Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Inpatient Glycemic Management: Glucose Control Relationship With Hospital Variables, Discharge Planning And Education, Crisamar Javellana-Anunciado Phd, Fnp-Bc, Rn

Dissertations

This dissertation study examined the relationship of glucose control with clinical outcomes, costs, discharge planning and education. Extant studies showed that hyperglycemia, in the presence or absence of a diabetes diagnosis, is prevalent in hospitalized patients. Hyperglycemia is found in one-third of all hospital admissions and is linked to poor clinical outcomes and increased healthcare costs. Furthermore, clinical evidence suggests that lack of discharge coordination associated with medical errors and readmission. This entire body of work contains three distinct sections: Two manuscripts and a grant proposal. The two manuscripts in this study were based on more current retrospective data at …

Understanding The Roles Of Non-Homologous End Joining And P53 After Dna Damage, Omid Tavana

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

The inability to maintain genomic stability and control proliferation are hallmarks of many cancers, which become exacerbated in the presence of unrepaired DNA damage. Such genotoxic stresses trigger the p53 tumor suppressor network to activate transient cell cycle arrest allowing for DNA repair; if the damage is excessive or irreparable, apoptosis or cellular senescence is triggered. One of the major DNA repair pathway that mends DNA double strand breaks is non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Abrogating the NHEJ pathway leads to an accumulation of DNA damage in the lymphoid system that triggers p53-mediated apoptosis; complete deletion of p53 in this system …

Bigpic: Bridging Income Generation With Provision Of Incentives For Care, Sonak Pastakia

Changing World Conference

No abstract provided.

College Of Public Health News, Georgia Southern University

Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health News (2011-2023)

• Project ADEPT

Teaching Casual Random Blood Glucose Screening To Second-Year Dental Students, Thomas W. Radmer, Moawi M. Kassab, Denis P. Lynch, Martin Walsh

Thomas W Radmer

In our project, archived casual random blood glucose levels of second-year dental students who were taught the mechanics of self-testing were retrieved. Material data were analyzed by calculating means, medians, standard deviations, and ranges for 161 dental students screened by this casual and random self-monitoring of blood glucose levels as described by the American Diabetes Association’s 2008 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Three types of data were assessed in this study. The first was the casual blood glucose levels of second-year dental students. The second was the data retrieved from student questionnaires regarding the value of teaching casual random …

Determination Of The Molecular Mechanisms Of Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes In Cav3.2 Calcium Channel Properties, Ginny Marie Keeling

Master's Theses

Hyperglycemia can cause altered excitability due to increased CaV3.2 T-type calcium channel function, bestowing diabetics an increased neuropathy risk. The objective of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms of increased CaV3.2 function during hyperglycemia in vitro, which leads to a 58% increase in current density and increased channel open probability (PO), among other changes. Two major findings are reported in this study:

1) The enzymatic elimination of extracellular N-acetylneuraminic acid (NANA) moieties reversed the increase in current density and the shift in PO, showing that hyper-glycosylation alters channel function in disease.

2) Treatment with GM1 (a ganglioside highly …

Factors That Influence Food Access In The United States: A Snapshot Of Food Access In Ohio And Kentucky, Maimouna Falls

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: The United States is one the richest countries in the world with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of $48,442, yet many communities lack access to affordable nutritious food. Access to food impacts health outcomes such as obesity and diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between food access and rates of obesity and diabetes in the states of Ohio and Kentucky.

Methods: County level food access data from 120 counties in Kentucky and 88 counties in Ohio were obtained from the USDA website. The dataset included demographic variables and poverty rates. Food access …

Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Thanaporn Chittiphalungsri

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster describes the causes, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis.

The Social Impact Of Diabetes, Denise Lujan

Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations

This poster describes the social impact of living with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 Diabetes And Insomnia: Impact On Metabolic Control, Cheryl Lee Tannas

Wayne State University Dissertations

Diabetes is one of the most serious health challenges in the United States, affecting nearly 21 million Americans. The goal of diabetes management is to maintain the blood glucose close to normal to prevent diabetic complications and therefore extending life expectancy and improving quality of life. Research now indicates a relationship of the quantity and quality of sleep to glycemic control in type 2 diabetics. No research on the impact of insomnia on diabetes prevention and/or management was found in the literature. The purpose of this 11 week intervention study was to examine the effects of participation in Cognitive Behavioral …

Using The Johns Hopkins' Aggregated Diagnosis Groups (Adgs) To Predict 1-Year Mortality In Population-Based Cohorts Of Patients With Diabetes In Ontario, Canada, Peter C. Austin

Peter Austin

AIMS: There are limited validated methods to ascertain comorbidities for risk adjustment in ambulatory populations of patients with diabetes using administrative health-care databases. The objective was to examine the ability of the Johns Hopkins' Aggregated Diagnosis Groups to predict mortality in population-based ambulatory samples of both incident and prevalent subjects with diabetes.

METHODS: Retrospective cohorts constructed using population-based administrative data. The incident cohort consisted of all 346,297 subjects diagnosed with diabetes between 1 April 2004 and 31 March 2008. The prevalent cohort consisted of all 879,849 subjects with pre-existing diabetes on 1 January, 2007. The outcome was death within 1 …

The Role Of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor At The Blood-Brain Barrier In Diabetes, Aileen J. Marcelo

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Diabetes is a risk factor for stroke and vascular dementia. Clinical studies using gadolinium-magnetic resonance imaging techniques have shown diabetic patients exhibit a permeability increase at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) (Starr et al, 2003). The BBB, a vascular interface at the level of brain microvascular vessels, functions to provide nutrients and oxygen from the peripheral circulation, mediates waste efflux from the brain, and protects the brain from toxins. These functions are due to the presence of tight junction proteins. Animal studies have shown increased BBB permeability is due to a decrease in these proteins (Hawkins et al, 2007). Based on …

Role Of Community Health Workers In Improving Diabetes Outcomes, Janet Kegley, Helen Collett, Ralph Fugate

Center of Excellence in Rural Health Presentations

Objective Examine the effectiveness of using community health workers (CHWs) to support nurse-led diabetes self-management education (DSME) with medically underserved clients.

Methods A pretest-posttest group design was used. A sample of 640 was non-randomly drawn from eastern Kentucky Homeplace division clients who reported that they had been told by a health professional they have type-2 diabetes. The sample size for was reduced to 489 because of a decrease in project funding. Inclusion criteria for the study were Kentucky Homeplace clients 18-65+ years of age who reported they had been told by a provider they have diabetes. Clients meeting inclusion criteria …

Do Inhaled Corticosteroids Cause An Increased Risk For Developing Or Worsening A Patient’S Diabetes Mellitus?, Jarrod R. Luttjohann

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) cause an increased risk for developing or worsening a patient’s diabetes mellitus (DM).

STUDY DESIGN Review of three English language primary studies published in 1993, 2009 and 2010.

DATA SOURCES A nested case-control analysis, a randomized control trial and a prospective randomized, doubleblind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, crossover investigation comparing the onset and/or progression of diabetes mellitus in patients using ICS were found using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED Incidence or progression of diabetes was measured using a combination of oral glucose …

Is Acupuncture An Effective Treatment For Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?, Sherri A. Kowalczuk

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this selective EBM review is to determine whether or not acupuncture is an effective treatment for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

STUDY DESIGN: Review of three English language primary studies, one published in 2007 and two of which were published in 2010.

DATA SOURCES: Randomized controlled trials investigating the use of acupuncture for the treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Sources were found using PubMed and Cochrane databases.

OUTCOMES MEASURED: The outcomes measured include the severity of pain from DPN, blood glucose control, and effects on quality of life such as sleep, mood states, and gain or loss …

The Association Between Glycemic Index, Glycemic Load, Grain Intake And Nutrient Adequacy In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie, Tania P. Markovic, Glynis P. Ross, Deborah Foote, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Improving Outpatient Diabetes Care, Susan Kirsh, Michael Hein, Leonard Pogach, Gordon Schectman, Lauren Stevenson, Sharon Watts, Archana Radhakrishnan, John Chardos, David Aron

Public Health Resources

More than 20% of patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) have diabetes; therefore, disseminating “best practices” in outpatient diabetes care is paramount. The authors’ goal was to identify such practices and the factors associated with their development. First, a national VHA diabetes registry with 2008 data identified clinical performance based on the percentage of patients with an A1c >9%. Facilities (n = 140) and community-based outpatient clinics (n = 582) were included and stratified into high, mid, and low performers. Semistructured telephone interviews (31) and site visits (5) were conducted. Low performers cited lack of teamwork between physicians and …

Sirtuin-1 Mediates The Obesity Induced Risk Of Common Degenerative Diseases: Alzheimer's Disease, Coronary Artery Disease And Type 2 Diabetes, Ian Martins, Andrea Wilson, Wei Ling Lim, Simon Laws, Stephanie Fuller, Ralph Martins

Research outputs 2012

Obesity, especially at mid-life, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome, which in turn contrib- ute to coronary artery disease (CAD), Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rise in overweight and obesity in all societies is prompting intense research into the causes and effects of the condition. Obesity disrupts many body systems including glucose and lipid me- tabolism, circadian rhythms and liver function. It also causes or increases inflammation and oxi- dative stress. Within cells, the endoplasmic re- ticulum (ER) appears to be particularly suscep- tible to such metabolic disruption. Sirtuin 1 …

Public Reporting As A Communication Tool To Aid Vulnerable Consumers In Healthcare Decisions: What Do We Know?, Daniel R. Longo, Barbara A. Wright

VCU Libraries Faculty and Staff Presentations

Background/Introduction:

There is tremendous variation in quality, healthcare service utilization and disparities experienced by the poor, certain minorities, and other priority populations. Public reporting is identified as one method of bringing these differences to light and by informing consumers through documented comparison of provider performance to influence change and encourage improvement in healthcare. The federal Accountable Care Act has the stated mandate “to improve the dissemination of measures of healthcare quality and resource use, (and) to build the science of public reporting.” However, early studies on the design and use of consumer reports cite the public’s confusion and lack of …

Effectiveness Of Insulin Pump Use In Controlling Blood Glucose In Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients, Nadia M. Saad

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Type 2-Diabetes Is Associated With Elevated Levels Of Tnf-Alpha, Il-6 And Adiponectin And Low Levels Of Leptin In A Population Of Mexican American: A Cross-Sectional Study, S. Mirza, Monir Hossain, Christine Mathews, Perla Martinez, Paula Pino, Jennifer L. Gay, Anne R. Rentfro, Joseph B. Mccormick, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch

School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Presentations

The goal of the study was to determine the association between diabetes and inflammation in clinically diagnosed diabetes patients. We hypothesized that low-grade inflammation in diabetes is associated with the level of glucose control. Using a cross-sectional design we compared pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines in a community recruited cohort of 367 Mexican Americans with type 2-diabetes having a wide range blood glucose levels. Cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8) and adipokines (adiponectin, resistin and leptin) were measured using multiplex ELISA. Our data indicated that diabetes as whole was strongly associated with elevated levels of IL-6, leptin, CRP and TNF-α, whereas worsening …

Self-Care Agency And Self-Care Practice Of Adult African Americans With Type 2 Diabetes, Martha Eddings

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

The purpose of the study was to identify and examine the concepts of self-care agency and self-care practice of African American adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, living in the local community. The research questions addressed were: 1) What is the self-care agency of adult African Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? 2) What is the self-care practice of adult African Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? 3) Is there a relationship between self-care agency and self-care practice in adult African Americans diagnosed with type 2 diabetes? The Denyes Self-Care Agency Instrument (DSCAI-90) and the Denyes Self-Care Practice Instrument (DSCPI-90) …

National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Preventing Sudden Death In Sports, Douglas J. Casa, Kevin M. Guskiewicz, Scott A. Anderson, Ronald W. Courson, Jonathan F. Heck, Carolyn C. Jimenez, Brendon P. Mcdermott, Michael G. Miller, Rebecca L. Stearns, Erik E. Swartz, Katie M. Walsh

Sports Medicine Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Lycopene On Plasma Glucose, Insulin Levels, Oxidative Stress, And Body Weights Of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, Muhsi̇n Aydin, Sefa Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

To determine possible therapeutic effects of oral lycopene supplementation on plasma insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, blood glucose levels, and the antioxidant defense system of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods: Classical biochemical methods were used to determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine plasma insulin levels and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of brain antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px). Results: It was found that the diabetes-related increase in blood glucose levels was reduced by supplementation …

Access And Barriers To Diabetic Self Care Education And Support Groups In A Rural Southern Minnesota Community, Elizabeth Waters

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Diabetic education and support groups promote self care, improve health outcomes, and decrease health care costs. Self care, an important aspect of diabetes care, can be promoted through diabetes education and support groups. Few studies have been done to explore rural population's access to and attendance of diabetes self care education and support groups. The purpose of this qualitative study was to determine if residents of a rural southern Minnesota community have access to diabetes education and support groups and what barriers they face to attending the groups. The understanding gained through this study will help to develop nursing interventions …

Life Course Socio-Economic Measures As Predictors Of Bmi Trajectories And Prevalence Of Diabetes In Adult Life, Tabassum Zarina Insaf

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Few studies have analyzed the effect of lifecourse socioeconomic position (LSEP) on racial disparities in body mass index (BMI) trajectories and Diabetes. Four waves of the Americans' Changing Lives study (1986-2002) were used to compute BMI trajectories and diabetes prevalence for 3497 Black and White participants. Multivariate associations of LSEP variables (father's education, perceived childhood SEP, education, income, wealth and financial stress) with baseline BMI and BMI change were assessed using mixed models. We also evaluated whether disparate LSEP predictors are influential in Blacks as compared to Whites. Finally we evaluated the presence of latent, pathway and cumulative models of …

Targeting Mitochondrial Function In Diabetic Nephropathy, Colin Reily

All ETDs from UAB

TARGETING MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION IN DIABETIC NEPHROPATHY The incidence of diabetes has increased to epidemic proportions over the last 50 years, due to a complex interaction of lifestyle and dietary factors. Changes in physical activity, caloric intake, and the composition of foods consumed over the last century are thought to interact with metabolic syndrome prone subpopulations leading ultimately to diabetes. It is widely accepted that chronic hyperglycemia in the blood characterizes the diabetic condition. Since the discovery of insulin therapy in the first half of the 20th century, diabetics have extended their lifespan considerably, but at the cost of increased morbitity …

Barriers To Diabetes Self-Management In African American Women, Christine Little-Gregory

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

Diabetes is a global epidemic and is a leading cause of disease-related death. In the United States, diabetes is the most common chronic disease affecting 23.6 million Americans or 7.8% of the population (Centers for Disease Control, 2010a). African American women have the highest prevalence of diabetes. Health promotion in the form of diabetes self-management is the key to reducing this urgent disparity. This descriptive study sought to identify barriers to diabetes self-management and identify relationships associated with self-management in this population. This study was conducted using a convenience sampling of African American women with diabetes who were surveyed to …

Sugar Consumption And Cognitive Aging In The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study Of Aging, Shyam Seetharaman

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Abstract

Consumption of foods high in sugar content has been linked with the development of metabolic abnormalities such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes, major sources of global health concerns. Although the detrimental consequences of high intake of sugar on abnormal metabolic processes are established, it is not known how this association affects (or accelerates) cognitive aging.

The current project was based on data from the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA) to test the hypothesis that high refined sugar intake contributes to accelerated trajectories of cognitive decline assessed longitudinally. Trajectories of cognitive change were assessed as a function …

Are Podcasts Effective At Educating African American Men About Diabetes, Jarrett Johnson, Levi Ross, Walter Iwanenko, Judith Schiffert, Arup Sen

Levi Ross

Education is a critical component of the National Blueprint to eliminate racial disparities in diabetes. Research indicates that traditional methods of diabetes education has had limited effectiveness with minority populations and suggests that different educational approaches be explored. The purpose of the research was to explore the effectiveness of an emergent technology (podcast) for use in educating inner-city, African American men about diabetes prevention. Thirty African American men participated in self-administered, pretest-posttest surveys in August 2009. Surveys collected information on demographic characteristics, perceptions of diabetes, and diabetes knowledge. Paired samples t test was computed to evaluate pretest-posttest changes in overall …