Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Anemia, Iron Deficiency, And Cause-Specific Mortality: The Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities Study, Ethan J Cannon, Jeffrey R Misialek, Leo F Buckley, Iman A F Aboelsaad, Christie M Ballantyne, John Leister, James S Pankow, Pamela L Lutsey

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Introduction: Anemia is a risk factor for all-cause mortality in older adults. Iron deficiency may also be associated with adverse outcomes, independent of its role in causing anemia. This study tested the hypotheses that anemia, and low ferritin among non-anemic participants, were associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in a community-based cohort of older adults.

Methods: Fasting blood was obtained from 5,070 ARIC participants (median age: 75 years) in 2011-2013. Anemia was defined by hemoglobin concentrations < 12 g/dL in women and < 13 g/dL in men. We classified 4,020 non-anemic participants by quartiles of plasma ferritin, measured by the SomaScan proteomics platform. Cox proportional hazards regression was used. Mortality was ascertained via phone calls with proxies as part of twice-yearly cohort follow-up, surveillance of local hospital discharge indexes, state death records, and linkage to the National Death Index.

Results: Of the total participants, 21% had anemia at baseline. Over a median of 7.5 years, there were 1,147 deaths, including 357 due to …

A Prdm16-Driven Signal Regulates Body Composition In Testosterone-Treated Hypogonadal Men, Siresha Bathina, Georgia Colleluori, Dennis T Villareal, Lina Aguirre, Rui Chen, Reina Armamento-Villareal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Testosterone (T) therapy increases lean mass and reduces total body and truncal fat mass in hypogonadal men. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the reciprocal changes in fat and lean mass in humans are not entirely clear.

METHODS: Secondary analysis of specimens obtained from a single-arm, open-label clinical trial on pharmacogenetics of response to T therapy in men with late-onset hypogonadism, conducted between 2011 and 2016 involving 105 men (40-74 years old), who were given intramuscular T cypionate 200 mg every 2 weeks for 18 months. Subcutaneous fat (SCF), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum were obtained from …

Dna Mismatch Repair Defect And Intratumor Heterogeneous Deficiency Differently Impact Immune Responses In Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Zijun Y Xu-Monette, Cancan Luo, Li Yu, Yong Li, Govind Bhagat, Alexandar Tzankov, Carlo Visco, Xiangshan Fan, Karen Dybkaer, Ali Sakhdari, Nicholas T Wang, Alyssa F Yuan, April Chiu, Wayne Tam, Youli Zu, Eric D Hsi, Anamarija M Perry, Wenting Song, Dennis O'Malley, Qingyan Au, Harry Nunns, Heounjeong Go, Michael B Møller, Benjamin M Parsons, Santiago Montes-Moreno, Maurilio Ponzoni, Andrés J M Ferreri, Aliyah R Sohani, Jeremy S Abramson, Bing Xu, Ken H Young

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Deficient (d) DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a biomarker predictive of better response to PD-1 blockade immunotherapy in solid tumors. dMMR can be caused by mutations in MMR genes or by protein inactivation, which can be detected by sequencing and immunohistochemistry, respectively. To investigate the role of dMMR in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), MMR gene mutations and expression of MSH6, MSH2, MLH1, and PMS2 proteins were evaluated by targeted next-generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry in a large cohort of DLBCL patients treated with standard chemoimmunotherapy, and correlated with the tumor immune microenvironment characteristics quantified by fluorescent multiplex immunohistochemistry and gene-expression …

High Prevalence Of A-Β+ Ketosis-Prone Diabetes In Children With Type 2 Diabetes And Diabetic Ketoacidosis At Diagnosis: Evidence From The Rare And Atypical Diabetes Network (Radiant), Elizabeth Kubota-Mishra, Xiaofan Huang, Charles G Minard, Marcela Astudillo, Ahmad Refaey, Graciela Montes, Stephanie Sisley, Nalini Ram, William E Winter, Rochelle N Naylor, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Maria J Redondo, Mustafa Tosur, Radiant Study Group

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND:A−β+ ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) in adults is characterized by presentation with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), negative islet autoantibodies, and preserved β-cell function in persons with a phenotype of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes (T2D). The prevalence of KPD has not been evaluated in children. We investigated children with DKA at “T2D” onset and determined the prevalence and characteristics of pediatric A−β+ KPD within this cohort.

METHODS: We reviewed the records of 716 children with T2D at a large academic hospital and compared clinical characteristics of those with and without DKA at onset. In the …

Development, Implementation, And Evaluation Of Three Outreach Events To Improve Covid-19 Vaccine Uptake Among Racial And Ethnic Minority Communities In Houston, Texas, 2022, Carmin Munoz-Lavanderos, Abiodun Oluyomi, Omar Rosales, Norvin Hernandez, Nana Mensah-Bonsu, Hoda Badr

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

OBJECTIVES: Lack of access to timely, accurate, and linguistically appropriate COVID-19 information has complicated the dissemination of evidence-based information and contributed to vaccine hesitancy among racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States. We developed community events that provided outreach, education, and access to COVID-19 vaccination to overcome vaccine hesitancy in these communities.

METHODS: Using spatial analysis techniques, we identified 3 communities with low vaccine uptake in Houston, Texas, in fall 2021; engaged 20 stakeholders from these communities via 4 focus groups to understand barriers to vaccination; and developed and implemented 3 COVID-19 vaccine education and outreach events tailored …

Cardiac Tamponade Secondary To Esophagopericardial Fistula, Caitlin T Perez-Stable, Lauren T Callaghan, Christopher K Wong, Jorge M Escobar, Mahboob Alam

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Esophagopericardial fistulas are an extremely rare structural defect that may arise from malignant or iatrogenic etiologies. This article reports the case of a patient with cardiac tamponade secondary to hydropneumopericardium from esophagopericardial fistula. Given the high morbidity and mortality of this condition, this article describes challenges in diagnosis and clinical decision-making to improve early identification and interdisciplinary management.

Newborn Screening Analytes And Structural Birth Defects Among 27,000 Newborns, Philip J Lupo, Natalie P Archer, Rachel D Harris, Lisa K Marengo, Jeremy M Schraw, Adrienne T Hoyt, Susan Tanksley, Rachel Lee, Margaret Drummond-Borg, Debra Freedenberg, Priya B Shetty, A J Agopian, Charles Shumate, Sonja A Rasmussen, Peter H Langlois, Mark A Canfield

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Emerging evidence suggests newborn screening analytes may yield insights into the etiologies of birth defects, yet no effort has evaluated associations between a range of newborn screening analytes and birth defects.

Methods: This population-based study pooled statewide data on birth defects, birth certificates, and newborn screening analytes from Texas occurring between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2009. Associations between a panel of thirty-six newborn screening analytes, collected by the statewide Texas Newborn Screening Program, and the presence of a birth defect, defined as at least one of 39 birth defects diagnoses recorded by the Texas Birth Defects Registry, …

Select Gut Microbiota Impede Rotavirus Vaccine Efficacy, Vu L Ngo, Yanling Wang, Yadong Wang, Zhenda Shi, Robert Britton, Jun Zou, Sasirekha Ramani, Baoming Jiang, Andrew T Gewirtz

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The protection provided by rotavirus (RV) vaccines is highly heterogeneous among individuals. We hypothesized that microbiota composition might influence RV vaccine efficacy.

METHODS: First, we examined the potential of segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) colonization to influence RV vaccine efficacy in mice. Next, we probed the influence of human microbiomes on RV vaccination via administering mice fecal microbial transplants (FMTs) from children with robust or minimal RV vaccine responsiveness. Post-FMT, mice were subjected to RV vaccination followed by RV challenge.

RESULTS: SFB colonization induced a phenotype that was reminiscent of RV vaccine failure (ie, failure to generate RV …

Lack Of Knowledge Of Antibiotic Risks Contributes To Primary Care Patients' Expectations Of Antibiotics For Common Symptoms, Lindsey A Laytner, Barbara W Trautner, Susan Nash, Roger Zoorob, Jennifer O Okoh, Eva Amenta, Kiara Olmeda, Juanita Salinas, Michael K Paasche-Orlow, Larissa Grigoryan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Patient expectations of receiving antibiotics for common symptoms can trigger unnecessary use. We conducted a survey (n = 564) between January 2020 to June 2021 in public and private primary care clinics in Texas to study the prevalence and predictors of patients' antibiotic expectations for common symptoms/illnesses. We surveyed Black patients (33%) and Hispanic/Latine patients (47%), and over 93% expected to receive an antibiotic for at least 1 of the 5 pre-defined symptoms/illnesses. Public clinic patients were nearly twice as likely to expect antibiotics for sore throat, diarrhea, and cold/flu than private clinic patients. Lack of knowledge of potential risks …

Siglec15, Negatively Correlated With Pd-L1 In Hcc, Could Induce Cd8+ T Cell Apoptosis To Promote Immune Evasion, Zheng Chen, Mincheng Yu, Bo Zhang, Lei Jin, Qiang Yu, Shuang Liu, Binghai Zhou, Jiuliang Yan, Wentao Zhang, Xiaoqiang Li, Yongfeng Xu, Yongsheng Xiao, Jian Zhou, Jia Fan, Mien-Chie Hung, Qinghai Ye, Hui Li, Lei Guo

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Functional roles of SIGLEC15 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were not clear, which was recently found to be an immune inhibitor with similar structure of inhibitory B7 family members. SIGLEC15 expression in HCC was explored in public databases and further examined by PCR analysis. SIGLEC15 and PD-L1 expression patterns were examined in HCC samples through immunohistochemistry. SIGLEC15 expression was knocked-down or over-expressed in HCC cell lines, and CCK8 tests were used to examine cell proliferative ability in vitro. Influences of SIGLEC15 expression on tumor growth were examined in immune deficient and immunocompetent mice respectively. Co-culture system of HCC cell lines and …

Childhood And Adolescent Relapsed/Refractory Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas With T(8;14) And Bcl2 Expression, Burkitt Lymphoma Versus Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: A Diagnostic Challenge, Fouad El Dana, Sofia Alexandra Garces Narvaez, Nader K El-Mallawany, Jennifer E Agrusa, Zoann E Dreyer, Andrea N Marcogliese, Mohamed Tarek Elghetany, Jyotinder N Punia, Chi Young Ok, Keyur P Patel, Dolores H Lopez-Terrada, Kevin E Fisher, Choladda V Curry

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

We present 2 diagnostically challenging cases of pediatric/adolescent relapsed/refractory aggressive mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) within the spectrum of Burkitt lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and illustrate the different therapeutic regimens that are employed for pediatric and adult cancer centers. Both cases displayed varying-sized lymphoma cells with occasional single prominent nucleoli and heterogeneous BCL2 expression. Cytogenetics revealed complex karyotypes with t(8:14)(q24.2;q32) and IGH::MYC rearrangement by FISH. Next generation sequencing revealed deleterious TP53 and MYC mutations. We concluded that both could be diagnosed as “DLBCL-NOS with MYC rearrangement” using the current pathologic classifications, 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) and World …

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting In A Patient With Multivessel Disease And Dextrocardia With Situs Inversus Totalis, Rohit Shahani, Adham Ahmed, Frank M Rosell, Alexander Iribarne

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Dextrocardia with situs inversus totalis is a rare hereditary condition characterized by reversed orientation of the major thoracic and abdominal organs. Though dextrocardia itself is not believed to increase the risk of coronary artery disease, the workup and surgical management of patients with this condition may be technically challenging to heart team clinicians. This report describes the case management of a high-risk 56-year-old man with dextrocardia who presented with multivessel coronary artery disease.

Mitral Valve Regurgitation In Klippel-Feil Syndrome With Related Thoracic Deformity, Yuki Endo, Yoshiei Shimamura, Hiroshi Niinami

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Klippel-Feil syndrome, characterized by congenital fusion of any 2 or more cervical vertebrae, is a rare disorder in which skeletal and other organ system-related abnormalities have been reported. This article reports a case of mitral valve regurgitation in a patient with Klippel-Feil syndrome and related thoracic deformity who underwent mitral valvuloplasty. Postoperatively, the mitral valve regurgitation disappeared, and there has been no recurrence for 3 years. This case highlights mitral valvuloplasty via median sternotomy as an excellent treatment for mitral valve regurgitation in a patient with thoracic deformity related to Klippel-Feil syndrome.

Does Serum Uric Acid To Creatinine Ratio Predict Mortality Risk In Patients With Heart Failure, Xiaoqing Xi, Jinfeng Cai, Chen Zhang, Xuefei Wang

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have established a positive correlation between serum uric acid to creatinine (SUA/Cr) ratio and cardiovascular disease, but the relationship between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of heart failure (HF) remains unknown. This study investigated the potential of SUA/Cr ratio as a prognostic predictor for patients with HF.

METHODS: This single-center prospective cohort study enrolled 2,122 patients with HF between March 2013 and June 2017. All patients were divided into 3 groups according to SUA/Cr ratio tertiles and were followed up with until December 31, 2022. The association between SUA/Cr ratio and the prognosis of HF was assessed …

A Multi-Institutional Natural Language Processing Pipeline To Extract Performance Status From Electronic Health Records, Arash Maghsoudi, Yvonne H Sada, Sara Nowakowski, Danielle Guffey, Huili Zhu, Sudha R Yarlagadda, Ang Li, Javad Razjouyan

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

PURPOSE: Performance status (PS), an essential indicator of patients' functional abilities, is often documented in clinical notes of patients with cancer. The use of natural language processing (NLP) in extracting PS from electronic medical records (EMRs) has shown promise in enhancing clinical decision-making, patient monitoring, and research studies. We designed and validated a multi-institute NLP pipeline to automatically extract performance status from free-text patient notes.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We collected data from 19,481 patients in Harris Health System (HHS) and 333,862 patients from veteran affair's corporate data warehouse (VA-CDW) and randomly selected 400 patients from each data source to train …

Assessing The Acceptability And Effectiveness Of A Novel Therapeutic Footwear In Reducing Foot Pain And Improving Function Among Older Adults: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial, M G Finco, Abderrahman Ouattas, Nesreen El-Refaei, Anmol Salim Momin, Mehrnaz Azarian, Bijan Najafi

Center on Aging Staff Publications

Introduction: Nearly, a quarter of older adults suffer from frequent foot pain, impacting their quality of life. While proper footwear can alleviate this, design issues often hinder regular use. This study evaluated novel therapeutic footwear, designed for aesthetics and custom fit, to reduce foot pain. We hypothesized that older adults would experience less foot pain and favor the new footwear over their own.

Methods: This 12-week crossover randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of OrthoFeet therapeutic footwear on reducing foot pain in older adults (n = 50, age = 65 ± 5, 18% male) with moderate to severe pain. Participants …

Parkinson's Disease And Other Alzheimer's Disease And Related Dementia Pathologies And The Progression Of Parkinsonism In Older Adults, Aron S Buchman, Lei Yu, Shahram Oveisgharan, Andrea R Zammit, Tianhao Wang, Joshua M Shulman, Veronique Vanderhorst, Sukrit Nag, David A Bennett

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The interrelationship of parkinsonism, Parkinson's disease (PD) and other Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) pathologies is unclear.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the progression of parkinsonian signs in adults with and without parkinsonism, and their underlying brain pathologies.

METHODS: Annual parkinsonian signs were based on a modified Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. We used linear mixed effects models to compare the progression of parkinsonian signs in 3 groups categorized based on all available clinical evaluations: Group1 (never parkinsonism or clinical PD), Group2 (ever parkinsonism, but never clinical PD), Group3 (ever clinical PD). In decedents, we examined …

Investigation Of Setmelanotide, An Mc4r Agonist, For Obesity In Individuals With Smith-Magenis Syndrome, Julia Lazareva, Stephanie R Sisley, Sheila M Brady, Ann C M Smith, Sarah H Elsea, Jeremy J Pomeroy, Christian L Roth, Jennifer E Sprague, Martin Wabitsch, Jill Garrison, Jack A Yanovski

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Smith Magenis Syndrome (SMS) is a rare genetic disorder caused by RAI1 haploinsufficiency. Obesity in people with SMS is believed partially due to dysfunction of the proximal melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) pathway. We therefore studied effects of treatment with the MC4R agonist setmelanotide on obesity and hunger, as well as metabolic, cardiac and safety, in individuals with SMS.

Methods: People with SMS received once-daily setmelanotide injections, with the dose titrated bi-weekly to a maximum of 3 mg over ∼1 month; and a full-dose treatment duration of 3mo. The primary outcome was percent change in body weight. Secondary outcomes included …

A Comprehensive Analysis Of Neuroblastoma Incidence, Survival, And Racial And Ethnic Disparities From 2001 To 2019, Kevin Campbell, David A Siegel, Puja J Umaretiya, Shifan Dai, Andras Heczey, Philip J Lupo, Jeremy M Schraw, Trevor D Thompson, Michael E Scheurer, Jennifer H Foster

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: We characterize the incidence and 5-year survival of children and adolescents with neuroblastoma stratified by demographic and clinical factors based on the comprehensive data from United States Cancer Statistics (USCS) and the National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR).

METHODS: We analyzed the incidence of neuroblastoma from USCS (2003-2019) and survival data from NPCR (2001-2018) for patients less than 20 years old. Incidence trends were calculated by average annual percent change (AAPC) using joinpoint regression. Differences in relative survival were estimated comparing non-overlapping confidence intervals (CI).

RESULTS: We identified 11,543 primary neuroblastoma cases in USCS. Age-adjusted incidence was 8.3 per …

Trauma Patients Have Reduced Ex Vivo Flow-Dependent Platelet Hemostatic Capacity In A Microfluidic Model Of Vessel Injury, Kimberly A. Thomas, Rassam M. G. Rassam, Ronit Kar, Devin M. Dishong, Katelin C. Rahn, Ricardo Fonseca, Melissa Canas, Jose Aldana, Hussain Afzal, Kelly Bochicchio, Matthew D. Neal, Grant V. Bochicchio, Philip C. Spinella, Susan M. Shea

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Trauma is the leading cause of death in individuals up to 45 years of age. Alterations in platelet function are a critical component of trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC), yet these changes and the potential resulting dysfunction is incompletely understood. The lack of clinical assays available to explore platelet function in this patient population has hindered detailed understanding of the role of platelets in TIC. The objective of this study was to assess trauma patient ex vivo flow-dependent platelet hemostatic capacity in a microfluidic model. We hypothesized that trauma patients would have flow-regime dependent alterations in platelet function. Blood was collected from …

A Multisociety Delphi Consensus Statement On New Fatty Liver Disease Nomenclature, Mary E Rinella, Samuel Klein, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The principal limitations of the terms NAFLD and NASH are the reliance on exclusionary confounder terms and the use of potentially stigmatising language. This study set out to determine if content experts and patient advocates were in favor of a change in nomenclature and/or definition. A modified Delphi process was led by three large pan-national liver associations. The consensus was defined a priori as a supermajority (67%) vote. An independent committee of experts external to the nomenclature process made the final recommendation on the acronym and its diagnostic criteria. A total of 236 panelists from 56 countries participated in 4 …

A Global Multicohort Study To Map Subcortical Brain Development And Cognition In Infancy And Early Childhood, Ann M Alex, Kelly Botteron, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The human brain grows quickly during infancy and early childhood, but factors influencing brain maturation in this period remain poorly understood. To address this gap, we harmonized data from eight diverse cohorts, creating one of the largest pediatric neuroimaging datasets to date focused on birth to 6 years of age. We mapped the developmental trajectory of intracranial and subcortical volumes in ∼2,000 children and studied how sociodemographic factors and adverse birth outcomes influence brain structure and cognition. The amygdala was the first subcortical volume to mature, whereas the thalamus exhibited protracted development. Males had larger brain volumes than females, and …

Biopsychosocial Factors Associated With Pain And Pain-Related Outcomes In Adults And Children With Sickle Cell Disease: A Multivariable Analysis Of The Grndad Multicenter Registry, Martha O Kenney, Sana Saif Ur Rehman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Pain is the primary symptomatic manifestation of sickle cell disease (SCD), an inherited hemoglobinopathy. The characteristics that influence pain experiences and outcomes in SCD are not fully understood. The primary objective of this study was to use multivariable modeling to examine associations of biopsychosocial variables with a disease-specific measure of pain interference known as pain impact. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the Global Research Network for Data and Discovery national SCD registry. A total of 657 children and adults with SCD were included in the analysis. This sample was 60% female with a median age of 34 …

Responsive Neurostimulation For People With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy And Autism Spectrum Disorder, Madeline C. Fields, Emily A. Johnson, John Zempel, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have comorbid epilepsy at much higher rates than the general population, and about 30% will be refractory to medication. Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) should be referred for surgical evaluation, yet many with ASD and DRE are not resective surgical candidates. The aim of this study was to examine the response of this population to the responsive neurostimulator (RNS) System.

METHODS: This multicenter study evaluated patients with ASD and DRE who underwent RNS System placement. Patients were included if they had the RNS System placed for 1 year or more. Seizure reduction and …

Socioeconomic Status And Health Disparities Drive Differences In Accelerometer-Derived Physical Activity In Fatty Liver Disease And Significant Fibrosis, Lucia Tabacu, Sajag Swami, Mark Ledbetter, Mohamad S. Siddiqui, Ekaterina Smirnova

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Background and aims

The cornerstone of clinical management of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are lifestyle changes such as increasing physical activity (PA) aimed at improving cardiometabolic risk. To inform NAFLD prevention and treatment guidelines we aimed to: (i) quantify the role of PA on lowering the risk for NAFLD and fibrosis; (ii) characterize NAFLD and fibrosis association with PA in the context of socioeconomic environment.

Methods

A sample of 2648 participants from the NHANES 2003–2006 was selected to develop survey weighted multivariable logistic regression models for predicting NAFLD and significant fibrosis, diagnosed non-invasively via fatty liver index …

Leveraging Mhealth To Mitigate The Impact Of Covid-19 In Black American Communities: Qualitative Analysis, Kelly M Harris, Tilicia Mayo Gamble, Madelyn G Yoo, Lindsay A Spell, Timira N Minor, Holly Jones, Donald Lynch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 remains an ongoing public health crisis. Black Americans remain underrepresented among those vaccinated and overrepresented in both COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Medical misinformation, specifically related to COVID-19, has exacerbated the impact of the disease in Black American communities. Communication tools and strategies to build relationships and disseminate credible and trustworthy diagnostic and preventative health information are necessary to improve outcomes and equity for historically oppressed populations.

OBJECTIVE: As the initial phase of a larger mixed methods project to develop, pilot, and evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) intervention among a population at high risk for COVID-19 and cardiovascular comorbidities, …

Dsm-5 Conduct Disorder And Symptoms In Youths At High Risk Of Psychosis In Kenya With Dsm-5 Mental Disorders And Substance Use: Towards Integrated Management, David M Ndetei, Victoria Mutiso, Christine Musyimi, Reinpeter Momanyi, Pascalyne Nyamai, Peter Tyrer, Daniel Mamah

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Little is known about the prevalence of Conduct Disorder (CD) and symptoms of CD in high risk psychosis persons at both clinical and community populations in LMICs and in particular Kenya. This study aimed to document (1) the prevalence of CD diagnosis and symptoms in youth who screened positive for psychosis and (2) the associated mental disorders and substance use in the same cohort in LMIC. The sample size was 536 students who had screened positive on the Washington Early Recognition Center Affectivity and Psychosis (WERCAP) from a population of 9,742 high school, college and university students, but had not …

The Effect Of Postoperative Naloxone In Certain Otolaryngologic Surgeries, Natalie M. Perlov, Sohan S. Shah, Joann Bluj, Zachary D. Urdang, Rebecca C. Chiffer

Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Faculty Papers

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of postoperative naloxone with the development of new substance use disorder (SUD), overdose, and death within 6 months of otolaryngologic surgery.

STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort database study on TriNetX.

METHODS: Adult patients who underwent tonsil surgery (noncancerous), thyroid/parathyroid, septorhinoplasty, otology/neurotology, sinus/anterior skull base, and head and neck cancer surgeries between January 2003 and April 2023. Patients were excluded if they had an instance of SUD or overdose recorded in their charts prior to surgery, or had undergone another surgery within that 6-month time frame. We hypothesized that patients prescribed naloxone postoperatively would have decreased odds …

Mental Health Differences In Medical Students Based On Curriculum And Gender, Maxim Jestin, Shelly Sharma, Deval Jhaveri, Brittany Mitchell, Dean Micciche, Venkat Venkataraman, Kathryn Lambert

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental health struggles among students in medical school is widely reported; however, little is known about how it is impacted by the medical school curriculum. This study aimed to evaluate differences in anxiety, depression, and emotional exhaustion in medical students based on gender, class year, and curriculum.

METHODS: An anonymous online survey consisting of questions from established, validated questionnaires about demographics, anxiety, depression, emotional exhaustion, and personal health behaviors was sent to 817 medical students who attended Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine during the Spring of 2021. When applying to this school, each of these students …

Nucleus Accumbens Core Single Cell Ensembles Bidirectionally Respond To Experienced Versus Observed Aversive Events, Oyku Dinckol, Noah Harris Wenger, Jennifer E Zachry, Munir Gunes Kutlu

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Fear learning is a critical feature of survival skills among mammals. In rodents, fear learning manifests itself through direct experience of the aversive event or social transmission of aversive stimuli such as observing and acting on conspecifics' distress. The neuronal network underlying the social transmission of information largely overlaps with the brain regions that mediate behavioral responses to aversive and rewarding stimuli. In this study, we recorded single cell activity patterns of nucleus accumbens (NAc) core neurons using in vivo optical imaging of calcium transients via miniature scopes. This cutting-edge imaging methodology not only allows us to record activity patterns …