Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Role Of Curcumin On Apoptosis And Nlrp3 Inflammasome-Dependent Pyroptosis On Colorectal Cancer In Vitro, Zeynep Dal, Başak Aru

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Many factors such as stress, lifestyle, and dietary habits are known to play a role in the initiation and progression of the disease. Herbal therapeutic agents including curcumin can hold a great potential against cancer treatment; however, their efficacy on CRC is still under investigation. Herein, we evaluated the anticancer mechanism of curcumin on four different CRC cell lines. Materials and methods: Cells were treated with curcumin for 24, 48 and 72 h, and IC50 doses for each cell line were calculated. Mechanistic studies were conducted with the …

Variant Characterization Of A Representative Large Pedigree Suggests “Variant Risk Clusters” Convey Varying Predisposition Of Risk To Lynch Syndrome, Mouadh Barbirou, Amanda A. Miller, Amel Mezlini, Balkiss Bouhaouala-Zahar, Peter J. Tonellato

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Recently, worldwide incidences of young adult aggressive colorectal cancer (CRC) have rapidly increased. Of these incidences diagnosed as familial Lynch syndrome (LS) CRC, outcomes are extremely poor. In this study, we seek novel familial germline variants from a large pedigree Tunisian family with 12 LS-affected individuals to identify putative germline variants associated with varying risk of LS. Whole-genome sequencing analysis was performed to identify known and novel germline variants shared between affected and non-affected pedigree members. SNPs, indels, and structural variants (SVs) were computationally identified, and their oncological influence was predicted using the Genetic Association of Complex Diseases and Disorders, …

Serum Metabolomic Profiling For Colorectal Cancer Using Machine Learning, Ria Nur Puspa Sari, Diah Balqis Ikfi Hidayati, Arleni Bustami

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest diseases with a high prevalence worldwide and is characterized by the appearance of adenomatous polyps in the colon mucosa which are at high risk of developing into colorectal cancer. This study aims to use serum metabolites as promising non-invasive biomarkers for colorectal cancer detection and prognostication. Differences in serum metabolites in patients with adenomatous polyps, colorectal cancer, and healthy controls are considered to be able to support the prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: Metabolite dataset is taken from the Metabolomic Workbench. Analysis and validation are carried out in silico using machine learning …

Microbiome Diversity In African American, European American, And Egyptian Colorectal Cancer Patients, Amr Elkholy, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Mohammed Abdalla, Michael Behring, Prachi Bajpai, Hyung-Gyoon Kim, Doaa Header, Reham Ah. Abo Elwafa, Hesham Hesham Saed Hesham Saed, Mansoor Saleh

Pathology, East Africa

Purpose: Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors. Thus, we investigated microbiome dysbiosis in Egyptian, African American (AA), and European American (EA) CRC patients.

Patients and methods: CRCs and their corresponding normal tissues from Egyptian (n = 17) patients of the Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt, and tissues from AA (n = 18) and EA (n = 19) patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were collected. DNA was isolated from frozen tissues, and the microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA …

A Review Of Isomirs In Colorectal Cancer, Molly A. Lausten, Bruce M. Boman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

As advancements in sequencing technology rapidly continue to develop, a new classification of microRNAs has occurred with the discovery of isomiRs, which are relatively common microRNAs with sequence variations compared to their established template microRNAs. This review article seeks to compile all known information about isomiRs in colorectal cancer (CRC), which has not, to our knowledge, been gathered previously to any great extent. A brief overview is given of the history of microRNAs, their implications in colon cancer, the canonical pathway of biogenesis and isomiR classification. This is followed by a comprehensive review of the literature that is available on …

Microbiome Diversity In African American, European American, And Egyptian Colorectal Cancer Patients, Amr Elkholy, Nagavardhini Avuthu, Mohammed Abdalla, Michael Behring, Prachi Bajpai, Hyung-Gyoon Kim, Doaa Header, Reham Ah. Elwafa, Hesham Saed, Mansoor Saleh

Internal Medicine, East Africa

Purpose: Although there is an established role for microbiome dysbiosis in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC), CRC patients of various race/ethnicities demonstrate distinct clinical behaviors. Thus, we investigated microbiome dysbiosis in Egyptian, African American (AA), and European American (EA) CRC patients.

Patients and methods: CRCs and their corresponding normal tissues from Egyptian (n = 17) patients of the Alexandria University Hospital, Egypt, and tissues from AA (n = 18) and EA (n = 19) patients at the University of Alabama at Birmingham were collected. DNA was isolated from frozen tissues, and the microbiome composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA …

Dynamic Role Of Exosome Micrornas In Cancer Cell Signaling And Their Emerging Role As Noninvasive Biomarkers, Jaya Aseervatham

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from endosomes and are released by all cells irrespective of their origin or type. They play an important role in cell communication and can act in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. They are 40–150 nm in diameter and have a similar composition to the cell of origin. An exosome released by a particular cell is unique since it carries information about the state of the cell in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs carried by cancer-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role by taking part in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, …

Artificial Intelligence In Colonoscopy In A Community Setting, Kunaal Patel, Brett Vanleer-Greenberg

South Atlantic Division Research Day 2023

No abstract provided.

Matrix Gla Protein – A New Marker For Colorectal Cancer Detection? A Systematic Review, Mirela-Georgiana Perné, Lorena Ciumărnean, Olga-Hilda Orășan, Vasile Negrean, Teodora-Gabriela Alexescu, Mircea Vasile Milaciu, Ioana Roșca, Răzvan Dan Togănel, Gabriel Emil Petre, Lucia Procopcoiuc, Cristina Drugan, Alexandra Crăciun

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Background. Colorectal cancer is a real public health issue, with high morbidity and severe impact on quality of life. Although mortality from this type of cancer is decreasing due to modern diagnostic and treatment methods, the understanding of its genetic and molecular mechanisms is important to develop a broader range of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Genetic therapy is an important strategy in cancer treatment, and the matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene expression has been described in numerous studies as increased in tumour pathology. In this article, we have summarized the currently available evidence on the connection between MGP and colorectal …

Colon Cancer Screening And The Association With Colon Cancer Incidence And Mortality Rates In Ethnic Minority Groups, Jovonne Smith

Student Scholar Showcase

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be a public health burden and is the second leading cause of American cancer deaths. Strides have been made in the medical community, and there has been an overall decrease in CRC rates. This decrease is primarily due to a cumulative decline in late-onset colorectal cancer diagnosis (LOCRC), defined as CRC cancer in adults over the age of 50 years. CRC continues to burden American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIAN) and Non-Hispanic Black individuals (NHB) disproportionately. The incidence and mortality rates remain disproportionately higher than other ethnic groups, and the survival rate is lower than …

Colon Adenocarcinoma And Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome In A Young Patient: Case Report And Exploration Of Pathologic Implications, Grant W. Jirka, Daniel S. Lefler, Jessica Russo, Babar Bashir

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Birt–Hogg–Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN) that result in the functional loss of the tumor suppressor folliculin. It is classically associated with cutaneous hamartomas, pulmonary cysts with spontaneous pneumothorax, and various renal cancers. In this case, we present a patient initially diagnosed with chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and subsequently found to have colorectal cancer (CRC). The presence of two separate malignancies in a young patient with a strong family history of CRC (father and paternal grandfather) led to genetic testing, which revealed an FLCN c.1177–5_1177-3del mutation, and a diagnosis …

Social Determinants Of Health And Uptake Of Colorectal Cancer Screening In Canada, Seth F. Kadish

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening uptake may be associated with social determinants of health and could indicate potential barriers to health service access. The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the association of social determinants with CRC screening in screen-eligible adults. We used Andersen’s Behavioural Model of Health Service Utilization and the PROGRESS-Plus Framework to conceptualize potential social determinants. Our first study was a systematic review of peer-reviewed Canadian studies, and the second was a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA). The systematic review found lower uptake was associated with non-White ethno-racial identity, less …

African American And Caucasian Perceptions And Attitudes Toward Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Qualitative Study, Peter Warren, Stacie Pankow, Yvette Rother, Peggy Wagner

The Qualitative Report

This study examined the attitudes held by both African Americans and Caucasians regarding colorectal cancer screening and the reasons why they avoid screenings even when clinically indicated by their physicians. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and easily preventable types of cancer in the United States. If diagnosed and treated early prior to metastasis, the five-year colorectal cancer survival rate is approximately 90%. However, many patients avoid screening procedures for colorectal cancer due to a number of reasons. Qualitative data was gathered from focus groups and found four major themes that emerged in both groups: (1) reported …

Specific Targeting And Labeling Of Colonic Polyps In Cpc-Apc Mice With Mucin 5ac Fluorescent Antibodies: A Model For Detection Of Early Colon Cancer, Michael A. Turner, Kristin E. Cox, Shanglei Liu, Nicholas Neel, Siamak Amirfakhri, Hiroto Nishino, Mojgan Hosseini, Joshua A. Alcantara, Amer Ali Abd El-Hafeez, Thinzar M. Lwin, Kavita Mallya, Joseph R. Pisegna, Satish K. Singh, Pradipta Ghosh, Robert M. Hoffman, Surinder K. Batra, Michael Bouvet

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Poor visualization of polyps can limit colorectal cancer screening. Fluorescent antibodies to mucin5AC (MUC5AC), a glycoprotein upregulated in adenomas and colorectal cancer, could improve screening colonoscopy polyp detection rate. Adenomatous polyposis coli flox mice with a Cdx2-Cre transgene (CPC-APC) develop colonic polyps that contain both dysplastic and malignant tissue. Mice received MUC5AC-IR800 or IRdye800 as a control IV and were sacrificed after 48 h for near-infrared imaging of their colons. A polyp-to-background ratio (PBR) was calculated for each polyp by dividing the mean fluorescence intensity of the polyp by the mean fluorescence intensity of the background tissue. The mean 25 …

The Mucin Family Of Proteins: Candidates As Potential Biomarkers For Colon Cancer, Kristin E. Cox, Shanglei Liu, Thinzar M. Lwin, Robert M. Hoffman, Surinder K. Batra, Michael Bouvet

Journal Articles: Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Mucins (MUC1-MUC24) are a family of glycoproteins involved in cell signaling and barrier protection. They have been implicated in the progression of numerous malignancies including gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, breast, and lung cancer. Mucins have also been extensively studied with respect to colorectal cancer. They have been found to have diverse expression profiles amongst the normal colon, benign hyperplastic polyps, pre-malignant polyps, and colon cancers. Those expressed in the normal colon include MUC2, MUC3, MUC4, MUC11, MUC12, MUC13, MUC15 (at low levels), and MUC21. Whereas MUC5, MUC6, MUC16, and MUC20 are absent from the normal colon and are expressed in colorectal …

Colorectal Cancer Screening Behaviors Among Smoking And Non-Smoking Public Housing Residents In Georgia, Shakirah Clarke

Georgia Public Health Association Annual Meeting and Conference

Background: Tobacco use doubles the risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Early detection screening for CRC should begin at 50y of age and be repeated at least every 10y. African Americans have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer when compared to Georgia and national rates.

Methods: Anonymous surveys were given to public housing residents (majority AA, low-income, n=155) at five sites from the Augusta Housing Authority, with questions about smoking status and when their last colonoscopy was performed. Results from residents 50 years and older (n=91) were selected. Descriptive analysis and a chi-square test of independence was performed to examine …

Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In The Psychiatric Inpatient Unit, Diane R. Ventura

Master's Projects and Capstones

Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates in the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit

Abstract

Problem: Colorectal cancer is one of the leading cancer deaths in the United States. The Psychiatric Inpatient Unit has a colorectal cancer screening compliance rate of 40% compared to the statewide average of 80%.

Context: The Psychiatric Inpatient Unit is a 58-bed inpatient intermediate care facility mental health program in Northern California. Upon review of the EMR, most PIU nurses give verbal instructions and patient education on colorectal cancer screenings when due. Still, no printed handout was provided to the patients upon review of the EMR.

Intervention: Review of …

Biomarkers In The Development Of Individualized Treatment Regimens For Colorectal Cancer, Madison Crutcher, Scott A Waldman

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common and second most deadly malignancy in the world with an estimated 1. 9 million cases and 0.9 million deaths in 2020. The 5-year overall survival for stage I disease is 92% compared to a dismal 11% in stage IV disease. At initial presentation, up to 35% of patients have metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), and 20-50% of stage II and III patients eventually progress to mCRC. These statistics imply both that there is a proportion of early stage patients who are not receiving adequate treatment and that we are not adequately treating …

Antiproliferative Effects Of Some Medicinal Plants On Colorectal Cancer: A Mini Review, Jamilah Borjac

BAU Journal - Health and Wellbeing

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the highly prevalent and deadly cancers worldwide. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the conventional treatment modalities for CRC; however, they cause adverse side effects and can be associated with cancer resistance and relapse. Currently, traditional herbal medicine is becoming increasingly studied and used in combination with conventional treatments in CRC. Various medicinal plants have shown promising anticancer effects against CRC concomitant with negligible side effects. For example, Annona muricata (soursop), Chenopodium quinoa (quinoa), Matricaria chamomilla (chamomile), and Moringa oleifera (moringa) have shown remarkable antiproliferative effects against CRC both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, …

Guanylyl Cyclase C As A Diagnostic And Therapeutic Target In Colorectal Cancer, Adi Caspi, Ariana A. Entezari, Madison Crutcher, Adam E. Snook, Scott A. Waldman

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

Colorectal cancer remains a major cause of mortality in the USA, despite advances in prevention and screening. Existing therapies focus primarily on generic treatment such as surgical intervention and chemotherapy, depending on disease severity. As personalized medicine and targeted molecular oncology continue to develop as promising treatment avenues, there has emerged a need for effective targets and biomarkers of colorectal cancer. The transmembrane receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C) regulates intestinal homeostasis and has emerged as a tumor suppressor. Further, it is universally expressed in advanced metastatic colorectal tumors, as well as other cancer types that arise through intestinal metaplasia. In …

Comparing The Evidence From Observational Studies And Randomized Controlled Trials For Nonskeletal Health Effects Of Vitamin D, William B. Grant, Barbara J. Boucher, Fatme Al Anouti, Stefan Pilz

All Works

Although observational studies of health outcomes generally suggest beneficial effects with, or following, higher serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have generally not supported those findings. Here we review results from observational studies and RCTs regarding how vitamin D status affects several nonskeletal health outcomes, including Alzheimer's disease and dementia, autoimmune diseases, cancers, cardiovascular disease, COVID-19, major depressive disorder, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, all-cause mortality, respiratory tract infections, and pregnancy outcomes. We also consider relevant findings from ecological, Mendelian randomization, and mechanistic studies. Although clear discrepancies exist between findings of observational studies and RCTs on vitamin …

Assessment Of A Size-Based Method For Enriching Circulating Tumour Cells In Colorectal Cancer, Sai Shyam Vasantharajan, Edward Barnett, Elin S. Gray, John L. Mccall, Euan J. Rodger, Michael R. Eccles, Fran Munro, Sharon Pattison, Aniruddha Chatterjee

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Circulating tumour cells (CTC) from solid tumours are a prerequisite for metastasis. Isolating CTCs and understanding their biology is essential for developing new clinical tests and precision oncology. Currently, CellSearch is the only FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration)-approved method for CTC enrichment but possesses several drawbacks owing to a reliance on the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and a resource-intensive nature. Addressing these shortcomings, we optimised an existing size-based method, MetaCell, to enrich CTCs from blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We evaluated the ability of MetaCell to enrich CTCs by spiking blood with CRC cell lines and assessing …

Applying Mci-062, A Novel Pan-Ras Inhibitor, To Treat Kras-Mutant Lung Cancer., Richard Fu

Poster Presentations

Honors thesis poster presentation.

RAS, one of the most prevalent oncogenes, is mutated in 27% of human cancers. Gainof- function RAS mutations activate multiple downstream pathways, including the RASRAF- MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, which are critical in tumorigenesis and cancer cell proliferation. The RAS proteins KRAS, HRAS, and NRAS along with their downstream effectors are attractive targets for cancer therapy since they act as frequent drivers in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. However, RAS proteins have relatively smooth surfaces that lack traditional binding pockets, making inhibitors specific to RAS difficult to create. Recently, a novel small molecule pan-RAS inhibitor named …

Colorectal Cancer Screening In The Latino Population At A Family Medicine Clinic: A Quality Improvement Project, Michael S. Vinson

The Eleanor Mann School of Nursing Student Works

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a preventable and curable disease that affects all genders, races, and ethnicities, and its impact on society can be reduced with early screening. The Latino population is at greater risk compared to groups or ethnicities due to social determinants and health disparities within the community. Review of Literature: Language barriers, low education levels, persistent social stressors, poor healthcare navigation, and structural barriers make it difficult for this population to be properly screened at appropriate intervals. Purpose: This quality improvement (QI) project was designed to combat reduced screening rates seen in the Latino population. The target …

Applying Mci-062, A Novel Pan-Ras Inhibitor, To Treat Kras-Mutant Lung Cancer, Richard Fu

Undergraduate Theses

RAS is a prevalent oncogene that is mutated in 27% of human cancers. Gain-of-function RAS mutations activate multiple downstream pathways, including the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, which are critical in tumorigenesis and cancer cell proliferation. RAS proteins such as KRAS, a member of the RAS protein family, and their downstream effectors are attractive targets for cancer therapy since their mutations act as frequent drivers in lung, colorectal, and pancreatic cancers. However, RAS proteins have relatively smooth surfaces that lack traditional binding pockets, making inhibitors specific to RAS difficult to create. Recently, a novel small molecule pan-RAS inhibitor named MCI-062 was …

The Effects Of Metronomic And Maximum-Tolerated Dose Chemotherapy In Colorectal Cancer Angiogenesis: A Combined Approach Using Endoscopic Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy And Mrna Expression, Ariel Isaac Mundo Ortiz

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the most incident and deadliest types of cancer worldwide. Chemotherapy has proven effective to reduce tumor burden for CRC patients, but there are several disadvantages associated with the use of mainstay maximtolerated dose (MTD) chemotherapeutic strategies. Metronomic chemotherapy (MET) has been developed as an alternative that addresses the shortcomings of maximum-tolerated dose chemotherapy but so far its effectiveness as a neoadjuvant strategy for CRC has not been explored.

This dissertation uses a combined optics and molecular biology approach (using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and mRNA expression) to study the changes in angiogenesis and …

Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Adherence: A Scoping Review, Megan E. Billingsley Bsn, Rn, Tiameria T. Ford Bsn, Rn, Mikayla E. Vican Bsn, Rn, Diana Dedmon Dnp, Aprn, Fnp-Bc

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Purpose/Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Rates have steadily increased in recent years due to high rates of obesity, smoking, and sedentary lifestyles. Screening for the disease can lead to early detection and reduced morbidity/mortality, yet screening rates remain low. Existing literature is extensive in discussing methods to increase CRCS adherence; therefore, a scoping review allows for increased understanding of barriers to CRCS and how to address those barriers to increase screening compliance.

Methods A literature search was completed from September 2020 to October 2021. Multiple databases were used, including …

Diet And Food Chemicals Increasing The Risk Of Colorectal Cancer – Literature Review, Mihail Silviu Tudosie, Andreea Pauna, Cristian Stefani, Iulia Madalina Staicu

Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences

Colorectal cancer is a common form of cancer nowadays. There are many risk factors in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. The malignant proliferation is caused by one or more genetic mutations, which activate oncogenes and deactivate tumor suppressor genes. Some factors cannot be changed, such as a person's age or family history. An essential aspect in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is the choice of lifestyles, such as a high-fat diet, smoking, and excess alcohol. Carcinogens can be either natural or chemical. The mechanisms by which carcinogens initiate tumor formation are genetic or non-genotoxic. The most common form of colorectal …

P118. Colonic Stent Presenting With Stent Impaction And Erosion Through The Colonic Wall, Benjamin Randall Hart, Jon Hain

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Background: Colonic stenting has been shown to be effective as a palliative measure in colorectal cancer when

patients present with obstructing symptoms. However, its efficacy when used for complications of colonic anastomoses are less well-studied. We present a case report of an elderly gentleman with a colonic stent placed for anastomotic stricture, which led to stent migration stent impaction with erosion in the sigmoid colon.

A 92-year-old gentleman presented to the ED with several days worth of nausea and vomiting. He had recently undergone a partial colectomy with an ileocolonic anastomosis approximately one year prior and then had a covered …

Targeting Gastrointestinal Cancers With Chimeric Antigen Receptor (Car)-T Cell Therapy, Ross E Staudt, Robert D Carlson, Adam E. Snook

Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Faculty Papers

The immune system is capable of remarkably potent and specific efficacy against infectious diseases. For decades, investigators sought to leverage those characteristics to create immune-based therapies (immunotherapy) that might be far more effective and less toxic than conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer. Those studies revealed many factors and mechanisms underlying the success or failure of cancer immunotherapy, leading to synthetic biology approaches, including CAR-T cell therapy. In this approach, patient T cells are genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that converts T cells of any specificity into tumor-specific T cells that can be expanded to …