Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Preoperative Imaging For Cochlear Implantation: A Global Consensus, Farid Alzhrani, Craig Buchman, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: Preoperative imaging is vital for cochlear implant surgeries, aiding diagnosis, and surgical planning. This study evaluated global practices and the value of preoperative imaging through an international survey.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among international cochlear implantation experts using a 112-item questionnaire. The study explored imaging modalities, anatomical targets, evaluated parameters, and different imaging approaches' perceived value and risks. Participants were recruited from a global consortium of otolaryngology, otology, neurotology, and cochlear implant surgery professionals.

RESULTS: Thirty-nine practitioners from 36 centers in 16 countries completed the survey (95.1% response rate). All used computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance …

Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Mimicking Dementia In A Patient Treated With Imatinib, Ashley Jones, Samuele Bonomi, Keith E Stockerl-Goldstein, Randall J Bateman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are the cornerstone of chronic myeloid leukemia treatment. Newer agents have more potency and a broader spectrum of action, but also a higher potential for neuropsychiatric side effects. We present a case of a patient on imatinib who developed progressive cognitive, mood, and behavioral alterations. He was investigated for dementia and psychiatric disorders but ultimately improved only after discontinuing imatinib. His decompensation years after therapy start, followed by complete and rapid remission, is atypical. We also review the most recent neurobiological findings on the role of tyrosine kinase alterations in dementia and their importance for mood regulation.

Knowledge, Attitudes, And Practices Among Sexually Active Individuals Toward Trichomoniasis In The Ashaiman Municipality, Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study, Christopher Yaw Dumevi, Percival Delali Agordoh, Yaw Osei Owusu, Josephine Afi Nukpedu Banini, Roberta Araba Amoquandoh, George Boateng Kyei, Patience B Tetteh-Quarcoo, Irene Ayi, Patrick F Ayeh-Kumi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Trichomoniasis is a significant public health concern due to its implications for reproductive health and HIV transmission. Despite its prevalence, there is limited understanding of community knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding trichomoniasis in Ghana. This study aimed to assess KAP toward trichomoniasis among sexually active individuals in the Ashaiman Municipality of the Greater Accra Region.

METHODS: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from February to April 2024 among 397 sexually active individuals aged 15-65 years. Participants were selected via simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Stata version 17. Descriptive statistics summarized …

Mechano Responsiveness Of Neuroimmune Cross-Talk In Bone And Joints: A Narrative Review With Implications For Force-Based Manipulations, Karl J Lewis, Jennifer Bent, Per Gunnar Brolinson, Damian Keter, Ellen Lumpkin, Jan Mundo, Vitaly Napadow, William R Reed, Brent S Russell, Simon Y Tang, Mary F Barbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Recent advances in osteoimmunology have illuminated the significant role of neuroimmune interactions in bone and joint health. The neuroimmune system critically regulates bone cell function through a complex network of molecular mediators - including signals from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, cortisol and other hormones, and growth factors. These mediators interact within a nonlinear network where each component can influence others reciprocally, with the brain serving as a central coordinator.

AIM: Our goal in this narrative review is to: 1) Provide an overview of roles the neuroimmune system is involved in bone and joint …

Apoe-Stratified Proteomic And Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Mitochondrial Dysfunction Inflammation And Lipid Dysregulation In Alzheimer's Disease, Fuhai Li, Yike Chen, Daniel Western, Muhammad Ali, Menghan Liu, Katherine Gong, Ying Xu, Joseph Lowery, David M Holtzman, Carlos Cruchaga, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is known that other pathways independent of APOE also play a role in AD. Disentangling APOE-dependent and independent effects is instrumental for understanding the biology of AD. We conducted an APOE-stratified multi-omic analysis in multiple large datasets to identify AD-associated plasma proteins and metabolites. More than 64% of the identified proteins were not found in non-APOE stratified studies, and 17% of the proteins showed APOE-specific trends. Mitochondrial dysfunction was associated in AD independently of APOE and was accompanied by disruptions in glucose and lipid …

The Femoral Head Edema Zone: A Novel Classification Scheme To Better Predict Osteonecrosis Progression, Deniz C Ince, Vivek P Shah, Kenichi Kikuchi, Kyle P O'Connor, Elizabeth L Yanik, John C Clohisy, Cecilia Pascual-Garrido

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: This study proposed a new classification, the Edema Zone classification, that uses magnetic resonance imaging images to grade the extent of edema in osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of the study was (1) to examine how the Edema Zone classification compared to the Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) classification's prognostic ability for early conversion to total hip arthroplasty (THA), and (2) to determine how accurately and reliably the Edema Zone classification performed as a classification system.

METHODS: This was a retrospective study of hips that converted to THA from a core decompression within 26 months compared to hips …

Quality Of Antenatal And Delivery Care And Postnatal Care Use: A Multi-Country Observational Study Of 400,000 Births, Jan E. Cooper, Hwa-Young Lee, Katherine Wright, Prashant Jaryan, Margaret E. Kruk

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Postnatal care (PNC) plays a crucial role in averting newborn mortality, yet its use remains low, particularly in regions with the highest mortality. While demographic and social determinants of PNC use have been well studied and have informed current strategies focused on changing care-seeking behaviors, the stagnating decline in neonatal mortality highlights the need for upstream and system-wide approaches to increase PNC uptake. Limited evidence exists to guide system-level reforms; therefore, we investigated whether health systems that ensure high-quality perinatal care are associated with increased use of PNC.

METHODS AND FINDINGS: We performed a cross-sectional observational study using Demographic …

Detailed Single-Cell Mapping Of The Transcriptional Response To A Virus Infection Driven By Copy-Back Viral Genomes, Yanling Yang, Emna Achouri, Munyaradzi Tambo, Carolina B. López

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The antiviral response to several clinically significant viruses, including respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus, is driven by copy-back viral genomes (cbVGs) generated during virus replication. However, the broader impact of cbVGs on the functional states of host cells remains undefined. Here, we developed a single-cell RNA-sequencing and computational framework to map cbVG-driven host responses during Sendai virus infection. Unsupervised profiling identified distinct transcriptional states throughout the course of infection, highlighting a shift from early antiviral signaling to later inflammatory and remodeling programs. Stratifying infected cells by cbVG status demonstrated that cbVG-positive cells initiate interferon and chemokine programs, which later …

Accurate Predictions Of Disordered Protein Ensembles With Starling, Borna Novak, Jeffrey M Lotthammer, Ryan J Emenecker, Alex S Holehouse

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions (collectively IDRs) are found across all kingdoms of life and have critical roles in virtually every eukaryotic cellular process

Acute Myocardial Infarction In Medicare Beneficiaries During And After The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jonah M Graves, R J Waken, Fengxian Wang, Rishi K Wadhera, Jose F Figueroa, E John Orav, Osvaldo J Laurido-Soto, Karen E Joynt Maddox

2020-Current year OA Pubs

IMPORTANCE: During early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, presentations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) declined significantly, and outcomes worsened. However, the full extent and long-term sequelae of changes in AMI epidemiology during the pandemic remain uncertain, as does whether these patterns differed by rurality.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of AMI-related hospitalizations, interventions, and outcomes among Medicare beneficiaries throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on differences in urban and rural populations.

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This retrospective cohort study included all Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries with AMI between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, in the analysis. Data were analyzed from …

Clostridioides Difficile Colonization And Infection In Pediatric Oncology And Stem Cell Transplant Patients, Daniel N Willis, Erik R Dubberke, Robert J Hayashi, Phillip I Tarr, David B Haslam, Tiffany Hink, Jingqin Luo, Yu Tao, Amruta Padhye, Erin M Hall, Gregory A Storch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients have elevated risk for

METHODS: We retrospectively studied 276 stools longitudinally collected over 34 months from 32 HSCT and 12 oncology patients treated at a single tertiary center. Specimens were cultured for

RESULTS: Baseline cultures were positive in 16 (50%) HSCT patients and 2 (12%) oncology. On subsequent samples, 64% of patients who were initially negative acquired colonization: 8 of 15 (53%) HSCT and 8 of 10 (80%) oncology. Nine clonal strains and 25 multilocus sequence types were identified by whole genome sequencing, with 4 clones found in both cohorts. …

Use Of Inverse Probability Weighting In Cardiovascular Surgical Outcomes Research: Principles, Limitations, And Recommendations, Zhongjian Liu, Wei-Guo Ma, Lei Liu, Prashanth Vallabhajosyula, Haibo Wang

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This statistical primer presents a comprehensive introduction to the use of inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), a method for rebalancing group confounders at baseline in cardiovascular surgical outcomes research. We leveraged a retrospective study comparing the outcomes of 2 different surgical approaches to aortic arch pathology to illustrate the essential aspects of performing IPTW, including basic theories, application, extreme weights, underestimated variance, heterogeneity of treatment effect, and multicollinearity. The limitations of IPTW were discussed with examples of solutions. Ten practical recommendations are made on avoiding the pitfalls in the use of IPTW. Proper use of IPTW may effectively reduce …

Visual Recognition Of The Anteroposterior Female Body Axis Drives Spatial Elements Of Male Courtship In Drosophila, Ross M Mckinney, Christian Monroy Hernandez, Yehuda Ben-Shahar

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Drosophila males exhibit a highly stereotypic courtship ritual toward virgin females, which is comprised of a sequence of specific behavioral elements that depend on inputs from diverse sensory modalities. Particularly, the visual system of the male plays an important role in detecting salient patterns, colors, and motion cues from conspecifics, which can promote or inhibit specific aspects of male courtship such as chase and song production. Here, we use a computer vision and machine learning-based approach, with a simplified courtship paradigm, to show that males also depend on visual cues to determine the anterior-posterior body axis of females, which drives …

Mda5-Mavs And Interferon-Lambda Signaling In The Intestinal Epithelium Limit Murine Astrovirus Infection, Heyde Makimaa, Harshad Ingle, Leran Wang, Somya Aggarwal, Hongju Deng, Elizabeth A Kennedy, Lynne Foster, Yuhao Li, Megan T Baldridge

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are a global cause of pediatric gastroenteritis and can cause disseminated infection in immunocompromised hosts. Murine astrovirus (muAstV) causes acute asymptomatic infections in immunocompetent mice and chronic infection in immunodeficient models and has provided important insights into AstV pathogenesis in vivo. MuAstV can protect immunodeficient mice from other enteric viruses via robust induction of antiviral cytokine interferon-lambda (IFN-λ), with recent findings implicating goblet cells and enterocytes as both cell types infected by muAstV as well as potential sources of IFN-λ in vivo. However, the viral sensing pathways that regulate induction of IFN-λ, as well as the specific …

Glp-1 Receptor Agonists Or Sglt2 Inhibitors And Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy, Taeyoung Choi, Ziyad Al-Aly, Yan Xie

2020-Current year OA Pubs

No abstract provided.

Ten Tips On How To Prevent And Manage Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disease In Kidney Transplant Recipients, Rose Mary Attieh, Armin Ghobadi, Naoka Murakami

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) remains a challenging and high-impact complication of kidney transplantation, requiring thoughtful prevention, timely recognition, and multidisciplinary management. Key strategies include careful selection of immunosuppressive regimens, particularly avoiding belatacept in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-seronegative recipients and exercising caution with lymphodepleting induction in EBV-mismatched pairs, along with targeted EBV surveillance in high-risk patients. Once PTLD is suspected or confirmed, accurate staging and a stepwise treatment approach beginning with reduction of immunosuppression and escalating to rituximab, chemotherapy, or advanced cellular therapies are essential, with EBV-CTLs and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy offering promising options in refractory disease. Close monitoring for …

Intracranial Mesenchymal Tumor, Fet::Creb Fusion-Positive: An Integrative Analysis Of 81 Cases, Sharika Rajan, Robert Schmidt, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Intracranial mesenchymal tumors, FET::CREB fusion-positive (ICMT), show fusions involving FET RNA-binding protein family genes (EWSR1 or FUS) and CREB family of transcription factors (ATF1, CREB1, or CREM). The methylation signature(s), gene expression characteristics, and clinical behavior of this important tumor type require further characterization.

METHODS: We study the methylation profiles of 81 ICMT cases (61 newly profiled cases and 20 cases from publicly available sources). Clinicopathologic and genomic data were recorded for each case when available.

RESULTS: ICMT showed a relatively distinct methylation signature compared to related tumors. Among the 65 cases where fusion types were documented, the identified …

Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Plexiform Neurofibromas: Integrating Treatment Across Pediatric And Adult Populations, Amy E Armstrong, Andrea M Gross, Laura J Klesse, Steven D Rhodes, Shivani Ahlawat, Verena Staedtke, Camilo A Molina, Angela C Hirbe

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are a hallmark of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), affecting ∼50% of individuals with the condition. Originating from Schwann cells and other peripheral nerve sheath components, these tumors can cause significant morbidity, including functional impairment, diminished health-related quality of life, chronic pain, and malignant transformation. Managing NF1-PNs is challenging because of disease variability, differing growth rates, and age-related differences in clinical presentation and treatment tolerability. This review examines current therapeutic strategies, including surgery, medical therapies, and emerging treatments, emphasizing individualized care. Highlighted here is the need for age-specific treatment planning, particularly as disease progression, comorbidities, and side-effect profiles …

Differential Regulation Of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate By Phosphodiesterase 3a Discriminates Thrombin-Induced Protease Activated Receptor 1- And 4-Dependent Platelet Activation, Izabella Andrianova, Abigail Ajanel, Jesse W Rowley, Darian C Murray, Yasuhiro Kosaka, Frederik Denorme, Paul F Bray, Robert A Campbell

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Human platelets express 2 thrombin-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), protease activated receptor (PAR)1 and PAR4. Previous studies have demonstrated PAR1 activation to be fast on-fast off while PAR4 activation was slower but more sustained. However, how PARs regulate second messengers such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), a negative regulator of platelet activation, remain unknown.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated how PAR1 and PAR4 activation by thrombin regulates cAMP levels and platelet activation.

METHODS: PAR1 and PAR4 on washed human platelets were inhibited with vorapaxar or BMS-986120, respectively, in the presence or absence of prostaglandin (PG)I

RESULTS: In the presence of …

Lyplal1 Rare Loss-Of-Function Variants In Humans And Deletion In Human Hepatoma Cells Protect Against Masld, Rawdat Hussain, Chinmay Raut, Ponnandy Prabhu, Akram Irshaid, Yash Hegde, Yue Chen, Asmita Pant, Antonino Oliveri, Xiaochao Wei, Lishi Yin, Tiffany L Russell, Brian Halligan, Clay F Semenkovich, Elizabeth K Speliotes

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Genetic variants near LYPLAL1 are associated with Metabolic dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) in humans, but their impact on LYPLAL1 function is unknown. We identified LYPLAL1 loss-of-function variants from UK BioBank (UKBB) whole-exome sequencing data that had AlphaMissense or GPN-MSA scores in the top 20% of LYPLAL1 variants for being disruptive. We aggregated these variants and carried out burden analysis for effects on MRI Proton Density-Fat Fraction (MRI-PDFF) and ICD-based MASLD in UKBB. Rare loss-of-function LYPLAL1 variants were associated with reduced MRI-PDFF and ICD diagnosed MASLD across sexes. We used CRISPR to knockout and overexpress LYPLAL1 in human hepatoma cells …

Mental Health Literacy Among Perinatal Healthcare Professionals In The United Arab Emirates: A Multiphase Convergent Mixedmethods Study, Rouwida Khalil Elkhalil

Dissertations

Perinatal mental disorders (PNMDs) pose a significant public health concern due to their impact on maternal well-being, infant development, and family functioning. Effective identification and management of PNMDs depend largely on the mental health literacy (MHL) of healthcare professionals, particularly those working in perinatal settings. However, MHL among perinatal healthcare professionals in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) remains underexplored. This dissertation aimed to examine and conceptualize MHL among perinatal healthcare professionals in the UAE, explore factors influencing its application in clinical practice, and inform evidence-based improvements in perinatal mental health care. A multiphase convergent mixed-methods design was employed across four …

Impact Of Plasma Ptau181 Levels On Clinician Diagnostic Confidence And Management In Memory And Cognition Clinics: A Multi-Site Before-And-After Study, Johannes C. Michaelian, Azadeh Feizpour, James C. Vickers, Jane E. Alty, Jessica M. Collins, Vincent Doré, Catriona Ireland, Anna E. King, Ralph N. Martins, Michael Woodward, Sharon L. Naismith, Christopher C. Rowe

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: Recent advances allow blood tests to detect key proteins linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: In this before-and-after study across three Australian memory and cognition clinics, we evaluated the impact on clinicians' diagnostic confidence and management following disclosure of routine patients' AD probability, using predefined plasma phosphorylated tau 181 (pTau181) thresholds set at 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity for amyloid-beta (Aβ) positron emission tomography (PET) positivity. Results: One hundred thirteen participants (mean age: 71.2 ± 8.4; mean Mini-Mental State Examination score: 27.7 ± 2.5) with dementia (n = 17, 15.0%), mild cognitive impairment (n = 48, 42.5%), and subjective …

Setting Research Priorities For The Use Of Digital Technology In The Self-Management Of Heart Health: The Results Of The James Lind Priority Setting Partnership, Lis Neubeck, Simon Nichols, Nicola Straiton, Louise J. Dunford, Amitava Banerjee, Susan Dawkes, Donna Fitzsimons, Maria Hayes, Alistair Lawson, Abigail A. Lyons, Mary Mcauley, Jill Mclaggan, Richard Mindham, Nicholas L. Mills, Rakesh Modi, Alice Pearsons, Amanda Pitkethly, Fiona E. Strachan, Coral L. Hanson

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Aims: There are wide inequalities in access to cardiovascular care, and risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, and physical inactivity are often not well managed. We aim to identify the most important questions about how digital technologies can help people and their carers prevent cardiovascular disease and improve access to care. Methods and results: A priority setting partnership that aimed to generate a top 10 list of research priorities for the use of digital technology in the prevention and management of heart disease and heart conditions in the UK and Ireland, with equal input by people with lived …

Using Social Network Analysis To Visualise Place-Based Partnerships For Systems Change In Regional Australia, Stephanie L. Godrich, Isabelle Chiera, Melissa Stoneham, Jess Doe, Amanda Devine, Emily Humphreys

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Issue Addressed: Social network analysis (SNA) is a novel approach to investigating food security systems change in regional and remote communities. With short-term, siloed food security solutions often proving ineffective, this study used SNA to visualise how organisations across a vast area in Western Australia (WA) were working in partnership to support systems change and identify where these partnerships could be strengthened. Methods: One hundred and one food security initiative leaders, representing 148 initiatives, participated in semi-structured interviews. The number and type of regional partnerships were measured, and region-based partnership network typologies determined. Results: Most regions’ partnership networks were ‘Scattered …

Combined Effect Of Sarcopenia And Impaired Respiratory Function On All-Cause Death: A Nationwide Cohort Study, Chutao Wu, Dan Wu, Mu Li, Senrong Lu, Yukai Wang, Yulong Lan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Respiratory fitness and sarcopenia status have been reported to be cross-sectionally linked with each other and increase mortality risk. However, little is currently known regarding the connection between impaired respiratory function and sarcopenia and their joint effect on future death risk. Methods: This study included 12 027 participants (50.8% were women; mean [SD] age, 58.9 [9.3] years) from a nationwide, prospective cohort in China (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study). Respiratory function was assessed by peak expiratory flow (PEF). Sarcopenia status was assessed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 (AWGS 2019) criteria. Time-to-event survival analyses and …

Effects Of Photobiomodulation On Oral Mucositis, Oral Pain, Xerostomia, Salivary Flow Rate, And Quality Of Life In Patients With Head And Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Mônica N.M. Pedroso, Anderson Rech, Natalia Casagrande, Júlia F. Pissaia, Julia S. Zardo, Vitória L. Borges, Stephanie R. Bombana, Cindranne Torres Muller, Priscila Casara, Janaína Brollo, Claudio P. Júnior, Carin W. Gallon, Pedro Lopez

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose: To systematically review and analyze the effects of photobiomodulation on oral mucositis, xerostomia, salivary flow rates, oral pain, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods: A systematic search of six databases was conducted up to April 2025. Eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examined the effects of photobiomodulation on the specified outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer. Pooled estimates (risk ratio [RR] and standardized mean difference [SMD]) were calculated using a three-level mixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: Thirty-three articles describing 30 RCTs (n = 1748) were included. Photobiomodulation significantly reduced the risk of severe oral …

Preoperative Health During A Pandemic: An Observational Study Assessing Lifestyle Changes In Patients Associated With Covid-19 In Western Australia, Nadine Radin, Dana Hince, Jim Codde, Paola Chivers, Dale W. Edgar

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background and Aim: Healthcare service disruptions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic led to substantial changes in surgical pathways across public hospitals in Western Australia (WA). These disruptions, compounded by restrictions and containment measures, influenced the health and lifestyle behaviours of the WA community, including patients awaiting surgery. This study aimed to assess changes in self-reported modifiable lifestyle risk factors among patients during COVID-19. Methods: This observational study analysed hospital patient data across three seasonally matched calendar periods: Period 1 (January–March 2019 vs 2020), Period 2 (March–July 2019 vs 2020), and Period 3 (July–December 2019 vs 2020). Multivariable regression models were …

Utilizing And Optimizing Forecasting Models For Nursing Demand: A Narrative Review, Kalpana Singh, Liyan Ajit D. Souza, Ananth Nazarene, Amane Mounia, Mahmoud Abdelwahab Khedr, Ahmad Mousa, Rebecca Rejo George, Abdulqadir J. Nahwan

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Accurately forecasting nursing demand is essential for effective workforce planning in the context of increasing patient volumes and the growing complexity of healthcare systems. Reliable forecasting supports optimal staffing, enhances patient care quality, and reduces operational risks. However, traditional forecasting approaches are increasingly challenged by evolving clinical demands, rising chronic disease burden, and rapid technological advancements. Aim: This narrative review aimed to (1) map existing models used for predicting nursing demand, (2) identify key predictive methodologies, data inputs, and evaluation metrics, and (3) highlight existing gaps and implications for healthcare policy and workforce management. Methods: A comprehensive narrative literature …

Abca4 Versus Prph2-Associated Retinopathy: Clinical And Electrophysiological Findings, Rachael C. Heath Jeffery, A. Thompson, Johnny Lo, Andrea L. Vincent, Minal Patil, Lorenzo Bianco, Maurizio Battaglia Parodi, Lucia Ziccardi, Carmen Dell’Aquila, Lucilla Barbano, Wei Chao Tang, Choi Mun Chan, Camiel J.F. Boon, Jonathan Hensman, Ta Ching Chen, Chien Yu Lin, Pei Lung Chen, Ajoy Vincent, Anupreet Tumber, Elise Heon, John R. Grigg, Robyn V. Jamieson, Elisa E. Cornish, Benjamin N. Nash, Jeremy Chou, Tina M. Lamey

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to characterize the clinical features, electrophysiology, and variant spectrum in ABCA4- and PRPH2-retinopathies and to identify novel electrodiagnostic biomarkers to differentiate between these two genotypes. Methods. We conducted an international multicenter case-control study of patients with a clinical and genetic diagnosis of ABCA4- or PRPH2-retinopathy. Age at symptom onset, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), electroretinography (ERG) components, and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging were compared. Subgroup exploratory analysis was performed on those patients with a phenotype similar to central areolar choroidal dystrophy (“CACD-like”), those with flecks distributed throughout the posterior pole (“fleck-like”) and a healthy …

Disuse-Induced Muscle Atrophy And Muscle Weakness From Hospitalization To Spaceflight: Exercise Succeeds In Prevention And Treatment—A Meta-Analysis, Camila S. Padilha, Figueiredo, Rafael Deminice, S. Ribeiro, Robert U. Newton, Nicolas H. Hart, José Cesar Rosa-Neto, Marília Seelaender, Fábio Santos Lira

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Exercise has been proposed as both a preventive and therapeutic countermeasure; however, its effectiveness across different disuse conditions and timings of implementation remains uncertain. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis (PROSPERO: CRD42021256599) searched ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Central, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL and SciELO from inception to May 2021, with an update in March 2025. Randomized and nonrandomized controlled trials examining exercise interventions during or after muscle disuse were included according to the PICOS framework. Random-effects meta-analysis evaluated effects on muscle strength, power and mass across hospitalization, bed rest and spaceflight conditions. Effect sizes (ES) are reported as …