Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Genetic Separation Of Brca1 Functions Reveal Mutation-Dependent Polθ Vulnerabilities, John J Krais, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Homologous recombination (HR)-deficiency induces a dependency on DNA polymerase theta (Polθ/Polq)-mediated end joining, and Polθ inhibitors (Polθi) are in development for cancer therapy. BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficient cells are thought to be synthetic lethal with Polθ, but whether distinct HR gene mutations give rise to equivalent Polθ-dependence, and the events that drive lethality, are unclear. In this study, we utilized mouse models with separate Brca1 functional defects to mechanistically define Brca1-Polθ synthetic lethality. Surprisingly, homozygous Brca1 mutant, Polq

Heterogeneous Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation Gradients Promote Arrhythmogenesis In Murine Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Al-Hassan J Dajani, Carla Valenzuela-Ripoll, Ali Javaheri, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) in heart failure are enhanced by sympathoexcitation. However, radiotracer studies of catecholamine uptake in failing human hearts demonstrate a proclivity for VAs in patients with reduced cardiac sympathetic innervation. We hypothesized that this counterintuitive finding is explained by heterogeneous loss of sympathetic nerves in the failing heart. In a murine model of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), delayed PET imaging of sympathetic nerve density using the catecholamine analog [11C]meta-Hydroxyephedrine demonstrated global hypoinnervation in ventricular myocardium. Although reduced, sympathetic innervation in 2 distinct DCM models invariably exhibited transmural (epicardial to endocardial) gradients, with the endocardium being devoid of sympathetic nerve …

Mutation Of Key Signaling Regulators Of Cerebrovascular Development In Vein Of Galen Malformations, Shujuan Zhao, Po-Ying Fu, Yung-Chun Wang, Sheng Chih Jin, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

To elucidate the pathogenesis of vein of Galen malformations (VOGMs), the most common and most severe of congenital brain arteriovenous malformations, we performed an integrated analysis of 310 VOGM proband-family exomes and 336,326 human cerebrovasculature single-cell transcriptomes. We found the Ras suppressor p120 RasGAP (RASA1) harbored a genome-wide significant burden of loss-of-function de novo variants (2042.5-fold, p = 4.79 x 10

Contribution Of Macrophages To Neural Survival And Intracochlear Tissue Remodeling Responses Following Cochlear Implantation, Muhammad Taifur Rahman, Brian J Mostaert, Bryce Hunger, Utsow Saha, Alexander D Claussen, Ibrahim Razu, Farjana Nasrin, Nashwaan Ali Khan, Peter Eckard, Sarah Coleman, Jacob Oleson, Jonathon R Kirk, Keiko Hirose, Marlan R Hansen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Cochlear implants (CIs) restore hearing to deafened patients. The foreign body response (FBR) following cochlear implantation (post-CI) comprises an infiltration of macrophages, other immune and non-immune cells, and fibrosis into the scala tympani, a space that is normally devoid of cells. This FBR is associated with negative effects on CI outcomes including increased electrode impedances and loss of residual acoustic hearing. This study investigates the extent to which macrophage depletion by an orally administered CSF-1R specific kinase (c-FMS) inhibitor, PLX-5622, modulates the tissue response to CI and neural health.

MAIN TEXT: 10- to 12-week-old CX3CR1 + /GFP Thy1 + …

A Paracrine Circuit Of Il-1Β/Il-1r1 Between Myeloid And Tumor Cells Drives Genotype-Dependent Glioblastoma Progression, Zhihong Chen, David H. Gutmann, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from blood circulation infiltrate glioblastoma (GBM) and promote growth. Here, we show that PDGFB-driven GBM cells induce the expression of the potent proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in MDM, which engages IL-1R1 in tumor cells, activates the NF-κB pathway, and subsequently leads to induction of monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCPs). Thus, a feedforward paracrine circuit of IL-1β/IL-1R1 between tumors and MDM creates an interdependence driving PDGFB-driven GBM progression. Genetic loss or locally antagonizing IL-1β/IL-1R1 leads to reduced MDM infiltration, diminished tumor growth, and reduced exhausted CD8+ T cells and thereby extends the survival of tumor-bearing mice. In contrast …

Missense Mutations In Crx Homeodomain Cause Dominant Retinopathies Through Two Distinct Mechanisms, Yiqiao Zheng, Chi Sun, Xiaodong Zhang, Philip A Ruzycki, Shiming Chen

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Homeodomain transcription factors (HD TFs) are instrumental to vertebrate development. Mutations in HD TFs have been linked to human diseases, but their pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we use

A Cre-Dependent Massively Parallel Reporter Assay Allows For Cell-Type Specific Assessment Of The Functional Effects Of Non-Coding Elements In Vivo, Tomas Lagunas Jr, Stephen P Plassmeyer, Anthony D Fischer, Ryan Z Friedman, Michael A Rieger, Din Selmanovic, Simona Sarafinovska, Yvette K Sol, Michael J Kasper, Stuart B Fass, Alessandra F Aguilar Lucero, Joon-Yong An, Stephan J Sanders, Barak A Cohen, Joseph D Dougherty

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The function of regulatory elements is highly dependent on the cellular context, and thus for understanding the function of elements associated with psychiatric diseases these would ideally be studied in neurons in a living brain. Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRAs) are molecular genetic tools that enable functional screening of hundreds of predefined sequences in a single experiment. These assays have not yet been adapted to query specific cell types in vivo in a complex tissue like the mouse brain. Here, using a test-case 3'UTR MPRA library with genomic elements containing variants from autism patients, we developed a method to achieve …

Increase In Hnrnpa1 Expression Suffices To Kill Motor Neurons In Transgenic Rats, Xionghao Liu, Tingting Zhang, Qinxue Wu, Cao Huang, Xu-Gang Xia, Hongxia Zhou, Bo Huang

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

A dominant mutation in hnRNPA1 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), but it is not known whether this mutation leads to motor neuron death through increased or decreased function. To elucidate the relationship between pathogenic hnRNPA1 mutation and its native function, we created novel transgenic rats that overexpressed wildtype rat hnRNPA1 exclusively in motor neurons. This targeted expression of wildtype hnRNPA1 caused severe motor neuron loss and subsequent denervation muscle atrophy in transgenic rats that recapitulated the characteristics of ALS. These findings demonstrate that the augmentation of hnRNPA1 expression suffices to trigger motor neuron degeneration and the manifestation of ALS-like phenotypes. …

Repeated Multi-Domain Cognitive Training Prevents Cognitive Decline, Anxiety And Amyloid Pathology Found In A Mouse Model Of Alzheimer Disease, Jogender Mehla, Scott H Deibel, Hadil Karem, Nancy S Hong, Shakhawat R Hossain, Sean G Lacoursiere, Robert J Sutherland, Majid H Mohajerani, Robert J Mcdonald

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Education, occupation, and an active lifestyle, comprising enhanced social, physical, and mental components are associated with improved cognitive functions in aged people and may delay the progression of various neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease. To investigate this protective effect, 3-month-old APP

Mucopolysaccharidosis Iva: Current Disease Models And Drawbacks, Andrés Felipe Leal, Carlos Javier Alméciga-Díaz, Shunji Tomatsu

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA) is a rare disorder caused by mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate-sulfatase (GALNS) encoding gene. GALNS leads to the lysosomal degradation of the glycosaminoglyccreasans keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate. Impaired GALNS enzymes result in skeletal and non-skeletal complications in patients. For years, the MPS IVA pathogenesis and the assessment of promising drugs have been evaluated using in vitro (primarily fibroblasts) and in vivo (mainly mouse) models. Even though value information has been raised from those studies, these models have several limitations. For instance, chondrocytes have been well recognized as primary cells affected in MPS IVA and responsible for …

Mechanopathology Of Biofilm-Like Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Cords, Richa Mishra, Melanie Hannebelle, Vishal P Patil, Anaëlle Dubois, Cristina Garcia-Mouton, Gabriela M Kirsch, Maxime Jan, Kunal Sharma, Nicolas Guex, Jessica Sordet-Dessimoz, Jesus Perez-Gil, Manu Prakash, Graham W Knott, Neeraj Dhar, John D Mckinney, Vivek V Thacker

Journal Articles

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) cultured axenically without detergent forms biofilm-like cords, a clinical identifier of virulence. In lung-on-chip (LoC) and mouse models, cords in alveolar cells contribute to suppression of innate immune signaling via nuclear compression. Thereafter, extracellular cords cause contact-dependent phagocyte death but grow intercellularly between epithelial cells. The absence of these mechanopathological mechanisms explains the greater proportion of alveolar lesions with increased immune infiltration and dissemination defects in cording-deficient Mtb infections. Compression of Mtb lipid monolayers induces a phase transition that enables mechanical energy storage. Agent-based simulations demonstrate that the increased energy storage capacity is sufficient for the formation …

Dysregulated Cd200-Cd200r Signaling In Early Diabetes Modulates Microglia-Mediated Retinopathy, Charles W Pfeifer, James T Walsh, Andrea Santeford, Joseph B Lin, Wandy L Beatty, Ryo Terao, Yizhou A Liu, Keitaro Hase, Philip A Ruzycki, Rajendra S Apte

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a neurovascular complication of diabetes. Recent investigations have suggested that early degeneration of the neuroretina may occur prior to the appearance of microvascular changes; however, the mechanisms underlying this neurodegeneration have been elusive. Microglia are the predominant resident immune cell in the retina and adopt dynamic roles in disease. Here, we show that ablation of retinal microglia ameliorates visual dysfunction and neurodegeneration in a type I diabetes mouse model. We also provide evidence of enhanced microglial contact and engulfment of amacrine cells, ultrastructural modifications, and transcriptome changes that drive inflammation and phagocytosis. We show that CD200-CD200R …

Infection And Inflammation Stimulate Expansion Of A Cd74+ Paneth Cell Subset To Regulate Disease Progression, Iyshwarya Balasubramanian, Shengxiang Sun, Ta-Chiang Liu, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Paneth cells (PCs), a specialized secretory cell type in the small intestine, are increasingly recognized as having an essential role in host responses to microbiome and environmental stresses. Whether and how commensal and pathogenic microbes modify PC composition to modulate inflammation remain unclear. Using newly developed PC-reporter mice under conventional and gnotobiotic conditions, we determined PC transcriptomic heterogeneity in response to commensal and invasive microbes at single cell level. Infection expands the pool of CD74

Dominant Negative Variants In Kif5b Cause Osteogenesis Imperfecta Via Down Regulation Of Mtor Signaling, Ronit Marom, Anika Lindsey, Jacob Lesinski, Michael L. Nonet, Jian Chen, Dustin Baldridge, Gary A. Silverman, Stephen C. Pak, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Kinesin motor proteins transport intracellular cargo, including mRNA, proteins, and organelles. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-related genes have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders and skeletal dysplasias. We identified de novo, heterozygous variants in KIF5B, encoding a kinesin-1 subunit, in four individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta. The variants cluster within the highly conserved kinesin motor domain and are predicted to interfere with nucleotide binding, although the mechanistic consequences on cell signaling and function are unknown.

METHODS: To understand the in vivo genetic mechanism of KIF5B variants, we modeled the p.Thr87Ile variant that was found in two patients in the C. elegans ortholog, …

Small Molecule Screen Identifies Pyrimethamine As An Inhibitor Of Nrf2-Driven Esophageal Hyperplasia, Chorlada Paiboonrungruang, Brittany Bowman, Julius Chembo, M Ben Major, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: NRF2 is a master transcription factor that regulates the stress response. NRF2 is frequently mutated and activated in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), which drives resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Therefore, a great need exists for NRF2 inhibitors for targeted therapy of NRF2

DESIGN: We performed high-throughput screening of two compound libraries from which hit compounds were further validated in human ESCC cells and a genetically modified mouse model. The mechanism of action of one compound was explored by biochemical assays.

RESULTS: Using high-throughput screening of two small molecule compound libraries, we identified 11 hit compounds as …

A Human Mitofusin 2 Mutation Can Cause Mitophagic Cardiomyopathy, Antonietta Franco, Jiajia Li, Daniel P Kelly, Ray E Hershberger, Ali J Marian, Renate M Lewis, Moshi Song, Xiawei Dang, Alina D Schmidt, Mary E Mathyer, John R Edwards, Cristina De Guzman Strong, Gerald W Dorn

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cardiac muscle has the highest mitochondrial density of any human tissue, but mitochondrial dysfunction is not a recognized cause of isolated cardiomyopathy. Here, we determined that the rare mitofusin (MFN) 2 R400Q mutation is 15-20× over-represented in clinical cardiomyopathy, whereas this specific mutation is not reported as a cause of MFN2 mutant-induced peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A (CMT2A). Accordingly, we interrogated the enzymatic, biophysical, and functional characteristics of MFN2 Q400 versus wild-type and CMT2A-causing MFN2 mutants. All MFN2 mutants had impaired mitochondrial fusion, the canonical MFN2 function. Compared to MFN2 T105M that lacked catalytic GTPase activity and exhibited normal …

Parenchymal Border Macrophages Regulate Tau Pathology And Tau-Mediated Neurodegeneration, Antoine Drieu, Siling Du, Michal Kipnis, Megan E Bosch, Jasmin Herz, Choonghee Lee, Hong Jiang, Melissa Manis, Jason D Ulrich, Jonathan Kipnis, David M Holtzman, Maud Gratuze

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Parenchymal border macrophages (PBMs) reside close to the central nervous system parenchyma and regulate CSF flow dynamics. We recently demonstrated that PBMs provide a clearance pathway for amyloid-β peptide, which accumulates in the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Given the emerging role for PBMs in AD, we explored how tau pathology affects the CSF flow and the PBM populations in the PS19 mouse model of tau pathology. We demonstrated a reduction of CSF flow, and an increase in an MHCII

Cux1-Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Deep Insights Into Phenotype-Genotype Spectrum And Underlying Pathology, Henry Oppermann, Christina A Gurnett, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Heterozygous, pathogenic CUX1 variants are associated with global developmental delay or intellectual disability. This study delineates the clinical presentation in an extended cohort and investigates the molecular mechanism underlying the disorder in a Cux1

Long Non-Coding Rna Snhg8 Drives Stress Granule Formation In Tauopathies, Reshma Bhagat, Miguel A Minaya, Arun Renganathan, Muneshwar Mehra, Jacob Marsh, Rita Martinez, Abdallah M Eteleeb, Alissa L Nana, Salvatore Spina, William W Seeley, Lea T Grinberg, Celeste M Karch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tauopathies are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by tau aggregation in the brain. In a subset of tauopathies, rare mutations in the MAPT gene, which encodes the tau protein, are sufficient to cause disease; however, the events downstream of MAPT mutations are poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), transcripts >200 nucleotides with low/no coding potential that regulate transcription and translation, and their role in tauopathy. Using stem cell derived neurons from patients carrying a MAPT p.P301L, IVS10 + 16, or p.R406W mutation and CRISPR-corrected isogenic controls, we identified transcriptomic changes that occur …

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Carrying The Rifampicin Drug-Resistance-Conferring Rpob Mutation H445y Is Associated With Suppressed Immunity Through Type I Interferons, Suhas Bobba, Nicole C Howard, Shibali Das, Mushtaq Ahmed, Linrui Tang, Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu, Michelle H Larsen, Barun Mathema, Maziar Divangahi, Shabaana A Khader

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study highlights the impact of specific rifampicin-resistance-conferring mutations on the host immune response to

The Trna Methyltransferase Trmb Is Critical For Acinetobacter Baumannii Stress Responses And Pulmonary Infection, Jenna C Mcguffey, Clay D Jackson-Litteken, Gisela Di Venanzio, Aubree A Zimmer, Jessica M Lewis, Jesus S Distel, Kyusik Q Kim, Hani S Zaher, Juan Alfonzo, Nichollas E Scott, Mario F Feldman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

As deficiencies in tRNA modifications have been linked to human diseases such as cancer and diabetes, much research has focused on the modifications' impacts on translational regulation in eukaryotes. However, the significance of tRNA modifications in bacterial physiology remains largely unexplored. In this paper, we demonstrate that the m

Inhibition Of Retinoic Acid Signaling In Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells Protects Against Acute Kidney Injury, Min Yang, Lauren N. Lopez, Maya Brewer, Rachel Delgado, Anna Menshikh, Kelly Clouthier, Yuantee Zhu, Thitinee Vanichapol, Haichun Yang, Raymond C. Harris, Leslie Gewin, Craig R. Brooks, Alan J. Davidson, Mark De Caestecker

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Retinoic acid receptor (RAR) signaling is essential for mammalian kidney development but, in the adult kidney, is restricted to occasional collecting duct epithelial cells. We now show that there is widespread reactivation of RAR signaling in proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) in human sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and in mouse models of AKI. Genetic inhibition of RAR signaling in PTECs protected against experimental AKI but was unexpectedly associated with increased expression of the PTEC injury marker Kim1. However, the protective effects of inhibiting PTEC RAR signaling were associated with increased Kim1-dependent apoptotic cell clearance, or efferocytosis, and this was …

Early Resveratrol Treatment Mitigates Joint Degeneration And Dampens Pain In A Mouse Model Of Pseudoachondroplasia (Psach), Jacqueline T Hecht, Alka C Veerisetty, Debabrata Patra, Mohammad G Hossain, Frankie Chiu, Claire Mobed, Francis H Gannon, Karen L Posey

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pseudoachondroplasia (PSACH), a severe dwarfing condition associated with early-onset joint degeneration and lifelong joint pain, is caused by mutations in cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). The mechanisms underlying the mutant-COMP pathology have been defined using the MT-COMP mouse model of PSACH that has the common D469del mutation. Mutant-COMP protein does not fold properly, and it is retained in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of chondrocytes rather than being exported to the extracellular matrix (ECM), driving ER stress that stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation, driving a self-perpetuating cycle. CHOP (ER stress signaling protein) and TNFα inflammation drive high levels of mTORC1 …

Manf Stimulates Autophagy And Restores Mitochondrial Homeostasis To Treat Autosomal Dominant Tubulointerstitial Kidney Disease In Mice, Yeawon Kim, Chuang Li, Chenjian Gu, Yili Fang, Eric Tycksen, Terri A Pietka, Jothilingam Sivapackiam, Sun-Ji Park, Fumihiko Urano, Vijay Sharma, Ying Maggie Chen, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Misfolded protein aggregates may cause toxic proteinopathy, including autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease due to uromodulin mutations (ADTKD-UMOD), a leading hereditary kidney disease. There are no targeted therapies. In our generated mouse model recapitulating human ADTKD-UMOD carrying a leading UMOD mutation, we show that autophagy/mitophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis are impaired, leading to cGAS-STING activation and tubular injury. Moreover, we demonstrate that inducible tubular overexpression of mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), a secreted endoplasmic reticulum protein, after the onset of disease stimulates autophagy/mitophagy, clears mutant UMOD, and promotes mitochondrial biogenesis through p-AMPK enhancement, thus protecting kidney function in our ADTKD mouse …

Pptc7 Maintains Mitochondrial Protein Content By Suppressing Receptor-Mediated Mitophagy, Natalie M Niemi, Lianjie Wei, Andrew J Smith, Merima Forny, David J Pagliarini, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PPTC7 is a resident mitochondrial phosphatase essential for maintaining proper mitochondrial content and function. Newborn mice lacking Pptc7 exhibit aberrant mitochondrial protein phosphorylation, suffer from a range of metabolic defects, and fail to survive beyond one day after birth. Using an inducible knockout model, we reveal that loss of Pptc7 in adult mice causes marked reduction in mitochondrial mass and metabolic capacity with elevated hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Pptc7 knockout animals exhibit increased expression of the mitophagy receptors BNIP3 and NIX, and Pptc7

Perinatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection Reshapes The Transcriptional Profile And Functionality Of Nk Cells, Carmen Rožmanić, Eugene Park, Wayne M Yokoyama, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Infections in early life can elicit substantially different immune responses and pathogenesis than infections in adulthood. Here, we investigate the consequences of murine cytomegalovirus infection in newborn mice on NK cells. We show that infection severely compromised NK cell maturation and functionality in newborns. This effect was not due to compromised virus control. Inflammatory responses to infection dysregulated the expression of major transcription factors governing NK cell fate, such as Eomes, resulting in impaired NK cell function. Most prominently, NK cells from perinatally infected mice have a diminished ability to produce IFN-γ due to the downregulation of long non-coding RNA …

Anti-Myeloma Efficacy Of Car-Inkt Is Enhanced With A Long-Acting Il-7, Rhil-7-Hyfc, Julie O'Neal, Matthew L Cooper, Julie K Ritchey, Susan Gladney, Jessica Niswonger, L Sofía González, Emily Street, Gabriel J Haas, Alun Carter, Parmeshwar N Amayta, Feng Gao, Melissa Berrien-Elliott, Alice Zhou, Todd A Fehniger, Mike P Rettig, John F Dipersio, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignancy of mature plasma cells, remains incurable. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is the lead protein target for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy because of its high expression in most MM, with limited expression in other cell types, resulting in favorable on-target, off tumor toxicity. The response rate to autologous BCMA CAR-T therapy is high; however, it is not curative and is associated with risks of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome. Outcomes in patients treated with BCMA CAR-T cells (CAR-Ts) may improve with allogeneic CAR T-cell therapy, which offer higher cell fitness …

Novel Treatments For Pxe: Targeting The Systemic And Local Drivers Of Ectopic Calcification, Ida Joely Jacobs, Qiaoli Li

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a heritable multisystem ectopic calcification disorder. The gene responsible for PXE, ABCC6, encodes ABCC6, a hepatic efflux transporter regulating extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), a potent endogenous calcification inhibitor. Recent studies demonstrated that in addition to the deficiency of plasma PPi, the activated DDR/PARP signaling in calcified tissues provides an additional possible mechanism of ectopic calcification in PXE. This study examined the effects of etidronate (ETD), a stable PPi analog, and its combination with minocycline (Mino), a potent inhibitor of DDR/PARP, on ectopic calcification in an Abcc6-/- mouse model of PXE. Abcc6-/- mice, at 4 weeks of …

Chemerin Triggers Migration Of A Cd8 T Cell Subset With Natural Killer Cell Functions, Romain Ballet, Melissa Lajevic, Noelle Huskey-Mullin, Rachel Roach, Kevin Brulois, Ying Huang, Muhammad A Saeed, Ha X Dang, Russell K Pachynski, Elizabeth Wilson, Eugene C Butcher, Brian A Zabel

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The recruitment of cells with effector functions into the tumor microenvironment holds potential for delaying cancer progression. We show that subsets of human CD28-effector CD8 T cells, CCR7

Reduction Of Sparc Protects Mice Against Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Obesity, Seungjin Ryu, Olga Spadaro, Sviatoslav Sidorov, Aileen H. Lee, Sonia Caprio, Christopher Morrison, Steven R. Smith, Eric Ravussin, Irina Shchukina, Maxim N. Artyomov, Yun-Hee Youm, Vishwa Deep Dixit

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The comprehensive assessment of long-term effects of reducing intake of energy (CALERIE-II; NCT00427193) clinical trial established that caloric restriction (CR) in humans lowers inflammation. The identity and mechanism of endogenous CR-mimetics that can be deployed to control obesity-associated inflammation and diseases are not well understood. Our studies have found that 2 years of 14% sustained CR in humans inhibits the expression of the matricellular protein, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), in adipose tissue. In mice, adipose tissue remodeling caused by weight loss through CR and low-protein diet feeding decreased, while high-fat diet-induced (HFD-induced) obesity increased SPARC expression …