Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Phytochemicals And Health, Heather Rebecca Stone

Undergraduate Honors Capstone Projects

Objectives: Define phytochemicals as currently recognized in the United States and discuss food sources. Identify aims and challenges of current research. Review touted health effects of phytochemicals in cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD), immune function, and other benefits. Present dietary recommendations. Methods: A literature search was conducted through Medline to find peer-reviewed journal articles from the past five years. Articles were found that identified the compounds and highlighted recent research relating phytochemicals to disease. The review of literature focused on an introductory understanding of phytochemicals. Results: Studies show that phytochemicals are undefined under current U.S. food regulations. They are biologically …

Contrasting Treatments Of Recall Bias In Two Epidemiological Settings, Daniel Barry

RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)

The author contrasts the treatment of recall bias in the literature on induced abortions and breast cancer, and on environmental tobacco smoke and lung cancer.

Flow Cytometric Analysis Of Childhood Leukemias, R. Z. Yusuf, Shahid Pervez, S. A. Aziz, Mohammad Khurshid

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Objective: To collect demographic data for childhood (less than 15 years) leukemias in Karachi, describe the accuracy of the cell surface markers routinely used in the flow cytometric analysis of leukemic cells and arrive at an ideal panel of antibodies for analyzing leukemic samiples.

Materials and Methods: Data from 62 consecutive cases of childhood leukemias referred to the Department of Pathology, Aga Khan University Hospital. (AKUH) between January 1995 and December 1998 was analyzed using Epi Info Version 6. Flow cytometry on all samples was performed using standard protocols.

Results: The mean age of patients was 8.2 years and 49 …

2000 Cancer Care Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

A Mathematical Tumor Model With Immune Resistance And Drug Therapy: An Optimal Control Approach, Lisette G. De Pillis, Ami E. Radunskaya

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

We present a competition model of cancer tumor growth that includes both the immune system response and drug therapy. This is a four-population model that includes tumor cells, host cells, immune cells, and drug interaction. We analyze the stability of the drug-free equilibria with respect to the immune response in order to look for target basins of attraction. One of our goals was to simulate qualitatively the asynchronous tumor-drug interaction known as “Jeffs phenomenon.” The model we develop is successful in generating this asynchronous response behavior. Our other goal was to identify treatment protocols that could improve standard pulsed chemotherapy …

Nasa Light Emitting Diode Medical Applications From Deep Space To Deep Sea, Harry T. Whelan, Ellen V. Buchmann, Noel T. Whelan, Scott G. Turner, Vita Cevenini, Helen Stinson, Ron Ignatius, Todd Martin, Joan Cwiklinski, Glenn A. Meyer, Brian D. Hodgson, Lisa J. Gould, Mary P. Kane, Gina Chen, James Caviness

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

This work is supported and managed through the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center-SBIR Program. LED-technology developed for NASA plant growth experiments in space shows promise for delivering light deep into tissues of the body to promote wound healing and human tissue growth. We present the results of LED-treatment of cells grown in culture and the effects of LEDs on patients’ chronic and acute wounds. LED-technology is also biologically optimal for photodynamic therapy of cancer and we discuss our successes using LEDs in conjunction with light-activated chemotherapeutic drugs.

Analysis Of 200 Food Items For Benzo[A]Pyrene And Estimation Of Its Intake Ίη An Epidemiologic Study, Ν. Kazerouni, R. Sinha, Che-Han Hsu, Α. Greenberg, Ν. Rothman

United States Public Health Resources

Animal stιιdies have shown that dietary intake of benzo[α]pyrene (BaP), a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (ΡΑΗ), causes increased levels of tumors at several sites, particιιlarly ίη the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, the role of dietary intake of BaP and cancer ίη humans is not clear. We CIeated a BaP database of selected food products that could be lίnl(ed to Food Frequency Qnestionnaires (FFQs) to estimate BaP intake. BaP levels were measnred for each food line-item (composite samples) which consisted of a variety of foods ίη a FFQ. Composite sample parts were derived from the Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey …

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Disease Spectrum And Management In A Tertiary Care Hospital, M R. Khan, S B. Hasan, S A. Sami

Department of Surgery Docs

Objectives: To review the spectrum of presentation and the surgical management of Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and the role of various diagnostic modalities in predicting the post-operative stage and the correlation of the post-operative stage with the chances of recurrence.SETTINGS: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi--a tertiary care referral center in Paksitan.Methods: This is a retrospective study of medical records of all the patients who were managed at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) between 1988 and 1998. The patients with a diagnosis of lung cancer were identified using the ICD-9-CM coding system and the data was analyzed …

Laboratory Medicine Aspects In Oncology, V. Wiwanitkit, J. Sutheesophon

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

Attitudes, Practices And Knowledge Regarding Cervical Cancer Screening Among Greek Women In The Area Of Perth, Panagiota Karnaki

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this thesis is to study the attitudes, practices and knowledge of Greek women in Perth, Western Australia, regarding cervical cancer screening. This is important because no study has yet examined the cervical screening pattern of this group, despite their low participation rate in screening programs. Qualitative semi-structured interviews among 15 Greek women in Perth were used for data collection. Interviews were conducted both in English and Greek. Eight out of the 15 women interviewed did not participate in frequent screening and many had had only one Pap test in their life. Culture and religion influenced negative attitudes …

Patient And Care Giver Perceptions Of Cancer Pain Control, Patricia Rushton, Sherry Brown

Faculty Publications

PURPOSE: This study measured the perceptions of Utah cancer patients and cargivers concerning knowledge about and adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. METHODS: A descriptive survey was used. Questionnaires were sent to cancer patients and caregivers surveying their knowledge about and perceptions of the adequacy of pharmacologic cancer pain control. RESULTS: The study had a 52% response rate (259 of 500). Eighty five percent (219 of 259) of the respondents stated they had no cancer pain. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Cancer literature indicated that much cancer pain is not effectively controlled. The majority of the respondents of this study reported no pain. …

Identification Of Needs In Treatment Of Breast Cancer, Luann Massey

MSN Research Projects

Breast cancer has been documented as the second leading cause of death in American women. Many needs are realized during the phases of treatment for breast cancer: at the time of diagnosis, during treatment, and after treatment. The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to identify the needs of women with breast cancer during phases of treatment. With the Neuman Systems Model as a theoretical framework, the research question was as follows : What are the needs of women with breast cancer during the phases of treatment? Data were obtained using the Massey Subject Profile and the Massey Questionnaire. …

Research To Practice: Working It Out: Workplace Experiences Of Individuals With Hiv And Individuals With Cancer, Sheila Fesko

Research to Practice Series, Institute for Community Inclusion

This brief describes the experiences of individuals with these illnesses, underlines similarities and differences between the two groups, and provides strategies for disclosure, support, and personal advocacy in the workplace.

Uwomj Volume 69, No 2, Spring 1999, Western University

University of Western Ontario Medical Journal

An interdisciplinary medical science publication; established 1930.

Native Outreach: A Report To American Indian, Alaska Native And Native Hawaiian Communities, C.S. Glover, F.S. Hodge

Native Health Database Full Text

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) is presenting a monograph written specifically for community leaders, health professionals and lay health workers serving Native American communities. Native Americans have higher mortality rates than the general U.S. population for several major cancer sites. This publication focuses on the need to reduce those rates through effective interventions at the grassroots level.

Alaska Native Cancer Survival Report, A.P. Lanier, P. Holck, J. Kelly, B. Smith, T. Mcevoy

Native Health Database Full Text

This report presents Alaska Native cancer survival rates and stage of disease at diagnosis. Data on survival and stage at diagnosis are given for all cancers combined, and for select primary cancer sites (the organ in which the cancer first began). Survival rates are given for only those cancers for which there were enough patients to calculate reliable estimates. The focus is on five-year relative survival rates because these rates are most commonly used in the cancer literature and most appropriate for comparisons between populations.

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (Cgh) Incancer Research, İbrahi̇m Keser

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Cancer is a multifactorial and multistep process. Conventional cytogenetics has become a major working field in cancer research. Chromosome rearrangements are recognized as critical in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Molecular biology and molecular cytogenetics technology have increased our ability to identify genetic alterations in cancer cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), oligonucleotide-primed in situ DNA synthesis (PRINS) are the most common molecular cytogenetic procedures in cancer research but they have limits with precise localization in their principles in cancer researching. However, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) is a powerful molecular cytogenetic technique which allows the analysis …

The Molecular Basis Of Cancer, Frank Gorga

Bridgewater Review

After cardiovascular diseases, cancer is the second leading cause of death in America. Since 1990 over half a million Americans have died each year of some form of cance1; and the number and rate is still increasing. In 1970 approximately 17 percent of all deaths were attributed to cancer, while by 1995 the figure had risen to 24 percent. In her chilling book on the meaning of illness in America, Illness as Metaphor, Susan Sontag described cancer as the sickness of the American 20th century. Learning about cancer has become more than a useful chore for those who suffer from …

Ms211: Registry Screens 02no98, Armin Weinberg

Works on Radiation Effects: 1990-2020

Content and screen shots of development of cancer registrty. See more at Armin Weinberg, PhD Papers and its finding aid.

Reaction-Diffusion Models Of Cancer Dispersion, Kim Yvette Ward

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

The phenomenological modeling of the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of one-dimensional models of cancer dispersion are studied. The models discussed pertain primarily to the transition of a tumor from an initial neoplasm to the dormant avascular state, i.e. just prior to the vascular state, whenever that may occur. Initiating the study is the mathematical analysis of a reaction-diffusion model describing the interaction between cancer cells, normal cells and growth inhibitor. The model leads to several predictions, some of which are supported by experimental data and clinical observations $\lbrack25\rbrack$. We will examine the effects of additional terms on these characteristics. …

Predicting The Severity Of Radiation Skin Reactions In Women With Breast Cancer, Davina Porock

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Skin reactions are unavoidable side effects of radiotherapy for breast cancer that may limit the amount of treatment a patient is able to receive. As well, the discomfort associated with the treatment may negatively affect the patient's quality of life and their willingness to complete a course of treatment that typically extends over seven weeks. Prior literature suggests that variations in patients' tissue reactions to radiation may be related to Individual patient characteristics. Before health care providers can intervene to prevent or minimise skin reactions, a clinical model that helps predict which patients will experience more skin reactions is needed. …

Alterations In Calcium Homeostasis And The Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway Induced By Carcinogenic Polycyclic And Halogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Human Mammary Epithelial Cells, Stacey L. Tannheimer

Pharmaceutical Sciences ETDs

Breast cancer is a major health concern for women, with only a small percent of the risk factors currently identified. It has been estimated that environmental factors may contribute to up to 80% of breast cancer cases. Many environmental carcinogens, such as polycyclic and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs and HAHs), are proven mammary carcinogens in animal models. Therefore, these studies were conducted to elucidate potential roles of PAHs and HAHs in alterations in known signaling pathways in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Carcinogenic PAHs have previously been shown to produce sustained alterations in the calcium (Ca2') homeostasis of lymphocytes Therefore, …

Autopsy In The Cancer Patient: The Nurse's Role, Patricia Rushton

Faculty Publications

Nurses spend many hours with dying cancer patients, developing close relationships with both the patients and their families. However, nurses are frequently not involved in the process of requesting an autopsy, either by choice or tradition. During this time of great stress, the nurse can be more involved. The nurse who understands the reasons for autopsy and its ramification for the grieving process can be actively involved in supporting the physician who makes the request and the family members who must make the this difficult decision. It is possible that the nurse can be the health team member designated to …

Coping Mechanisms Utilized By Women Survivors Of Breast Cancer, Elizabeth Polk Thomas

MSN Research Projects

The suspected and confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer evokes feelings of fear, anxiety, guilt, frustration, and vulnerability in an individual. A woman diagnosed with breast cancer may utilize a variety of coping mechanisms. This descriptive study sought to identify the most common and most effective coping mechanisms utilized by women survivors of breast cancer answering the following research question: Which coping mechanisms are most effective and most frequently utilized by women survivors of breast cancer? This study used the theory of Lazarus and Folkman (1984) as a framework for understanding coping. The final sample (N = 20) consisted of women …

The Cellular And Molecular Dynamics Of The Queuosine Modification In Transfer Rna: Definition, Modulation, Deficiencies And Effect Of The Queuosine Modification System, Rana C. Morris

Theses and Dissertations in Biomedical Sciences

The presence of the queuosine modification in the wobble position of tRNA^asn, tRN^asp, tRNA^his, and tRNA^tyr is associated with a decrease in cellular growth rate, an increase in the ability to withstand environmental stress, and differentiation of pleuripotent cells into mature phenotypes. The loss of this normal modification is strongly correlated with neoplastic transformation and tumor progression of a wide variety of cancers.

The "normal" system for formation of the queuosine modification in tRNA was studied in human fibroblast cell cultures and in mouse, rat and human liver tissues. The queuosine modification system …

What Is The Intimate Experience Of Couples Following The Woman's Cancer-Related Breast Surgery?, Lynne Amor

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to describe and interpret the experience of couples following the woman's surgery for breast cancer, in order to gain an in depth understanding of how this mutilating surgery affects their everyday lives. Breast cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer in Australian women, and in most industrialised nations. Women in Australia have a one in fourteen lifetime risk of developing the disease. Little is known concerning what meanings this surgery brings to the intimacy experienced between partners. It is important to seek knowledge of the phenomenon of intimacy, how the couples understand …

Use Of L-Canavanine As A Chemotherapeutic Agent For The Treatment Of Pancreatic Cancer, Peter Crooks, Gerald A. Rosenthal

Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty Patents

A pharmaceutical composition of canavanine, and a method treatment of cancer, particularly pancreatic cancer with L-canavanine is disclosed.

Facilitators And Barriers To The Practice Of Breast Cancer In Black Women, Yvonne W. Tanner

MSN Research Projects

Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer in black women, yet black women are among the least likely to participate in breast screening. Little is known about factors that promote or inhibit the practice of breast cancer screening in this population. The purpose of this study was to determine what facilitators and barriers exist to the practice of breast cancer screening in black women. The theoretical frameworks for this study were Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory and Champion's Modified Health Belief Model. Utilizing a descriptive research design, a sample of 67 black women with no history of breast cancer …

Mathematical Models Of Chemotherapy, John Carl Panetta

Mathematics & Statistics Theses & Dissertations

Several mathematical models are developed to describe the effects of chemotherapy on both cancerous and normal tissue. Each model is defined by either a single homogeneous equation or a system of heterogeneous equations which describe the states of the normal and/or cancer cells. Periodic terms are added to model the effects of the chemotherapy. What we obtain are regions, in parameter space (dose and period), of acceptable drug regimens.

The models take into account various aspects of chemotherapy. These include, interactions between the cancer and normal tissue, cell specific chemotherapeutic drug, the use of non-constant parameters to aid in modeling …

A Logistic Model Of Periodic Chemotherapy, J. C. Panetta

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

A logistic differential equation with a time-varying periodic parameter is used to model the growth of cells, in particular cancer cells, in the presences of chemotherapeutic drugs. The chemotherapeutic effects are modeled by a periodic parameter that modifies the growth rate of the cell tissue. A negative growth rate represents the detrimental effects of the drugs. A simple criterion is obtained for the behavior of the chemotherapy.