Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effects Of Bioprosthetic Valve Fracturing On Valve-In-Valve Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation Transvalvular Gradients, Osama Hallak, Karley Fischer, Shaina Ailawadi, Damian Valencia, Yan Yatsynovich, Raja Nazir, Brian Schwartz

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: Valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is quickly becoming a routine and effective means by which to treat degenerated bioprosthetic valves. A known complication of ViV-TAVI is patient-prosthesis mismatch, which substantially affects survival. Bioprosthetic valve fracture is a method by which to reduce the risk of patient-prosthesis mismatch and post-ViV-TAVI transvalvular gradients. This study sought to determine the safety and efficacy of post-ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture.

METHODS: Patients with a history of surgical aortic valve replacement undergoing ViV-TAVI bioprosthetic valve fracture (N = 25) at the corresponding institution from 2015 to 2022 were cataloged for a retrospective analysis. …

The Seroprevalence Of Sars-Cov-2-Specific Antibodies In Australian Children: A Cross-Sectional Study, Archana Koirala, Jocelynne Mcrae, Philip N Britton, Marnie Downes, Shayal A Prasad, Suellen Nicholson, Noni E Winkler, Matthew V N O'Sullivan, Fatima Gondalwala, Cecile Castellano, Emma Carey, Alexandra Hendry, Nigel Crawford, Ushma Wadia, Peter Richmond, Helen S Marshall, Julia E Clark, Joshua R Francis, Jeremy Carr, Adam Bartlett, Brendan Mcmullan, Justin Skowno, Donald Hannah, Andrew Davidson, Britta S Von Ungern-Sternberg, Paul Lee-Archer, Laura L Burgoyne, Edith B Waugh, John B Carlin, Zin Naing, Nicole Kerly, Alissa Mcminn, Guillian Hunter, Christine Heath, Natascha D'Angelo, Carolyn Finucane, Laura A Francis, Sonia Dougherty, William Rawlinson, Theo Karapanagiotidis, Natalie Cain, Rianne Brizuela, Christopher C Blyth, Nicholas Wood, Kristine Macartney

Staff and Researcher Publications

Background: Following reduction of public health and social measures concurrent with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron emergence in late 2021 in Australia, COVID-19 case notification rates rose rapidly. As rates of direct viral testing and reporting dropped, true infection rates were most likely to be underestimated.

Objective: To better understand infection rates and immunity in this population, we aimed to estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in Australians aged 0-19 years.

Methods: We conducted a national cross sectional serosurvey from June 1, 2022, to August 31, 2022, in children aged 0-19 years undergoing an anesthetic procedure at eight tertiary pediatric hospitals. Participant questionnaires were administered, and …

Use Of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation-Facilitated Large-Bore Catheter Embolectomy In The Treatment Of Acute Pulmonary Embolism Complicated By Shock, Hugh A Glazier, Amir Kaki

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

This article reports the case of a 42-year-old man who presented with a saddle pulmonary embolus complicated by normotensive cardiogenic shock. The patient was first stabilized with venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Then, while the patient was still on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, thrombectomy with a large-bore catheter device was performed that resulted in a large decrease in pulmonary artery pressures and a clinically significant increase in cardiac index, with rapid clinical improvement. Complete recovery of the patient's cardiopulmonary status has been maintained at intermediate-term follow-up. This treatment strategy should be considered favorably in the treatment of patients presenting with pulmonary embolism …

The Great Masquerade: Not All Coronary Artery Stenosis Are Created Equal, Prasanti A Kotta, Ajit K Koduri, Jeffrey Berman, Veronica V Rosen, Waleed T Kayani

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We present the case of a 60-year-old male, with active smoking and cocaine use disorder, who reported progressive chest pain. Various anatomical and functional cardiac imaging, performed to further evaluate chest pain etiology, revealed changing severity and distribution of left main artery (LMA) stenosis, raising suspicion for vasospasm. Intracoronary nitroglycerin relieved the vasospasm, with resolution of the LMA pseudostenosis. A diagnosis of vasospastic angina (VA) led to starting appropriate medical therapy with lifestyle modification counselling. This case highlights VA, a frequently underdiagnosed etiology of angina pectoris. We discuss when to suspect VA, its appropriate work-up, and management.

Risk Factors, Incidence, And Outcomes Associated With Clinically Significant Airway Ischemia, Gloria Li, Zejian Liu, Marcelo Salan-Gomez, Emma Keeney, Ethan D'Silva, Babith Mankidy, Andres Leon, Aladdein Mattar, Abdusallam Elsennousi, Jennalee Coster, Anupam Kumar, Bruno Rodrigues, Meng Li, Alexis Shafii, Puneet Garcha, Gabriel Loor

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Airway complications following lung transplantation remain an important cause of morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify the incidence, risk factors and outcomes associated with clinically significant airway ischemia (CSAI) in our center. We reviewed 217 lung transplants (386 airway anastomoses) performed at our institution between February 2016 and December 2020. Airway images were graded using the 2018 ISHLT grading guidelines modified slightly for retrospective analysis. Airways were considered to have CSAI if they developed ischemia severity >B2, stenosis >50%, and/or any degree of dehiscence within 6-months of transplant. Regression analyses were used to evaluate outcomes and risk factors for …

Public Perspectives On Investigative Genetic Genealogy: Findings From A National Focus Group Study, Jacklyn Dahlquist, Jill O Robinson, Amira Daoud, Whitney Bash-Brooks, Amy L Mcguire, Christi J Guerrini, Stephanie M Fullerton

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Investigative genetic genealogy (IGG) is a technique that involves uploading genotypes developed from perpetrator DNA left at a crime scene, or DNA from unidentified remains, to public genetic genealogy databases to identify genetic relatives and, through the creation of a family tree, the individual who was the source of the DNA. As policymakers demonstrate interest in regulating IGG, it is important to understand public perspectives on IGG to determine whether proposed policies are aligned with public attitudes.

Methods: We conducted eight focus groups with members of the public (N = 72), sampled from four geographically diverse US regions, …

Validation Of A New Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Of The Functional Impact Of Essential Tremor On Activities Of Daily Living, Ludy C Shih, Michael T Stevenson, Steven Bellows, Alfonso Fasano, Sheng-Han Kuo, Kelly E Lyons, Henry Moore, Holly A Shill, Aparna Wagle Shukla, Carlos Singer, Rodger J Elble

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The Essential Tremor Rating Assessment Scale (TETRAS) is a popular scale for essential tremor (ET), but its activities of daily living (ADL) and performance (P) subscales are based on a structured interview and physical exam. No patient-reported outcome (PRO) scale for ET has been developed according to US regulatory guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: Develop and validate a TETRAS PRO subscale.

METHODS: Fourteen items, rated 0-4, were derived from TETRAS ADL and structured cognitive interviews of 18 ET patients. Convergent validity analyses of TETRAS PRO versus TETRAS ADL, TETRAS-P, and the Quality of Life in Essential Tremor Questionnaire (QUEST) were computed for …

Age-Associated Temporal Decline In Butyrate-Producing Bacteria Plays A Key Pathogenic Role In The Onset And Progression Of Neuropathology And Memory Deficits In 3×Tg-Ad Mice, Paula M Chilton, Smita S Ghare, Benjamin T Charpentier, Scott A Myers, Aakarsha V Rao, Joseph F Petrosino, Kristi L Hoffman, John C Greenwell, Neetu Tyagi, Jyotirmaya Behera, Yali Wang, Lucy J Sloan, Jingwen Zhang, Christopher B Shields, Gregory E Cooper, Leila Gobejishvili, Scott R Whittemore, Craig J Mcclain, Shirish S Barve

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Alterations in the gut-microbiome-brain axis are increasingly being recognized to be involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, the functional consequences of enteric dysbiosis linking gut microbiota and brain pathology in AD progression remain largely undetermined. The present work investigated the causal role of age-associated temporal decline in butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate in the etiopathogenesis of AD. Longitudinal metagenomics, neuropathological, and memory analyses were performed in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model. Metataxonomic analyses showed a significant temporal decline in the alpha diversity marked by a decrease in butyrate-producing bacterial communities and a concurrent reduction in cecal butyrate production. Inferred metagenomics analysis …

Prospective Associations Of Psychedelic Treatment For Co-Occurring Alcohol Misuse And Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Among United States Special Operations Forces Veterans, Stacey B Armstrong, Yitong Xin, Nathan D Sepeda, Martín Polanco, Lynnette A Averill, Alan K Davis

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

This study evaluated prospective associations of ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment for risky alcohol use and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms among United States (US) Special Operations Forces Veterans (SOFV). Data were collected during standard clinical operations at pre-treatment and 1-month (1 m), 3-months (3 m), and 6-months (6 m) post-treatment in an ibogaine and 5-MeO-DMT treatment program in Mexico. Of the 86 SOFV that completed treatment, 45 met criteria for risky alcohol use at pre-treatment (mean age = 44; male = 100%; White = 91%). There was a significant reduction in alcohol use from pre-treatment (M = 7.2, SD = …

Evaluating One-Week Post-Casting Alignment Checks And Surgical Intervention Rates In Pediatric Type Iia Supracondylar Humeral Fractures, Jason Z Amaral, Rebecca J Schultz, Benjamin M Martin, Jacob P Scioscia, Basel Touban, Barkha N Chhabra, Kelly Cline, Scott D Mckay

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: This study aims to determine the rate of surgical intervention in children with type IIA supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHF) following routine post-casting radiographic assessment. We hypothesized that no cases would convert to operative management following one-week post-casting alignment assessments.

METHODS: This single-center retrospective study focused on pediatric patients diagnosed with type IIA SCHF from 2019 to 2022. Patients were treated with initial long arm cast immobilization, followed by a one-week post-casting radiographic alignment check in cast. Fractures were graded in consensus using the Wilkins-Modified Gartland classification system by three fellowship-trained pediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Demographics, casting details, follow-up dates, and …

Treatment Of High- And Intermediate-High-Risk Pulmonary Embolism By The Pulmonary Embolism Response Team: Focus On Catheter-Directed Therapies, Arkadiusz Pietrasik, Paweł Kurzyna, Piotr Szwed, Karolina Jasińska-Gniadzik, Aleksandra Gąsecka, Szymona Darocha, Dariusz Zieliński, Łukasz Szarpak, Janusz Kochman, Marcin Grabowski, Grzegorz Opolski, Adam Torbicki, Marcin Kurzyna

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Multidisciplinary Pulmonary Embolism Response Teams (PERTs) were established to individualize the treatment of high-risk (HR) and intermediate-high-risk (IHR) pulmonary embolism (PE) patients, which pose a challenge in clinical practice.

METHODS: We retrospectively collected the data of all HR and IHR acute PE patients consulted by PERT CELZAT between September 2017 and October 2022. The patient population was divided into four different treatment methods: anticoagulation alone (AC), systemic thrombolysis (ST), surgical embolectomy (SE), and catheter-directed therapies (CDTx). Baseline clinical characteristics, risk stratification, PE severity parameters, and treatment outcomes were compared between the four groups.

RESULTS: Of the 110 patients with …

Ispad Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, And Strategies To Preserve Beta-Cell Function In Children And Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes, Michael J Haller, Kirstine J Bell, Rachel E J Besser, Kristina Casteels, Jenny J Couper, Maria E Craig, Helena Elding Larsson, Laura Jacobsen, Karin Lange, Tal Oron, Emily K Sims, Cate Speake, Mustafa Tosur, Francesca Ulivi, Anette-G Ziegler, Diane K Wherrett, M Loredana Marcovecchio

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This guideline serves as an update to the 2022 ISPAD consensus guideline on staging for type 1 diabetes (T1D). Key additions include an evidence-based summary of recommendations for screening for risk of T1D and monitoring those with early-stage T1D. In addition, a review of clinical trials designed to delay progression to Stage 3 T1D and efforts seeking to preserve beta-cell function in those with Stage 3 …

Effects Of Blood Flow Restriction Resistance Training On Autonomic And Endothelial Function In Persons With Parkinson's Disease, Annie Bane, Lorraine Wilson, Jill Jumper, Lindsay Spindler, Pricilla Wyatt, Darryn Willoughby

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Autonomic dysfunction precedes endothelial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes blood pressure and circulation abnormalities that are highly disruptive to one's quality of life. While exercise interventions have proven helpful for motor symptoms of PD, improving associated non-motor symptoms is limited. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LIRT-BFR) improves autonomic dysfunction in non-PD patients and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is recommended for motor symptom improvements for people with PD (PwPD).

Objective: To determine the effects of LIRT-BFR and HIRT on homocysteine and autonomic and endothelial function in PwPD and to determine the hemodynamic loads during LIRT-BFR and …

A Pilot Study Of A Scalable Training Programme For Coaches Delivering Webstair, Sherry Yam, Jamie S Kim, Annapoorna Ayyagari, Julianna Hogan, Jan A Lindsay, Marylene Cloitre

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Accessible, low-cost digital programmes are emerging as a means by which to address high rates of mental health problems. However, the development and assessment of scalable training programmes for effective use of digital interventions has lagged. This is particularly important, as coach-supported digital interventions provide benefits that substantially and consistently exceed those of programmes that are entirely self-guided.

Objectives: This report describes the evaluation of a brief coach training programme consisting of a two-hour workshop and six 1-hour consultation sessions for delivery of webSTAIR, a 10-module transdiagnostic web-based programme for trauma-exposed populations.

Method: The training was provided to 68 …

Systemic Complications Of Aicardi Goutières Syndrome Using Real-World Data, Isabella Peixoto De Barcelos, Amanda K Jan, Nicholson Modesti, Sarah Woidill, Francesco Gavazzi, David Isaacs, Russell D'Aiello, Anjana Sevagamoorthy, Lauren Charlton, Amy Pizzino, Johanna Schmidt, Keith Van Haren, Stephanie Keller, Florian Eichler, Lisa T Emrick, Jamie L Fraser, Justine Shults, Adeline Vanderver, Laura A Adang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Aicardi Goutières Syndrome (AGS) is a rare genetic interferonopathy associated with diverse multisystemic complications. A critical gap exists in our understanding of its longitudinal, systemic disease burden, complicated by delayed diagnosis. To address this need, real-world data extracted from existing medical records were used to characterize the longitudinal disease burden.

Methods: All subjects (n = 167) with genetically confirmed AGS enrolled in the Myelin Disorders Biorepository Project (MDBP) were included. As available in medical records, information was collected on subject demographics, age of onset, and disease complications. Information from published cases of AGS (2007-2022; n = 129) with individual-level …

Rates And Predictors Of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Symptoms Among Post-9/11 Veterans, Melissa B Jones, Juliann Tea, Matthew Meyers, Ruosha Li, Audri Villalon, Ritwick Agrawal, Ricardo E Jorge

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI), which are prevalent conditions among post-9/11 veterans, increase risks of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and degenerative synucleinopathy. Rates and predictors of RBD symptoms were investigated by screening post-9/11 veterans for RBD with a validated questionnaire.

Methods: In this cross-sectional analysis, consecutive patients in the Houston Translational Research Center for TBI and Stress Disorders (TRACTS) were screened with the English translation of the RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-HK). In addition to data from the standard TRACTS battery, systematic chart review was used to identify known sleep disorders mimicking …

Diagnostic And Prognostic Performance Of The Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio In Acute Coronary Syndromes: A Meta-Analysis Of 90 Studies Including 45 990 Patients, Michał Pruc, Jacek Kubica, Maciej Banach, Damian Swieczkowski, Zubaid Rafique, William Frank Peacock, Zbigniew Siudak, Krzysztof Kurek, Prabath Nanayakkara, Łukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality worldwide and is likely to rise. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is consequent on inflammation. As a common and cost-effective inflammatory biomarker, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) may be beneficial in cardiovascular medicine.

Aims: This meta-analysis examines the diagnostic and prognostic performance of the NLR in ACS.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed Central, Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Clinicaltrial.gov databases. The search spanned from databases inception to January 10, 2024. The findings were aggregated into normalized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals.

Results: Ninety articles, with 45 990 …

Outcomes From An Interprofessional, Dementia-Focused, Telementoring Program: A Brief Report, Julianna Fernandez, Kathryn S Agarwal, Amber B Amspoker, Kyler M Godwin, Erial Green, Sabrina Pickens, Jasmin Lindo, Ali Abbas Asghar-Ali

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Despite a burgeoning older-adult population, the number of healthcare professionals with geriatric expertise continues to lag behind. In 2014, the American Geriatrics Society’s position statement encouraged interprofessional training for healthcare professionals. Telementoring remotely connects clinicians with specialists for education and group mentoring. This dementia-focused, 11-month, 1-hour each, telementoring program was modeled on the Alzheimer’s Association ECHO. Our interprofessional expert panel consisted of a geriatrician, a geriatric psychiatrist, an adult nurse practitioner (with geriatrics expertise), 2 geriatric pharmacists, a licensed social worker (coordinating a dementia day program), and a project coordinator. Learners were residents in family medicine and general psychiatry, physician …

Empowering Low-Income Patients With Home Blood Pressure Monitors To Improve Hypertension Control, Arindam Sarkar, Chinwe Nwokocha, Susan G Nash, Larissa Grigoryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Effective management of hypertension (HTN) is a priority in primary care. With telehealth now considered a staple care delivery method, uninsured and low-income patients without home blood pressure (BP) monitors may need additional attention and resources to achieve successful HTN control.

Methods: This prospective study at an underserved community clinic assessed the impact of distributing free BP monitors on patients' HTN control and therapy adherence. Enrollees were randomized into 2 groups, both completing 4 primary care physician (PCP) visits over a 6-month study period. Intervention participants collected home BP readings to report to their PCP and comparison participants completed …

Sex-Specific Outcomes Of Lbbap Versus Biventricular Pacing: Results From I-Clas, Faiz A Subzposh, Parikshit S Sharma, Óscar Cano, Shunmuga Sundaram Ponnusamy, Bengt Herweg, Francesco Zanon, Marek Jastrzebski, Jiangang Zou, Mihail G Chelu, Kevin Vernooy, Zachary I Whinnett, Girish M Nair, Manuel Molina-Lerma, Karol Curila, Kenneth A Ellenbogen, Pugazhendhi Vijayaraman

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using biventricular pacing (BVP) has been associated with greater clinical improvement in women than men. Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been shown to be an alternative form of CRT.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-specific outcomes for death and heart failure events in a large, international, multicenter, cohort of patients undergoing CRT with BVP or LBBAP.

Methods: In this international study of 1,778 patients (575 female and 1203 male), sex-specific survival analysis was performed to compare the effect of LBBAP-CRT relative to BVP-CRT on the combined endpoint of …

Severity-Adjusted Evaluation Of Initial Dialysis On Short-Term Health Outcomes In Urea Cycle Disorders, Matthias Zielonka, Stefan Kölker, Sven F Garbade, Florian Gleich, Sandesh C S Nagamani, Andrea L Gropman, Ann-Catrin Druck, Nesrine Ramdhouni, Laura Göde, Georg F Hoffmann, Roland Posset, Urea Cycle Disorders Consortium (Ucdc)

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Objective: In individuals with urea cycle disorders (UCDs) and neonatal disease onset, extracorporeal detoxification by continuous kidney replacement therapy is considered the therapeutic method of choice in addition to metabolic emergency treatment to resolve hyperammonemic decompensation. However, the indications for the initiation of dialysis are heterogeneously implemented transnationally, thereby hampering our understanding of (optimal) short-term health outcomes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis evaluating the therapeutic effects of initial dialysis on survival as well as neurocognitive outcome parameters in individuals with UCDs in comparison to a severity-adjusted non-dialyzed control cohort. Overall, 108 individuals with a severe phenotype of male …

Ginkgo Biloba For Tardive Dyskinesia And Plasma Mnsod Activity: Association With Mnsod Ala-9val Variant: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial, Dongmei Wang, Yang Tian, Jiajing Chen, Rongrong Zhu, Jiaxin Li, Huixia Zhou, Dachun Chen, Li Wang, Thomas R Kosten, Xiang-Yang Zhang

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Excessive free radicals are implicated in the pathophysiology of tardive dyskinesia (TD), and Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) scavenges free radicals, thereby enhancing antioxidant enzymes such as mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). This study examined whether EGb761 treatment would improve TD symptoms and increase MnSOD activity, particularly in TD patients with specific MnSOD Val-9Ala genotype.

Methods: An EGb761 (240 mg/day) 12-week double-blind clinical trial with 157 TD patients was randomized. The severity of TD was measured by the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) and plasma MnSOD activity was assayed before and after 12 weeks of treatment. Further, in an expanded …

Outcomes For Patients With Head And Neck Sarcoma Treated Curatively With Radiation Therapy And Surgery, Alison K Yoder, Ahsan Farooqi, Devarati Mitra, J Andrew Livingston, Dejka M Araujo, Erich M Sturgis, Ryan Goepfert, Andrew J Bishop, B Ashleigh Guadagnolo

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) of the head and neck (H&N) are rare malignancies that are challenging to manage. We sought to describe the outcomes of patients treated with curative intent using combined surgery and radiation therapy (RT) for H&N STS.

Methods and materials: We performed a single-institution retrospective review of patients with nonmetastatic STS of the H&N who were treated from 1968 to 2020. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate disease-specific survival (DSS) and local control (LC). Multivariable analyses (MVAs) were conducted using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results: One hundred ninety-two patients had a median follow-up of 82 …

Fluoxetine And Sertraline Inhibit Height Growth And Growth Hormone Signaling During Puberty, Chadi Calarge, Chima Amushie, Stephanie Dinh, James A Mills, Sridevi Devaraj, Griselda Barba-Villalobos, Jacqueline Nguyen, Jose M Garcia, Stephanie Sisley, Fida Bacha, Babette Zemel

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of fluoxetine and sertraline on height growth and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) during puberty.

Methods: In this 6-month cohort study, electronic medical records were used to identify 8- to 15-year-old participants, within 1 month of starting fluoxetine (n = 39) or sertraline (n = 27), and sexual maturation stages 2 to 4 were confirmed. Conditions that interfere with height growth led to exclusion. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments and phlebotomy. Healthy, unmedicated children (n = 36) also provided anthropometric data.

Results: After the baseline height Z-score, sex, Tanner stage, daily …

Genetic Variation Between Small Bowel And Colon-Predominant Crohn's Disease, Halee Patel, R Alan Harris, Justin H Qian, Numan Oezguen, Ashleigh Watson, Reka G Szigeti, Stanley Cho, Wenly Ruan, Savini Britto, Antone Opekun, Geoffrey Preidis, Richard Kellermayer

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

No abstract provided.

Recent Trends In The Incidence Of Gastric Cancer In The United States, Kyle S Liu, Syed Ahsan Raza, Hashem B El-Serag, Aaron P Thrift

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) incidence rates overall in the United States have declined over recent decades and are predicted to continue declining. However, there have been mixed recent findings regarding the potential stabilization of rates and potential divergent trends by age group. We used the most recent cancer data for the United States and examined trends in GC between 1992 and 2019, overall and in important subgroups of the population.

METHODS: Age-adjusted GC incidence rates and trends in adults 20 years or older were calculated using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 12 program. Secular trends were …

Researching Covid To Enhance Recovery (Recover) Pediatric Study Protocol: Rationale, Objectives And Design, Rachel S Gross, Tanayott Thaweethai, Erika B Rosenzweig, James Chan, Lori B Chibnik, Mine S Cicek, Amy J Elliott, Valerie J Flaherman, Andrea S Foulkes, Margot Gage Witvliet, Richard Gallagher, Maria Laura Gennaro, Terry L Jernigan, Elizabeth W Karlson, Stuart D Katz, Patricia A Kinser, Lawrence C Kleinman, Michelle F Lamendola-Essel, Joshua D Milner, Sindhu Mohandas, Praveen C Mudumbi, Jane W Newburger, Kyung E Rhee, Amy L Salisbury, Jessica N Snowden, Cheryl R Stein, Melissa S Stockwell, Kelan G Tantisira, Moriah E Thomason, Dongngan T Truong, David Warburton, John C Wood, Shifa Ahmed, Almary Akerlundh, Akram N Alshawabkeh, Brett R Anderson, Judy L Aschner, Andrew M Atz, Robin L Aupperle, Fiona C Baker, Venkataraman Balaraman, Dithi Banerjee, Deanna M Barch, Arielle Baskin-Sommers, Sultana Bhuiyan, Marie-Abele C Bind, Amanda L Bogie, Tamara Bradford, Natalie C Buchbinder, Elliott Bueler, Hülya Bükülmez, B J Casey, Linda Chang, Maryanne Chrisant, Duncan B Clark, Rebecca G Clifton, Katharine N Clouser, Lesley Cottrell, Kelly Cowan, Viren D'Sa, Mirella Dapretto, Soham Dasgupta, Walter Dehority, Audrey Dionne, Kirsten B Dummer, Matthew D Elias, Shari Esquenazi-Karonika, Danielle N Evans, E Vincent S Faustino, Alexander G Fiks, Daniel Forsha, John J Foxe, Naomi P Friedman, Greta Fry, Sunanda Gaur, Dylan G Gee, Kevin M Gray, Stephanie Handler, Ashraf S Harahsheh, Keren Hasbani, Andrew C Heath, Camden Hebson, Mary M Heitzeg, Christina M Hester, Sophia Hill, Laura Hobart-Porter, Travis K F Hong, Carol R Horowitz, Daniel S Hsia, Matthew Huentelman, Kathy D Hummel, Katherine Irby, Joanna Jacobus, Vanessa L Jacoby, Pei-Ni Jone, David C Kaelber, Tyler J Kasmarcak, Matthew J Kluko, Jessica S Kosut, Angela R Laird, Jeremy Landeo-Gutierrez, Sean M Lang, Christine L Larson, Peter Paul C Lim, Krista M Lisdahl, Brian W Mccrindle, Russell J Mcculloh, Kimberly Mchugh, Alan L Mendelsohn, Torri D Metz, Julie Miller, Elizabeth C Mitchell, Lerraughn M Morgan, Eva M Müller-Oehring, Erica R Nahin, Michael C Neale, Manette Ness-Cochinwala, Sheila M Nolan, Carlos R Oliveira, Onyekachukwu Osakwe, Matthew E Oster, R Mark Payne, Michael A Portman, Hengameh Raissy, Isabelle G Randall, Suchitra Rao, Harrison T Reeder, Johana M Rosas, Mark W Russell, Arash A Sabati, Yamuna Sanil, Alice I Sato, Michael S Schechter, Rangaraj Selvarangan, S Kristen Sexson Tejtel, Divya Shakti, Kavita Sharma, Lindsay M Squeglia, Shubika Srivastava, Michelle D Stevenson, Jacqueline Szmuszkovicz, Maria M Talavera-Barber, Ronald J Teufel, Deepika Thacker, Felicia Trachtenberg, Mmekom M Udosen, Megan R Warner, Sara E Watson, Alan Werzberger, Jordan C Weyer, Marion J Wood, H Shonna Yin, William T Zempsky, Emily Zimmerman, Benard P Dreyer, Recover-Pediatric Consortium

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

IMPORTANCE: The prevalence, pathophysiology, and long-term outcomes of COVID-19 (post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 [PASC] or "Long COVID") in children and young adults remain unknown. Studies must address the urgent need to define PASC, its mechanisms, and potential treatment targets in children and young adults.

OBSERVATIONS: We describe the protocol for the Pediatric Observational Cohort Study of the NIH's REsearching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Initiative. RECOVER-Pediatrics is an observational meta-cohort study of caregiver-child pairs (birth through 17 years) and young adults (18 through 25 years), recruited from more than 100 sites across the US. This report focuses on two of …

Citrulline And Adi-Peg20 Reduce Inflammation In A Juvenile Porcine Model Of Acute Endotoxemia, Caitlin Vonderohe, Barbara Stoll, Inka Didelija, Trung Nguyen, Mahmoud Mohammad, Yava Jones-Hall, Miguel A Cruz, Juan Marini, Douglas Burrin

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Arginine is a conditionally essential amino acid that is depleted in critically ill or surgical patients. In pediatric and adult patients, sepsis results in an arginine-deficient state, and the depletion of plasma arginine is associated with greater mortality. However, direct supplementation of arginine can result in the excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), which can contribute to the hypotension and macrovascular hypo-reactivity observed in septic shock. Pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20, pegargiminase) reduces plasma arginine and generates citrulline that can be transported intracellularly to generate local arginine and NO, without resulting in hypotension, while maintaining microvascular patency. The objective of …

Critical Dialogue And Capacity-Building Projects Reduced Alcohol And Substance Use In A Randomized Clinical Trial Among Formerly Incarcerated Men, Liliane Cambraia Windsor, Ellen Benoit, Carol Lee, Alexis Jemal, Kari Kugler, Douglas C Smith, Rogério M Pinto, Salma Musaad

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background:

Rates of alcohol and/or substance use (ASU) among residents of predominantly Black and marginalized communities are similar to ASU rates in White communities. Yet ASU has worse consequences in predominantly Black and marginalized communities (e.g., higher incarceration).

Objective:

We randomized participants to one of 16 intervention conditions using a 2⁴ full factorial design to optimize a multilevel intervention reducing ASU among 602 formerly incarcerated men with substance-use-disorders (SUD). Candidate intervention components included (1) critical dialogue (CD; six weekly 2-hour-long group sessions vs. no CD sessions), (2) Quality of Life Wheel (QLW; six weekly 1-hour-long group sessions vs. no …

International Society For Pediatric And Adolescent Diabetes Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Diabetes Technologies - Insulin Delivery, Torben Biester, Cari Berget, Charlotte Boughton, Laura Cudizio, Laya Ekhlaspour, Marisa E Hilliard, Leenatha Reddy, Suzanne Sap Ngo Um, Melissa Schoelwer, Jennifer L Sherr, Klemen Dovc

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive set of clinical recommendations for children, adolescents, and young adults living with diabetes worldwide. This chapter builds on the 2022 ISPAD guidelines, and summarizes recent advances in the technology behind insulin administration, with special emphasis on insulin pump therapy, especially on glucose-responsive integrated technology that is feasible with the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems in children and adolescents. The International Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Diabetes (ISPAD) guidelines represent a rich repository that serves as the only comprehensive …