Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment Commons^™

“Translation Of Hdac6 Pet Imaging Using [18f]Ekz-001 – Cgmp Production And Measurement Of Hdac6 Target Occupancy In Nhps” – A Review, Dania Rahal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Undergraduate Honors Theses

The inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) has been reported to alleviate the effects of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. The brain-penetrant PET radioligand [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 has high affinity and selectivity towards HDAC6 and therefore suggests great promise in therapeutic treatment studies and development for neurodegenerative diseases. “Translation of HDAC6 PET imaging using [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 – cGMP production and measurement of HDAC6 target occupancy in NHPs” has achieved an effective, fully automated method of producing [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 in compliance with current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) to support the translation of [¹⁸F]EKZ-001 PET for …

Dexmedetomidine Vs. Propofol In Postoperative Delirium Prevention, Jaclyn Burnett Rn, Srna, Montana Betts Rn, Srna, Christhian De Ochoa Rn, Srna, Maciej Chec Rn, Srna, Dwayne Accardo Dnp, Crna, Aprn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Postoperative delirium (POD) is an acute neurological condition affecting large numbers of surgical patients in various practice settings. Patients suffering from this condition face postoperative complications, increased lengths of stay, and tremendous financial burden. Understanding the contributing factors for POD, and how adjustments in intraoperative agents can prevent or reduce the incidence, is a crucial aspect of anesthesia practice. This scoping review will examine associations between POD and the intraoperative use of propofol versus dexmedetomidine with general anesthesia.

Methods Studies in this review were limited to peer-reviewed literature, published in medical and nursing journals within the last five years. …

Spectroscopic Measurements Of Meibum Compositional, Structural, And Functional Relationships To Elucidate The Role Of Meibum In Dry Eye., Anthony Chigozie Ewurum

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The major aim of my dissertation was to investigate the etiology of dry eye disease which affects about 7 million people in the United States, causing symptoms that can lead to visual disturbance. Correlation between dry eye and an abnormal lipid layer of the tear film has been found. Tear film lipids originate mostly from the meibomian glands. Cholesteryl ester (CE) and Wax ester (WE) lipids make up most of the human meibum lipidome and the CE/WE ratio has been shown to decrease in patients with meibomian gland dysfunction. Model studies using synthetic CE and WE, although providing some insight, …

Interventions To Improve Adherence To Recommended Diabetic Retinopathy Screening In Adult Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Scoping Review, Clare Anderson Bsn, Rn, Dnp, Fnp, Sarah May Bsn, Rn, Dnp, Fnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in adults. Current guidelines recommend that all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have a DR screening (DRS) upon diagnosis of T2DM and then annually, but the adherence rate is only approximately 60%. This scoping review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of primary care providers (PCPs) employing strategies to increase compliance with annual DRS among adult patients with T2DM.

Methods Between September 2021 and January 2022, a literature review was performed to collect studies evaluating interventions to increase adherence to DRS. Individual searches of PubMed, SCOPUS, and CINAHL were …

Prevention Of Diabetes-Related Hospital Readmission Following Initial Diagnosis Of Diabetes In Patients Over The Age Of Fifty: A Scoping Review, Nathan Miller Dnp, Agacnp, Fnp, Jasmine Harris Dnp, Fnp, Michael Clardy Dnp, Agacnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Acnp, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background: By reviewing multiple studies related to the treatment of patients with new diagnoses of diabetes, this scoping review will endeavor to determine which interventions, when implemented for patients over 50 years old which are newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, can decrease the likelihood of hospital readmission related to diabetes within 90 days when compared with those patients who did not receive or participate in follow-up.

Methods: For resources to be eligible to review they had to be from 2015 or after. Studies selected included patients over the age of 50 newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes subject to …

Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence: A Scoping Review, Megan E. Billingsley Bsn, Rn, Tiameria T. Ford Bsn, Rn, Mikayla E. Vican Bsn, Rn, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Rates have steadily increased in recent years due to high rates of obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles. Screening for the disease can lead to early detection and reduced morbidity/mortality, yet screening rates remain low. Existing literature is extensive in discussing methods to increase CRCS adherence; therefore, a scoping review allows for increased understanding of barriers to CRCS and how to address those barriers to increase screening compliance.

Methods A literature search was completed from September 2020 to October 2021. Multiple databases were used, including …

Annual Hepatitis C Screening Qi: A Scoping Review, Sadiat Omowunmi Adebiyi Bsn, Rn, Sakinah Shaw Bsn, Rn, Tracy Mcclinton Dnp, Ag-Acnp-Bc, Sharon Little Dnp, Fnp-Bc, Aprn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Despite the surge in HCV prevalence among pregnant women and the threat of perinatal HCV transmission, infants exposed to HCV in the United States are inadequately screened (Chappell et al., 2018). It is estimated that between 4% and 8% of babies exposed to HCV during pregnancy become infected (Watts et al., 2017). Incorporating Hep C screening with other mandated prenatal screening will play an essential role in reducing the complications associated with Hep C transmission to the newborn.

Methods Article search was done in the first three weeks of the fall 2021 semester, and a total of 63 articles …

Three-Heartbeat Multilead Ecg Recognition Method For Arrhythmia Classification, Liang-Hung Wang, Yan-Ting Yu, Wei Liu, Lu Xu, Chao-Xin Xie, Tao Yang, I-Chun Kuo, Xin-Kang Wang, Jie Gao, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the primary basis for the diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, the amount of ECG data of patients makes manual interpretation time-consuming and onerous. Therefore, the intelligent ECG recognition technology is an important means to decrease the shortage of medical resources. This study proposes a novel classification method for arrhythmia that uses for the very first time a three-heartbeat multi-lead (THML) ECG data in which each fragment contains three complete heartbeat processes of multiple ECG leads. The THML ECG data pre-processing method is formulated which makes use of the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database as training samples. Four arrhythmia classification …

Reducing 30 Day Chf Readmission Rates: Evaluating Medication Efficacy, Jesse Bebout Msn, Rn, Ccrn, Brandon May Bsn, Rn, Tiara Richmond Bsn, Rn, Margaret Harvey Phd, Aprn, Acnp-Bc, Chfn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospital readmissions and lost revenue under the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP). Medication management plays a crucial role in controlling HF symptoms leading to hospitalization. This scoping review examines the benefits of angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitors versus beta-blockers in reducing hospital readmissions within 30 days of discharge related to heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the United States.

Methods We conducted a literature search from August 2020 to November 2021 on the Google Scholar, PubMed, and CINAHL databases using the key phrases heart failure with reduced ejection, beta-blockers, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin …

Evaluation Of The Effectiveness Of An On-Site Referral System To Increase Mammography Screening Compliance: Scoping Review, Piper Black, Elizabeth R. Upchurch, Ravina Patel, Vicki Chandler Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Early detection of breast cancer through routine mammography screenings has increased the 5-year survival rate to 99% for women with cancer in the localized stage (American Cancer Society, 2021). However, this survival rate is lessened amongst women in the rural population (Leung et al., 2014). This scoping review investigates health disparities to identify interventions that improve mammography rates for women residing in rural areas.

Methods A scoping review was performed using an exclusive search for peer-reviewed mammography and rural health sources. Search phrases included were, ('Mammogram screening in rural areas'), ('Health care disparities in rural areas'), ('Secondary prevention in …

Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Adherence To Urinary Tract Infection Treatment Recommendations: A Scoping Review, Charles W. Stewart Cpnp, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background: Pediatric health is significantly affected by social determinants of health. Screening for and addressing social determinants of health helps to decrease negative effect on health outcomes. The purpose of this project is to determine if there is an association between addressing or not addressing social determinants of health by the healthcare provider and parents’ adherence to treatment recommendations in children with urinary tract infections.

Methods: Between October 2020 and November 2021, a literature review was performed to obtain data from studies regarding urinary tract infections, social determinants of health and adherence to treatment recommendations. The University of Tennessee Health …

Electrocardiogram-Based Machine Learning Emulator Model For Predicting Novel Echocardiography-Derived Phenogroups For Cardiac Risk-Stratification: A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study, Heenaben B. Patel, Naveena Yanamala, Brijesh Patel, Sameer Raina, Peter D. Farjo, Srinidhi Sunkara, Márton Tokodi, Nobuyuki Kagiyama, Grace Casaclang-Verzosa, Partho P. Sengupta

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Electrocardiography (ECG)-derived machine learning models can predict echocardiography (echo)-derived indices of systolic or diastolic function. However, systolic and diastolic dysfunction frequently coexists, which necessitates an integrated assessment for optimal risk-stratification. We explored an ECG-derived model that emulates an echo-derived model that combines multiple parameters for identifying patient phenogroups at risk for major adverse cardiac events (MACE).

Methods: In this substudy of a prospective, multicenter study, patients from 3 institutions (n = 727) formed an internal cohort, and the fourth institution was reserved as an external test set (n = 518). A previously validated patient similarity analysis model was used …

Stroke Network Of Wisconsin (Snow) Scale Predicts Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke In The Prehospital Setting, Kessarin Panichpisal, Sarah Erpenbeck, Paul Vilar, Reji P. Babygirija, Maharaj Singh, M. Riccardo Colella, Richard A. Rovin

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: In previous trials, the Stroke Network of Wisconsin (SNOW) scale accurately predicted large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke in the hospital setting. This study evaluated SNOW scale performance in the prehospital setting and its ability to predict LVO or distal medium vessel occlusion (DMVO) in patients suspected of having acute ischemic stroke (AIS), a scenario in which transport time to an endovascular treatment-capable facility (ECSC) is critical.

Methods: All potential AIS patients with last-known-well time of ≤ 24 hours were assessed by Milwaukee County Emergency Medical Services for LVO using SNOW. Patients with a positive SNOW score were transferred to …

Impact Of Ante- And Postnatal Depression Screening In Women With Hiv: A Scoping Review, Kimberly M. Grider Bsn, Rn, Pmh-Bc, Bao Chau Le Bsn, Rn, Blessing Okon Bsn, Rn, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Maternal depression has been identified as a strong predictor of poor prenatal care. Among pregnant women living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), mental health-related factors such as depression could potentially undermine effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, increase mortality, and cause poor HIV viral suppression consequently impacting vertical transmission of HIV. This scoping review aims to identify existing knowledge regarding the impact of ante- and postnatal depression screening in women with HIV and to adduce the necessity for effective screening.

Methods A literature search was performed for studies with primary outcomes of depression screening within the context of ante- or …

Liquid Biopsies For Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Biomarkers For Disease Risk And Diagnosis, Stephanie Chidester

Dissertations

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has reached epidemic proportions in the United States. There is a critical need for earlier and more effective screening and diagnostic tools. Innovative liquid biopsy technologies may play a key role in meeting this need. Liquid biopsies are a non-invasive, adjunctive tool for determining diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. This dissertation focuses on two potential applications of liquid biopsy technologies to T2DM: (1) epigenome-wide association studies to identify epigenetic markers of risk for T2DM, and (2) extracellular vesicle (EV)-based biomarker studies to identify and detect markers associated with T2DM development and progression. Dissertation studies: …

Sleep Deprivation And Delirium Development In The Icu, Cynthia Howell Msn Fnp-Bc, Stacy Murillo Msn Fnp-Bc, Amy Wilson Msn Fnp-Bc, Tracy Mcclinton Dnp, Ag-Acnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Delirium is an acute syndrome characterized by disturbances in cognition occurring in critically ill patients, particularly those over 65 in the intensive care unit (ICU). Numerous risk factors are associated with delirium development, with sleep being a modifiable factor. This review explores existing literature regarding the relationship between sleep deprivation and delirium development while evaluating the effectiveness of a sleep promotion protocol to decrease the incident of delirium in those ICU patients 65 years or older.

Method A literature review of peer-reviewed studies from PubMed and additional search engines was completed. Articles reviewed were published within the last five …

Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infection Prevention With Use Of Disinfection Caps: A Scoping Review, Marianne E. Person, Jessica Biggs, Elizabeth Ross, Margaret Harvey Phd, Aprn, Acnp-Bc, Chfn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Central lines provide lifesaving uses, but they also place the patient at risk for central line associated blood stream infections (CLABSI). Catheter location, length of stay, handwashing, dressing changes, and disinfection of ports before use are all factors to prevent CLABSIs, yet sometimes these measures are not enough. Disinfecting caps are another way to decrease central line infection, however not all hospitals use this method. This scoping review aims to compare CLABSI rates with and without the use of disinfecting caps for the duration of central line use in intensive care patients.

Methods From August 2019 to September 2021, …

Impact Of Spontaneous Breathing Trials On Reducing Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia In Adult Intubated Patients: A Scoping Review, Jireh R. Johnson Bsn, Rn, Hamzha Aysheh Bsn, Rn, Keianna Luckett Bsn, Rn, Margaret Harvey Phd, Aprn, Acnp-Bc, Chfn

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background For ventilated patients in the intensive care unit, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a major source of morbidity. It is difficult to diagnose due to many of the diagnostic criteria being subjective, its clinical signs that are broad, and its association with various respiratory disorders. Hospitals have developed varying ventilator bundles in expectation to prevent the incidence of Ventilator-associate pneumonia. We performed scoping review to determine the impact of spontaneous breathing trials (SBT) on reducing VAP.

Methods From August to November of 2021, using the MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases and MeSH search terms, we identified over 20,000 articles containing …

Using Digital Storytelling To Assess Patient Experience With Management Of Diabetes In Everyday Life (Model) Study Intervention, Arati Joshi

Longitudinal Scholar's Project

African Americans are disproportionately affected by obesity-associated diabetes compared to their White counterparts. While social determinants of health may contribute to their poor health outcomes, studies have shown that pragmatic primary care-based interventions can be effective in improving the management of obesity-associated diabetes. The Management of Diabetes in Everyday Life (MODEL) is a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness trial of three approaches (health coaching, text-messaging, and enhanced usual care) to supporting medically underserved African American patients with uncontrolled diabetes in improving their self-care decisions. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of the MODEL program participation on the …

Post-Intensive Care Syndrome Prevention And Detection In Covid-19 Patients, Bethany Sloane Melega

Student Scholar Showcase

COVID-19 has impacts on patient health beyond the hospital. The trauma that patients, and families of patients, can experience during an admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) can last long after discharge from the ICU and the hospital in general. The psychological and physical impacts of ICU hospitalization can cause patients to experience Post Intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). PICS is the culmination of symptoms that persist after a critical illness that involve all aspects of a patient’s physical and mental well-being and can significantly affect family life and increase recovery time. Due to the strict personal-protective equipment (PPE) usage …

Brown Fat In Humans: The Significance Of Thermogenic Active Tissue, Brett T. Swanson

Student Publications

Brown adipose tissue is a metabolically active form of fat in the body that performs a crucial function in non-shivering thermogenesis. It can be compared to the prevalent white adipose tissue which is generally understood to be energy storage in the body, with brown tissue performing an opposing role. The tissue itself contains unique gene and protein markers such as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) which allows for the thermogenic process inside the cell, burning lipids to do so. These gene and protein markers have proven to be crucial in the detection of brown adipose tissue, which had previously been thought …

Brown Adipose Tissue (Bat) Activation And Its Potential Utilization As A Treatment Option For Obesity And Diabetes, Darcie B. Schneider

Student Publications

Within the human body, there are two types of adipose tissue: white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). WAT is beneficial for insulation whereas BAT has thermogenic capacity. BAT activation increases energy consumption via heat generation. Increased energy expenditure is associated with improved glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, BAT activation research has primarily been aimed at its potential use in the treatment of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic disorders. In this literature review, BAT's thermogenic mechanisms, techniques of activation, potential therapeutic targets, and future research topics are explored.

Targeting Protein Degradation To Uncover Novel Oncoprotein Drivers Of Acute Leukemia, Fatemeh Keramatnia

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer and the second most common acute leukemia in adults, arises from clonal expansion of undifferentiated lymphoid precursor cells in bone marrow. Despite the extensive knowledge on its cytogenetic and molecular biology, ALL treatment remains highly challenging especially after relapse. Conventional chemotherapy has shown significant improvement in overall survival rates of pediatric patients up to 90%, however, treatment failure due to ALL relapse occurs in 15-20% of the cases. On the other hand, adults and elderly patients with ALL are considered difficult to treat populations with the 5-year overall survival of 30–40%. …

Predictors Of Hyperkalemia And Outcomes Of Dyskalemia In Us Veterans With Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Transitioning To Dialysis, Ankur Dashputre

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Background: The kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis of serum potassium levels (K+). Patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a higher risk of experiencing dyskalemia events (i.e. hyper- and hypokalemia; especially the former) and thus future adverse outcomes. Currently, there is a dearth of literature on prediction models for hyperkalemia and the effects of dyskalemia on outcomes such as incidence of ischemic stroke and short-term hospital/emergency room (ER) utilization in an advanced CKD population transitioning to dialysis. Objectives: Using a nationally representative sample of US veterans with advanced CKD transitioning to dialysis, in the pre-dialysis …

Immunomodulatory Roles Of The Lysosomal Sialidase Neuraminidase 1, Leigh Ellen Fremuth

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Background Sialic acids are key sugar moieties located at the non-reducing terminals of glycan chains on glycoproteins and glycolipids. By virtue of their location, they influence the functions and biochemical properties of the macromolecules they are bound to. Removal of sialic acids in mammalian cells is carried out by four sialidases, which are differentially expressed and localized in distinct subcellular compartments. Neuraminidase 1 (NEU1), the most abundant and ubiquitous of the four sialidases, functions primarily in the acidic environment of the lysosomes, but can hydrolyze substrates at the plasma membrane, at least in certain cell types. The enzyme initiates the …

Intermediate Anticoagulation Dosing In Covid-19 Icu Patients: Evaluation Comparing Ventilated Vs Non-Ventilated Populations, Christopher Michael D'Amico

Applied Research Projects

Surges of COVID-19 have been seen to place large numbers of patients into the ICU. Establishing standards of care is critical not only for patient care, but to also implement a baseline of therapy to build upon with future research. COVID-19 produces a hypercoagulable state resulting in higher occurrences of clotting such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and pulmonary embolism (PE). Anticoagulation medications thin the blood to combat this aspect of the disease from occurring but does so at the risk of increasing bleeding potential. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the risk/benefit of anticoagulation usage between ventilated …

Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Ssadhd): Qualitative Needs Assessment For Patients With A Rare Neurological Disorder, Cassandra Bovee, Kayla Woodring

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires In Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Necessity Or Force Of Habit?, Mian Mustafa Kamal, Abdul Ahad Sohail, Majid Osman, Shiraz Hashmi, Muhammad Mehdi, Asma Altaf Hussain Merchant, Hasanat Sharif

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Objective: To determine the frequency of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage and its predictors in the immediate postoperative period in isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
Methods: The longitudinal study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 2019 to August 2020, and comprised adult patients of either gender who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass graft in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery. Demographic, peri-operative and post-operative Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires use data was extracted from patient's files and the institutional electronic database. Logistic regression models were built to explore predictors of Temporary epicardial pacing wires usage. Data …

Patient Satisfaction With Care Is Associated With Better Outcomes In Function And Pain 1 Year After Lumbar Spine Surgery, Björn Knutsson, Bakir Kadum, Ted Eneqvist, Sebastian Mukka, Arkan S. Sayed-Noor

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: There has been increasing interest in patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) to evaluate the patient experience and satisfaction with care. We conducted a prospective multicenter cohort study to determine any association between patients’ satisfaction of care and their outcomes 1 year after lumbar spine surgery.

Methods: Satisfaction with care was recorded through telephone interviews and a standardized questionnaire. Baseline data collection (300 patients) and 1-year follow-up (209 patients) were conducted through The Swedish National Register for Spine Surgery (Swespine). Exposures were patient experiences, health care professional (HCP) attitudes, shared decision-making, and overall satisfaction with care. Associations were evaluated using adjusted …

Prevalence Of Endocrine Disorders Among 6078 Individuals With Down Syndrome In The United States, Anne Rivelli, Veronica Fitzpatrick, Danielle Wales, Laura Chicoine, Gengjie Jia, Andrey Rzhetsky, Brian Chicoine

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Findings from a recent study describing prevalence of common disease conditions in the largest documented cohort of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in the United States strongly suggested significant disparity in endocrine disorders among these individuals when compared with age- and sex-matched individuals without DS. This retrospective, descriptive study is a follow-up report documenting prevalence of 21 endocrine disorder conditions, across 28 years of data, from 6078 individuals with DS and 30,326 age- and sex-matched controls, abstracted from electronic medical records within a large integrated health system. Overall, individuals with DS experienced higher prevalence of adrenal insufficiency and Addison’s disease; …