfese, Kelley Peach, Victoria J. Molfese

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking during pregnancy is known to adversely affect development of the central nervous system in babies of smoking mothers by restricting utero–placental blood flow and the amount of oxygen available to the fetus. Behavioral data associate maternal smoking with lower verbal scores and poorer performance on specific language/auditory tests.

OBJECTIVES: In the current study we examined the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on newborns’ speech processing ability as measured by event-related potentials (ERPs).

METHOD: High-density ERPs were recorded within 48 hr of birth in healthy newborn infants of smoking (n = 8) and nonsmoking …

Fibrocystin/Polyductin, Found In The Same Protein Complex With Polycystin-2, Regulates Calcium Responses In Kidney Epithelia, Shizuan Wang, Jingjing Zhang, Surya M. Nauli, Xiaogang Li, Patrick G. Starremans, Ying Luo, Kristina A. Roberts, Jing Zhou

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Recent evidence suggests that fibrocystin/polyductin (FPC), polycystin-1 (PC1), and polycystin-2 (PC2) are all localized at the plasma membrane and the primary cilium, where PC1 and PC2 contribute to fluid How sensation and may function in the same mechanotransduction pathways. To further define the exact subcellular localization of FPC, the protein product encoded by the PKHD1 gene responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (PKD) in humans, and whether FPC has direct and/or indirect cross talk with PC2, which, in turn, is pivotal for the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant PKD, we performed double immunostaining and coimmunoprecipitation as well as a microfluorimetry …

Unlv Magazine, Grace Russell, Gian Galassi, Shane Bevell, Karyn S. Hollingsworth, Jennifer Lawson, Lori Bachand, Cate Weeks, Erin O'Donnell, Peter Starkweather

UNLV Magazine

No abstract provided.

Finding The Fastest Way To Her Heart: Linking Clinical And Policy Pathways, Paula Johnson, Brian R. Schuetz, Shelley M. Stark, Dora Tovar

New England Journal of Public Policy

The Mary Horrigan Connors Center for Women’s Health and Gender Biology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston, integrates research, clinical practice, and policy analysis with practical application to emerging women’s health issues. Recently, an interdisciplinary team of practitioners examined pathways to improving women’s heart health. Beginning with the evidence that a heart-healthy diet leads to improved health outcomes for women with cardiovascular disease, the Connors Center team charted a course of intellectual exploration that culminated in a broader community dialogue on how to improve access to healthy and affordable food. Through clinical experiences, research activities, and an ongoing interchange …

The Nestin Progenitor Lineage Is The Compartment Of Origin For Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Catherine Carriere, Elliot S. Seeley, Tobias Goetze, Daniel S. Longnecker, Murray Korc

Dartmouth Scholarship

To determine the cell compartment in which initial oncogenic mutations occur in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we generated a mouse model in which endogenous expression of mutated Kras (Kras(G12D)) was initially directed to a population of pancreatic exocrine progenitors characterized by the expression of Nestin. Targeting of oncogenic Kras to such a restricted cell compartment was sufficient for the formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), putative precursors to PDAC. PanINs appeared with the same grade and frequency as observed when Kras(G12D) was targeted to the whole pancreas by a Pdx1-driven Cre recombinase strategy. Thus, the Nestin cell lineage is highly …

Transgenic Cyclin E Triggers Dysplasia And Multiple Pulmonary Adenocarcinomas, Yan Ma, Steven Fiering, Candice Black, Xi Liu, Ziqiang Yuan, Vincent A. Memoli, David J. Robbins, Heather A. Bentley, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Eugene Demidenko, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky

Dartmouth Scholarship

Cyclin E is a critical G(1)-S cell cycle regulator aberrantly expressed in bronchial premalignancy and lung cancer. Cyclin E expression negatively affects lung cancer prognosis. Its role in lung carcinogenesis was explored. Retroviral cyclin E transduction promoted pulmonary epithelial cell growth, and small interfering RNA targeting of cyclin E repressed this growth. Murine transgenic lines were engineered to mimic aberrant cyclin E expression in the lung. Wild-type and proteasome degradation-resistant human cyclin E transgenic lines were independently driven by the human surfactant C (SP-C) promoter. Chromosome instability (CIN), pulmonary dysplasia, sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway activation, adenocarcinomas, and metastases occurred. Notably, …

Fisheries Research Contract Report No. 18 - Aquatic Animal Health Subprogram: Current And Future Needs For Aquatic Animal Health Training And For Systems For Merit-Based Accreditation And Competency Assessments (Frdc Project No. 2005/641) Final Report, Matt Landos, Navneet Dhand, Brian Jones, Richard Whittington

Fisheries Research Contract Reports

To scope and clearly define current and future needs for aquatic animal health training and for systems for merit-based accreditation and competency assessments.

Provision of high quality aquatic animal health (AAH) services is a complex multidisciplinary activity. Hence, training programs must address all discipline areas to achieve the desired outcome of robust service delivery to meet all stakeholder group needs. The current and future needs for AAH training have been identified across many sectors through survey work and direct interviews with key stakeholders. There is a shortfall in both total capacity and more prominently, in the availability of high skill …

High Dietary Fat Intake Is Not Associated With High Levels Of Circulating Lipoproteins Or Total Cholesterol, C. Jayne Brahler, C. Wilson, Janine Baer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The objective of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake of fats, waist to hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), and blood lipoproteins and total cholesterol (TC) using food frequency data in one group of apparently healthy, urban African American women and their daughters (n = 110). Subjects were fasted when blood was drawn, waist and hip circumferences and body weight and height were measured, and WHR and BMI were calculated.

Average daily total fat intakes were 91.46 g and 77.83 g for mothers and daughters, respectively, but average LDL levels of 104.4 g/L and 103.1 …

Bleomycin Induced Pneumonitis: A Case Successfully Managed With High-Dose Steroids, Shahid Javed Husain, Ali Bin Sarwar Zubairi, Muhammad Irfan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

No abstract provided.

Chronic Acetaminophen Treatment Influences Indices Of Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation In The Aging Fisher 344 X Brown Norway Rat Aorta, Sarath Meduru

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

We have previously reported that aging in the Fisher 344 X Brown Norway (FBN) rat aorta is characterized by increased levels of ROS and alterations in cell signaling. Acetaminophen was found to scavenge free radicals in recent ischemia-reperfusion studies. Here we examined if chronic treatment with a therapeutic dose of acetaminophen attenuates age-associated increase in aortic ROS accumulation and signaling. FBN rats (27 month old; n=8) were subjected to 6 months of treatment with a therapeutic dose of acetaminophen (30mg/kg/day), with age-matched untreated FBN rats as controls. Protein oxidation levels were altered in control and treated aortae compared to aortae …

The Expression And Function Of Ppar And Hif-1 In Human Melanoma, Caroline Mills

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The first part of my dissertation focuses on the expression and function of PPARs in human melanoma. I found that the A375 cells were significantly growth inhibited in response to _PGJ2 and troglitazone treatment. HEMn-LP showed significant growth inhibition in response to troglitazone. I found that PPARγ and PPARδ mRNA is present in both the SK-Mel 28 and A375 cells. The relative level of PPARα mRNA expression is highest in SK-Mel 28 cells, ~3 fold higher relative to both the normal human melanocytes and A375 cells. PPARγ protein was ~50% higher in both SK-Mel 28 and A375 cells relative to …

Erythropoietin Improves Skeletal Muscle Microcirculation And Tissue Bioenergetics In A Mouse Sepsis Model, Raymod Kao, Anargyros Xenocostas, Tao Rui, Weixiong Huang, James Rose, Claudio M. Martin

Anatomy and Cell Biology Publications

Introduction The relationship between oxygen delivery and consumption in sepsis is impaired, suggesting a microcirculatory perfusion defect. Recombinant human erythropoietin ( rHuEPO) regulates erythropoiesis and also exerts complex actions promoting the maintenance of homeostasis of the organism under stress. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that rHuEPO could improve skeletal muscle capillary perfusion and tissue oxygenation in sepsis. Methods Septic mice in three experiments received rHu-EPO 400 U/kg subcutaneously 18 hours after cecal ligation and perforation ( CLP). The first experiment measured the acute effects of rHuEPO on hemodynamics, blood counts, and arterial lactate level. The …