Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Identifying Disparities In Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In Milwaukee-Based Academic And Nonacademic Clinics, Jasmine Wiley, Jonathan J. Blaza, Will Lehmann, Deborah Simpson, Jeffrey A. Stearns, Shelby L. Pischke, Tracy L. Greiten

Aurora Family Medicine Residents

Background: The Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim focuses on improving the patient’s experience of care, improving population health and reducing the per capita cost of health care. Health care systems and providers continuously seek to improve quality of care through understanding what percentage of their patients are achieving quality-of-care standards for various indicators, including immunizations, tobacco cessation, asthma and cancer screening. As health care moves toward reimbursing for value-based care, deepening our understanding of patient population characteristics within each of these conditions is vital to continuous quality improvement.

Purpose: To determine if there are race/ethnicity/age/preferred language (REAL) disparities in …

The Role Of Streptococcus Gallolyticus Subspecies Gallolyticus In Colon Cancer Development, Jennifer L. Herold

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in men and women and is also the third most common cause of cancer death. A large body of evidence points towards the possibility that bacteria can have a significant impact on the development of cancer. It has been suggested that Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus, a group D streptococci, may play a role in the development of CRC. Sg, formerly S. bovis biotype I, has been shown to be highly associated with CRC. In observing patients with either Sg bacteremia or endocarditis it was found that 25-80% of …

Identifying Disparities In Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In Milwaukee-Based Academic And Nonacademic Clinics, Jasmine Wiley, Jonathan J. Blaza, Will Lehmann, Deborah Simpson, Jeffrey A. Stearns, Shelby L. Pischke, Tracy L. Greiten

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Background: The Institute for Healthcare Improvement’s Triple Aim focuses on improving the patient’s experience of care, improving population health and reducing the per capita cost of health care. Health care systems and providers continuously seek to improve quality of care through understanding what percentage of their patients are achieving quality-of-care standards for various indicators, including immunizations, tobacco cessation, asthma and cancer screening. As health care moves toward reimbursing for value-based care, deepening our understanding of patient population characteristics within each of these conditions is vital to continuous quality improvement.

Purpose: To determine if there are race/ethnicity/age/preferred language (REAL) disparities in …

Total Diet Approach To Cancer Prevention: A Narrative Review Of The Literature Since 2011 Concerning The Association Of Colorectal Cancer And Meat Consumption, Krista E. King, Patricia M. Sheean

Nursing: School of Nursing Faculty Publications and Other Works

Diet serves as a primary prevention approach to reduce the global burden of cancer. In 2007, the World Cancer Research Fund and the American Institute for Cancer Research published the Second Expert Report (SER) Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective outlining lifestyle recommendations for primary cancer prevention. Results support a strong link between red and processed meat and colorectal carcinogenesis. Findings from the Colorectal Cancer 2011 Report: Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer, a review conducted through the WCRF Continuous Update Project (CUP), strengthened the evidence and supported the …

Colorectal Cancer On The Decline, Albert B. Lowenfels, Patrick Maisonneuve, Ravinder Mamtani

NYMC Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Use In Older Patient With Breast And Colorectal Cancer, Meghan S. Karuturi

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Our objective was to determine predictors of potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use and its impact on outcomes (including ER visits, hospitalization, all cause death, and composite of three) in breast and colorectal cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. We used data from the SEER database linked to Medicare claims. Our cohort included patients ≥ 66 years diagnosed with of Stage II/III breast or colorectal cancer between 7/1/2007-12/31/2009. Baseline PIM was defined using the Drugs to Avoid in the Elderly list (DAE) or Beers criteria. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to determine the associations of baseline PIMs with different covariates. Event-free …

Epigenetic Modulation In Braf Mutated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, Van Morris

Dissertations & Theses (Open Access)

Introduction: BRAF V600E mutations are associated with poor clinical outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Unlike other tumors with the same mutation, BRAF inhibitors are ineffective as monotherapy. CRC tumors with BRAF V600E mutations are associated with global hypermethylation, which may turn off tumor suppressor gene expression. We studied demethylation in BRAF V600E mCRC to restore sensitivity to BRAF inhibitors.

Methods: Tumor databanks were investigated for genes differentially expressed according to BRAF mutation status to identify genes which may be particularly susceptible to epigenetic influence. Mouse xenograft models of BRAFV600E mCRC were treated with vemurafenib or azacitidine, alone …

One-Carbon Metabolism Related B-Vitamins Alter The Expression Of Micrornas And Target Genes Within The Wnt Signaling Pathway In Mouse Colonic Epithelium, Riccardo Racicot

Masters Theses

ABSTRACT

It has been widely recognized that microRNAs are involved in nearly all cellular processes that have been investigated and contribute to a variety of diseases including cancer. Our prior studies demonstrated the depletion of one-carbon metabolism related B-vitamins, including folate, vitamin B2, B6 and B12, induced a genomic DNA hypomethylation and an elevation of the tumorigenic Wnt signaling in mouse colonic epithelium. The present study aimed to define whether microRNAs serve as mediators between these B-vitamins and the Wnt signaling, and thereby influence intestinal tumorigenesis. MicroRNA expression profiles were measured using miRNA microarray and real-time PCR on colonic epithelial …

Bh3 Mimetic Abt-737 Sensitizes Colorectal Cancer Cells To Ixazomib Through Mcl-1 Downregulation And Autophagy Inhibition., Lifeng Yang, Juefeng Wan, Sheng Xiao, Darryll Barkhouse, Ji Zhu, Guichao Li, Bo Lu, Zhen Zhang

Department of Radiation Oncology Faculty Papers

The proteasome inhibitor MLN9708 is an orally administered drug that is hydrolyzed into its active form, MLN2238 (ixazomib). Compared with Bortezomib, MLN2238 has a shorter proteasome dissociation half-life and a lower incidence and severity of peripheral neuropathy, which makes it an attractive candidate for colorectal cancer treatment. In the present study, we observed that MLN2238 induced autophagy, as evidenced by conversion of the autophagosomal marker LC3 from LC3I to LC3II, in colorectal cancer cell lines. Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein, was markedly elevated after treating a colorectal cancer cell line with MLN2238. We proved that inhibiting Mcl-1 expression enhances …

The Influence Of Mir-99a On Mtor Signaling Regulation In Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines., Jonathan Rice

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and the fourth most common cause of death. These are staggering statistics for a disease that can essentially be cured if caught early and the pathology is favorable to therapeutic intervention. There is currently a drastic decrease in five year survival as the cancer stage increases from locally confined disease to metastatic disease. These statistics suggest that although some strides have been made with colon cancer screening and early intervention, there is still much room for improvement in both screening and treatment of CRC. One of the pathways that have …

Effects Of Serum Levels Of Vitamin A And Precursors On Colorectal Cancer Mortlaity, Chimuanya Okoli

GS4 Georgia Southern Student Scholars Symposium

Objective: To examine the relationship between serum levels of Vitamin A and precursors on Colorectal cancer mortality. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 14,358 adults who participated in NHANES III. Data was collected via in home interviews and visits by participants to a mobile examination centre for blood sample collection. Characteristics such as family income, educational attainment, marital status, race and ethnicity, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, self reported health, type of resident, body size, cancer status at base line, vegetable consumption and fruit juice consumption were examined. Hazard ratio estimates for all-cause and cancer-related deaths among individuals with …

An Examination Of Early Colorectal Cancer Screening Guidelines For African Americans: Hints From The Hints Data, Torhonda C. Lee, Arlesia L. Mathis, Matthew T. Dutton

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Despite the overall gains in reducing colorectal cancer (CRC) deaths due to the increase in screening, minority racial/ethnic groups who have disparately higher rates of death compared to Whites, also have disproportionately lower screening rates. Patient-provider communication about screening has a strong influence on the uptake of screening. In much the same way that gradual impact was made after the 1996 implementation of guidelines recommending screening starting at age 50 for those at average risk, it may be expected that the American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) guidelines suggesting screening start at 45 for Blacks combined with a recent …

Colorectal Cancer Prevention: Perspectives Of Key Players From Social Networks In A Low-Income Rural Us Region, Nancy E. Schoenberg, Kathryn Eddens, Adam Jonas, Claire Snell-Rood, Christina R. Studts, Benjamin Broder-Oldach, Mira L. Katz

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Social networks influence health behavior and health status. Within social networks, “key players” often influence those around them, particularly in traditionally underserved areas like the Appalachian region in the USA. From a total sample of 787 Appalachian residents, we identified and interviewed 10 key players in complex networks, asking them what comprises a key player, their role in their network and community, and ideas to overcome and increase colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Key players emphasized their communication skills, resourcefulness, and special occupational and educational status in the community. Barriers to CRC screening included negative perceptions of the colonoscopy screening procedure, …

Novel Cellular Targets Of Aspirin In Chemoprevention Studies On P53, G6pd And C-Myc, Guoqiang Ai

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background

Aspirin has generated a significant interest in recent years as a potential chemopreventive agent supported by strong evidence from epidemiological data; however, the mechanisms are not well understood. The objective of this dissertation is to identify novel cyclooxygenase (COX)-independent pathways by which aspirin exerts its anticancer effects in epithelial cancer cell lines. We investigated the effect of aspirin on p53, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and c-Myc, all of which are known to play a major role in cancer development. p53 is a tumor suppressor protein, often mutated in cancers causing its inactivation. Expression of G6PD is elevated in many …

Lynch Syndrome, Lydia Redick

Nursing Student Class Projects (Formerly MSN)

Poster project on Lynch Syndrome.

Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Screening For Breast And Colorectal Cancer In The United States, 2008 To 2012, Xue Feng, Xi Tan, Ebtihag Alenzi, Pragya Rai, Jongwha Chang

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Cancer screening tests are important tools to combat cancer-related morbidity and mortality. There is limited up-to-date research on spatial and temporal variations of colorectal and breast cancer screening in the United States.

County-level data of cancer screening adherence rates were generated from 2008 to 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. We performed the univariate local indicators for spatial analyses (LISA) for the geographic differences of screening adherence rate and the differential LISA for the change of screening adherence rate from 2008 to 2012.

In the univariate LISA, low-to-low clusters were consistently identified in counties of New Mexico, Wyoming, and Mississippi …

Increasing Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates In Shelby County, Tennessee Through The Implementation Of Flu-Fit In Community Clinics And Pharmacies, Samantha Wang

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

The Shelby County Health Department (SCHD) proposes implementing of Flu-FIT in community clinics and pharmacies to increase colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) rates in Shelby County, Tennessee. Flu-FIT is an evidenced-based program that involves health care providers offering patients between 50 and 75 years of age the fecal-immunochemical test at the time the patients receive their annual influenza vaccine along with counseling on colorectal cancer and reminder phone calls. Flu-FIT aligns with the mission of SCHD to “promote, protect, and improve the health and environment of all Shelby County residents.” The project’s short term outcomes include increasing CRCS rates in patients …

Screening Of Exosomal Micrornas From Colorectal Cancer Cells, Cillian Clancy, Sonja Khan, Claire L. Glynn, Emma Holian, Peter Dockery, Pierce Lalor, James A.L. Brown, Myles Joyce, Michael J. Kerin, Roisin M. Dwyer

Forensic Science Publications

BACKGROUND: Cells release extracellular membrane vesicles including microvesicles known as exosomes. Exosomes contain microRNAs (miRNAs) however the full range within colorectal cancer cell secreted exosomes is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To identify the full range of exosome encapsulated miRNAs secreted from 2 colorectal cancer cell lines and to investigate engineering of exosomes over-expressing miRNAs. METHODS: Exosomes were isolated from HCT-116 and HT-29 cell lines. RNA was extracted from exosomes and microRNA array performed. Cells were engineered to express miR-379 (HCT-116-379) or a non-targeting control (HCT-116-NTC) and functional effects were determined. Exosomes secreted by engineered cells were transferred to recipient cells and the …

Sporadic Early Onset Colorectal Cancer In Pakistan: A Case- Control Analysis Of Microsatellite Instability, Sabeehuddin Siddique, Kanwal Tariq, Sobia Rafiq, Ahmed Raheem, Rashida Ahmed, Munira Shabbir-Moosajee, Kulsoom Ghias

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Background: Early onset sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) is a biologically and clinically distinct entity hypothesized to exhibit differences in histological features and microsatellite instability (MSI) as compared to typical onset CRC. This study compared the MSI status, mismatch repair enzyme deficiency and clinicopathological features of early onset (aged ≤45 years) with controls (>45 years).
Materials and Methods: A total of 30 cases and 30 controls were analyzed for MSI status using the Bethesda marker panel. Using antibodies against hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6, mismatch repair protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Molecular characteristics were correlated with clinicopathological features.
Results: …