Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Inflammatory Potential Of Diet In Determining Cancer Risk; A Prospective Investigation Of Two Dietary Pattern Scores, Stina Bodén, Robin Myte, Maria Wennberg, Sophia Harlid, Ingegerd Johansson, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hébert, Bethany Van Guelpen, Lena Maria Nilsson

Faculty Publications

Purpose Inflammation-related mechanisms may contribute to the link between diet and cancer. We sought to investigate the inflammatory impact of diet on cancer risk using the Dietary inflammatory index (DII) and an adapted Mediterranean diet score (MDS).

Methods This population-based, prospective cohort study used self-reported dietary data from the Västerbotten Intervention Programme, including 100,881 participants, of whom 35,393 had repeated measures. Associations between dietary patterns and cancer risk were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. We also used restricted cubic splines to test for potential non-linear associations.

Results A total of 9,250 incident cancer cases were diagnosed during a median …

Effects Of Vitamin D3 And Its Chemical Analogs On The Growth Of Hodgkin’S Lymphoma, In Vitro, Rajendra Ghardbaran, Bo Zhang, Luis Valerio, Onyekwere Onwumere, Madeline Wong, Jason Mighty, Stephen Redenti

Publications and Research

Objective: Vitamin D receptor (VDR) activities have been noted for a number of B cell malignancies which showed varying sensitivities to vitamin D3 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, VD3, calcitriol) and its synthetic analogs. The objective of this study was to address the potential effects of VD3 and vitamin D3 analogs (VDAs) on the growth of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL), a malignant pathology of B cell origin, in vitro.

Results: Immunofluorescence staining showed the expression of VDR by primary Hodgkin’s (H) and Reed–Sternberg (RS)—HRS-tumor cells in HL histological sections. Western blot analyses revealed expression of VDR in the HL cell lines Hs445, HDLM2, KMH2, …

Effects Of Ef-24 And Cisplatin On Cancer, Renal, And Auditory Cells, Denis Hodzic

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Cisplatin is a chemotherapy drug effective against several forms of cancer, but can also cause serious side-effects, including nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. Curcumin, a natural plant compound, can increase cisplatin’s anti-cancer activity and counteract cisplatin’s deleterious effect on the auditory and renal systems. Unfortunately, curcumin exhibits poor bioavailability, which has promoted interest in the development of synthetic curcumin analogs (curcuminoids) that are soluble, target cancer, and do not cause side effects. This study investigated whether the curcuminoid (3E,5E)-3,5-bis[(2-fluorophenyl) methylene]-4-piperidinone (EF-24) increases the anti-cancer effects of cisplatin against a human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780) and its cisplatin-resistant counterpart (A2780cis), while preventing …

Cancer And How The Patients See It; Prevalence And Perception Of Risk Factors: A Cross-Sectional Survey From A Tertiary Care Centre Of Karachi, Pakistan, Saira Saeed, Javaid Khan, Nousheen Iqbal, Sana Irfan, Alviya Shafique, Safia Awan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: The incidence of cancer is rising but data available regarding prevalence of cancer and patient perception of the disease in Pakistan is limited. It is difficult to deal with Cancer if the main causes are negligence towards risk factors and bizarre myths. This study was aimed to investigate common cancer presentations at a government sector hospital and to gain insight into patient knowledge of the disease.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on cancer patients from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. A self-made questionnaire was used to assess the norms related to cancer prevalence in our society, associated myths, …

Developing An Evidence-Based Supportive Services Program For Cancer Survivors In A Private Oncology Practice, Joseph Ellul

Doctoral Projects

Improvements in cancer treatment have led to a rapidly increasing survivor population. In response, multiple side effects of cancer and cancer treatment as well as the various wellness needs of survivors have been recognized. Survivorship programs have been developed to care for survivors with residual effects of cancer and the side effects of treatment; however, additional support is needed. The purpose of the project was to highlight the need for a comprehensive supportive services program for the cancer survivor population and describe the steps that were required to successfully develop the program. The clinical question addressed by the project was: …

Health Effects Of A Vegan Diet And Pediatric Cancer Prevention, Lindsay Wisehart

Senior Honors Theses

Veganism is a diet which excludes consumption of all animal products. With proper planning and vitamin supplementation to ensure adequate intake of protein, fat, calcium, zinc, iron, and vitamins D and B12, a vegan diet is widely accepted as suitable for growing and developing children. The decreased levels of dairy, red and processed meats, fat, and protein, and increased levels of fruits and vegetables characteristic of a vegan diet have been shown to reduce risk of mortality and a number of diseases including adult and childhood cancer. Childhood cancer is the second leading cause of childhood death in Western society. …

The Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Fatigue During The Progression Of Cancer Cachexia, Brandon N. Vanderveen

Theses and Dissertations

Cachexia is the unintentional loss of body weight secondary to chronic disease and is prevalent is roughly 50% of cancer patients. The loss of body weight and skeletal muscle mass is reduced functional capacity associated with reduced life quality. The etiology of cachexia is multimodal and complex; however, cachexia has been linked to several systemic (e.g. chronic inflammation, hypogonadism, anemia, insulin resistance) and behavioral (e.g. anorexia, inactivity) changes that can compound to accelerate muscle mass and body weight loss. While several inflammatory cytokines are associated with cachexia’s disease progression, our laboratory has established that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a key regulator …

Psychometric Evaluation Of Lung Cancer Stigma Among Lung Cancer Survivors In South Carolina, Lisa A. Webb

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Despite the improved screening and treatment modalities, lung cancer is the second leading cause of cancer and accounts for 27% of all cancer deaths in the United States. Survivors of lung cancer experience physical, social, and particularly psychological challenges. Lung cancer stigma is a formidable challenge for survivors of lung cancer that complicates their physical, psychological and social well-being.

The Cataldo Lung Cancer Stigma Scale is the first instrument adapted to measure lung cancer stigma. This instrument was adapted from Berger’s HIV Stigma Scale. HIV stigma and lung cancer stigma share similarities. These health-related stigmas reflect behaviors that …

Abstracts From The 25th Annual Health Care Systems Research Network Conference, April 8–10, 2019, Portland, Oregon

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

The Health Care Systems Research Network (HCSRN) is made up of nonprofit health systems with embedded research departments whose scientists are dedicated to public domain research. The network’s annual conference serves as a forum for research teams to disseminate study findings, stimulate new collaborations, and share insights about conducting research in real-world care settings. Abstracts accepted for presentation at HCSRN 2019 are published in this supplement of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews, the official scientific journal of the conference.

Suppression Of Hmgb1 Released In The Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment Reduces Tumoral Edema., Bangxing Hong, Kamaldeen Muili, Chelsea Bolyard, Luke Russell, Tae Jin Lee, Yeshavanth Banasavadi-Siddegowda, Ji Young Yoo, Yuanqing Yan, Leomar Y Ballester, Kurt H Bockhorst, Balveen Kaur

Oncology Articles

HMGB1 is a ubiquitously expressed intracellular protein that binds DNA and transcription factors and regulates chromosomal structure and function. Under conditions of cell death or stress, it is actively or passively released by cells into the extracellular environment, where it functions as damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that orchestrates pro-inflammatory cytokine release and inflammation. Our results demonstrate that HMGB1 is secreted in the tumor microenvironment after oncolytic HSV (oHSV) infection in vitro and in vivo. The impact of secreted HMGB1 on tumor growth and response to oncolytic viral therapy was evaluated by using HMGB1-blocking antibodies in vitro and in mice …

Extracellular Vesicles From Thyroid Carcinoma: The New Frontier Of Liquid Biopsy, Germana Rappa, Caterina Puglisi, Mark F. Santos, Stefano Forte, Lorenzo Memeo, Aurelio Lorico

College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUN) Publications and Research

The diagnostic approach to thyroid cancer is one of the most challenging issues in oncology of the endocrine system because of its high incidence (3.8% of all new cancer cases in the US) and the difficulty to distinguish benign from malignant non-functional thyroid nodules and establish the cervical lymph node involvement during staging. Routine diagnosis of thyroid nodules usually relies on a fine-needle aspirate biopsy, which is invasive and often inaccurate. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel, accurate, and non-invasive diagnostic procedures. Liquid biopsy, as a non-invasive approach for the detection of diagnostic biomarkers for early tumor …

Pretreatment With A Heat-Killed Probiotic Modulates The Nlrp3 Inflammasome And Attenuates Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer In Mice, I. Che Chung, Chun Nan Ouyang, Sheng Ning Yuan, Hsin Chung Lin, Kuo Yang Huang, Pao Shu Wu, Chia Yuan Liu, Kuen Jou Tsai, Lai Keng Loi, Yu Jen Chen, An Ko Chung, David M. Ojcius, Yu Sun Chang, Lih Chyang Chen

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Inflammation contributes to cancer development and inflammatory bowel disease is an important risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study is to assess whether a widely used probiotic Enterococcus faecalis can modulate the NLRP3 inflammasome and protect against colitis and colitis-associated CRC. We studied the effect of heat-killed cells of E. faecalis on NLRP3 inflammasome activation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Pretreatment of E. faecalis or NLRP3 siRNA can inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages in response to fecal content or …

Improving The Quality Of Patient-Provider Interactions And Promoting Equitable, Accessible And Patient-Centered Cancer Care, C. Vaughan-Briggs, Lcsw, A. Petok, Lcsw, Mph, T. Dejesse, Amy Leader, Drph, Mph

Department of Medical Oncology Posters

• Philadelphia is among the top 10 cities in the US with populations over 500,000 with a high Community Need Index score (CNI- severity of Health disparity)
• Data from 2015 County Health Ranking, had Philadelphia last of all 67 counties in the state for social economic factors. (unemployment, income inequality, injury deaths, etc. )
• Cancer is a leading cause of mortality in the US
• The SKCC participated in a year-long, externally supported self study to improve the quality of patientprovider interactions and promote more equitable, accessible and patient- centered cancer care. This program aligned with internal initiatives.
• SKCC at Jefferson is …

Virus-Specific Memory T Cells Populate Tumors And Can Be Repurposed For Tumor Immunotherapy, Pamela C. Rosato, Sathi Wijeyesinghe, J Michael Stolley, Christine E. Nelson, Rachel Davis, Luke S. Manlove, Christopher A. Pennell, Bruce R. Blazar, Clark C. Chen, Melissa A. Geller, Vaiva Vezys, David Masopust

Faculty Publications

The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment limits the success of current immunotherapies. The host retains memory T cells specific for previous infections throughout the entire body that are capable of executing potent and immediate immunostimulatory functions. Here we show that virus-specific memory T cells extend their surveillance to mouse and human tumors. Reactivating these antiviral T cells can arrest growth of checkpoint blockade-resistant and poorly immunogenic tumors in mice after injecting adjuvant-free non-replicating viral peptides into tumors. Peptide mimics a viral reinfection event to memory CD8+ T cells, triggering antigen presentation and cytotoxic pathways within the tumor, activating dendritic cells and natural …

Immediate Versus Delayed Exercise In Men Initiating Androgen Deprivation: Effects On Bone Density And Soft Tissue Composition, Dennis R. Taaffe, Daniel A. Galvao, Nigel Spry, David Joseph, Suzanne K. Chambers, Robert A. Gardiner, Dickon Hayne, Prue Cormie, David H.K. Shum, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether it is more efficacious to commence exercise medicine in men with prostate cancer at the onset of androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) rather than later on during treatment to preserve bone and soft-tissue composition, as ADT results in adverse effects including: reduced bone mineral density (BMD), loss of muscle mass, and increased fat mass (FM).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In all, 104 patients with prostate cancer, aged 48-84 years initiating ADT, were randomised to immediate exercise (IMEX, n = 54) or delayed exercise (DEL, n = 50) conditions. The former consisted of 6 months of supervised resistance/aerobic/impact exercise and …

Quality Of Life And Psychological Distress In Cancer Survivors: The Role Of Psycho-Social Resources For Resilience, Craig A. Harms, Lynne Cohen, Julie Ann Pooley, Suzanne K. Chambers, Daniel A. Galvao, Robert U. Newton

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between scores on the Protective Factors for Resilience Scale (PFRS) (as a measure of a person's psycho-social resources for resilience) and quality of life as well as symptoms of psychological distress for adult cancer survivors.

METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 295 cancer survivors (59% female) provided background demographic information and completed the PFRS as well as measures of quality of life and psychological distress previously validated with cancer survivors. Most of the survivors were diagnosed with breast or prostate cancer.

RESULTS: Analysis of the data confirmed the factor structure for the PFRS …

Shared Heritability And Functional Enrichment Across Six Solid Cancers, Xia Jiang, Hilary K. Finucane, Fredrick R. Schumacher, Stephanie L. Schmit, Jonathan P. Tyrer, Younghun Han, Kyriaki Michailidou, Corina Lesseur, Karoline B. Kuchenbaecker, Joe Dennis, David V. Conti, Graham Casey, Mia M. Gaudet, Jeroen R. Huyghe, Demetrius Albanes, Melinda C. Aldrich, Angeline S. Andrew, Irene L. Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Antonis C. Antoniou, Natalia N. Antonenkova, Susanne M. Arnold, Kristan J. Aronson, Banu K. Arun, Elisa V. Bandera, Rosa B. Barkardottir, Daniel R. Barnes, Jyotsna Batra, Matthias W. Beckmann, Javier Benitez

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Quantifying the genetic correlation between cancers can provide important insights into the mechanisms driving cancer etiology. Using genome-wide association study summary statistics across six cancer types based on a total of 296,215 cases and 301,319 controls of European ancestry, here we estimate the pair-wise genetic correlations between breast, colorectal, head/neck, lung, ovary and prostate cancer, and between cancers and 38 other diseases. We observed statistically significant genetic correlations between lung and head/neck cancer (r_g = 0.57, p = 4.6 × 10⁻⁸), breast and ovarian cancer (r_g = 0.24, p = 7 × 10^{−5 …}

Cancer Screening For Transgender Patients: An Online Case-Based Module, Devin Oller

Internal Medicine Faculty Publications

Introduction: Guidelines recommend that primary care providers complete organ-based routine cancer screening for all transgender patients. Training on critical transgender health topics like cancer screening, as well as residents' confidence in addressing issues their transgender patients may face, remains limited among graduate medical education (GME) programs. Online case-based modules are an effective tool for skills improvement in GME, but their application to transgender health topics has not been assessed.

Methods: I developed a brief online module on cancer screening for transgender patients using Google Forms and offered it to first-year internal medicine residents. The module was optional and asynchronous with …

Development And Evaluation Of A Cancer Registry For Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital And Research Centre, Kanav Khera Dr

Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Theses and Dissertations

Background: There exists a National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) aimed at collecting cancer patient data at the hospital and population level. 33 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and 100+ hospital-based registries (HBCRs) are present. Continuous training of professionals and monitoring of data completeness are a requisite to ensure generation of reliable databases. Advances in information technology allow for proper planning and development in all active registries. However, due to lack of time and personnel, systematic filling in of data takes a back-seat in India. Objectives: To develop a cancer registry for Shirdi Sai Baba Cancer Hospital and Research Centre. Methods: After …

Cyclin C: The Story Of A Non-Cycling Cyclin, Jan Jezek, Daniel G J Smethurst, David C Stieg, Z A C Kiss, Sara E Hanley, Vidyaramanan Ganesan, Kai-Ti Chang, Katrina F Cooper, Randy Strich

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

The class I cyclin family is a well-studied group of structurally conserved proteins that interact with their associated cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) to regulate different stages of cell cycle progression depending on their oscillating expression levels. However, the role of class II cyclins, which primarily act as transcription factors and whose expression remains constant throughout the cell cycle, is less well understood. As a classic example of a transcriptional cyclin, cyclin C forms a regulatory sub-complex with its partner kinase Cdk8 and two accessory subunits Med12 and Med13 called the Cdk8-dependent kinase module (CKM). The CKM reversibly associates with the multi-subunit …

Determining Efficacy Of Anti-Cancer Drug From Detection In Plasma Using The Hplc Method, Nili Modi

BIO4950: Internship in Biology

Extraction of anti-cancer drug in plasma from in vivo organism models were studied to examine and differentiate the different methods. Along with extraction, detection of the amount and the retention period of the anti- cancer drug in plasma in the test subjects were focused on to analyze the ways of the HPLC method. The HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method is the most frequently used method for detection in many labs due to its ability to be programed quick with minimal training and to ensure accurate results. Using animal models to detect plasma drug levels in pre-clinical trials is valuable …

Radiotherapy-Compatible Robotic System For Multi-Landmark Positioning In Head And Neck Cancer Treatments, Mark Ostyn, Siqiu Wang, Yun-Soung Kim, Siyong Kim, Woon-Hong Yeo

Radiation Oncology Publications

The spine flexibility creates one of the most significant challenges to proper positioning in radiation therapy of head and neck cancers. Even though existing immobilization techniques can reduce the positioning uncertainty, residual errors (2–3 mm along the cervical spine) cannot be mitigated by single translation-based approaches. Here, we introduce a fully radiotherapy-compatible electro-mechanical robotic system, capable of positioning a patient’s head with submillimeter accuracy in clinically acceptable spatial constraints. Key mechanical components, designed by finite element analysis, are fabricated with 3D printing and a cyclic loading test of the printed materials captures a great mechanical robustness. Measured attenuation of most …

Potential Applications Of Capsaicinoids In Small Cell Lung Cancer Therapy, Jamie Rae Friedman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Lung cancer continues to be the leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide. Lung cancer is not a single disease but an umbrella that encompasses two major classifications, nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). SCLC represents about 15- 20% of all lung cancer cases and is almost exclusively diagnosed in smokers. Typically, patients will respond very well to first line treatment, but face inevitable relapse. The fact that SCLC still carries a grim 5-year survival rate of less than 5% highlights the lack of advancement in treatment options to effectively improve patient response and survival. …

The Association Between The Change In Directly Measured Cardiorespiratory Fitness Across Time And Mortality Risk, Mary T. Imboden, Matthew P. Harber, Mitchell H. Whaley, W. Holmes Finch, Derron L. Bishop

Faculty Publications - Department of Kinesiology

Background: The relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and mortality risk has typically been assessed using a single measurement, though some evidence suggests the change in CRF over time influences risk. This evidence is predominantly based on studies using estimated CRF (CRFe). The strength of this relationship using change in directly measured CRF over time in apparently healthy men and women is not well understood.

Purpose: To examine the association of change in CRF over time, measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX), with all-cause and disease-specific mortality and to compare baseline and subsequent CRF measurements as predictors of all-cause mortality.

Methods: …

Cancer Care Annual Report 2018-2019, Children's Mercy Hospital

Cancer Center Annual Reports

Annual report of cancer care and oncology services at the Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City MO, a pediatric medical center.

Use Of Beta Antagonists Or Hmg Coa Reductase Inhibitors For Cardio Protection During Chemotherapy In Oncology Patients, Nichole Streich

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

Over the years, oncologists are better able to fight cancer and have increased cancer survival, but we are also finding that these lifesaving therapies can affect the heart and other parts of the body in a negative way. Chemotherapy is excellent at destroying cancer cells, but it also causes collateral damage to other healthy cells. There are certain chemotherapeutic agents that are known to cause cardiotoxicity. Currently we are monitoring the heart function of the patients who are receiving these cardiotoxic drugs prior to starting the chemotherapy as well as during and after treatment. However, there are currently no recommendations …

Perfluoroalkyl Substances Exposure And Cancer In Nhanes 2011-2016 U.S. Population, Michael Crowder

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Background: Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent synthetic compounds that may have associated health risks.

Purpose: To explore the association between four common detectable serum PFASs perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and cancer risk in United States (U.S.) adults.

Methods: Data from 4,497 participants from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were analyzed. Gender stratified adjusted logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine association between serum PFASs tertiles and risk of cancer.

Results: Median (IQR) PFASs were significantly higher in men compared to women, and among individual with …

Analyzing Brain Sample Via Hplc Method, Neethu Mathew

BIO4950: Internship in Biology

This paper aims to investigate the principle methodology behind extraction and detection of an anti-cancer drug from brain samples via the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. In order to assess the efficiency of the methodology carried out in the Rumbaugh-Goodwin Institute of Cancer Research (RGI), numerous peer-reviewed journals and articles were analyzed over the duration of this internship. They were filtered on the basis of inclusion of keywords, date written, peer-reviewed credibility, and similarity to RGI’s research. The literature that has been chosen to be reviewed includes studies that present similar methodologies or test drugs with similar functions. From …

Effects Of A Plant-Based Vegan Diet On The Risk Of Cancer: An Integrative Review Of The Literature, Chelsie M. Silavent

Honors Undergraduate Theses

Cancer, an aggressive chronic disease, impacts the lives of millions of people every day. There are numerous proposed triggers related to the diagnosis and much remains to be learned about the causes. Associated with this disease's variability is the challenge to identify a single causative agent that lead to its prevention. Specific topics that need additional evidence relate to environmental factors and lifestyle behaviors in the development, treatment and, in some instances, even suppression of disease progression. Specifically, a diet that excludes animal-based products but consists of a variety of fruits and vegetables (i.e., plant-based vegan diet) is reported to …

An Inflammatory Landscape For Preoperative Neurologic Deficits In Glioblastoma., Amal Katrib, Hyun-Hwan Jeong, Nina L Fransen, Kristin S Henzel, Jeremy A Miller

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

No abstract provided.