Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Feeling Smarter: The Impact Of Emotional Intelligence And Situational Academic Stressors On Resilience, Coping, And Well-Being, Jenna Bohrer

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Since its inception, Salovey and Mayer’s (1990) construct of emotional intelligence has been associated with positive outcomes from heightened academic performance to resilience (Connor & Slear, 2009; Costa & Faria, 2020). The present study focused on the impact of emotional intelligence and academic stress on coping, resilience, and psychological well-being within a college population. It was hypothesized that those high in emotional intelligence would employ more approach coping strategies and fewer avoidance coping strategies compared to those low in emotional intelligence, and that the higher stress scenario would result in more avoidance and less approach coping compared to the moderate …

A Salute To Robert Key Dismukes: A Mentor For Translational Research In Human Factors, Janeen Adrion Kochan

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

As the fields of study associated with human factors (aviation psychology, cognitive systems engineering, engineering psychology, etc.) become broader in scope, the drive to bring the findings from academic research to those who can benefit from study findings must also expand. This paper honors Robert Key Dismukes, Ph.D., through a case study that illustrates how the bridge from research to practice (and back to research) can be built and how human factors professionals can translate and share what they know with new scientists, target populations, and the public at large. This review of Dr. Dismukes’ work demonstrates how the findings …

Validation Of Computerised Aptitude Selection System (Compass) In Predicting Success Of Uav Applicants In The Republic Of Singapore Air Force (Rsaf), Karunakarar Thevaki, Lim Yuhan, Christopher De Roza, Janine Loi En Qi, Grace Yip Kam Luen

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

The study examined the predictive validity of the Computerised Aptitude Selection System (COMPASS) that was set up to support the RSAF in its selection of pilots and other vocations. COMPASS measures cognitive abilities theoretically identified to be relevant to the vocation and was introduced for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) pilot selection since 2003. With fast changing technological advancement of the UAVs, it is important that validation studies are regularly conducted to improve the effectiveness of the test suite in predicting training success. 219 UAV Pilot applicants’ COMPASS scores were analysed against their actual training outcomes to determine a theoretically and …

The Effect To Human Performance And Wellbeing Of Air Traffic Management Operational Staff Through The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nathan Vink

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic reduced air traffic levels in Europe by up to 95% and the system had to respond quickly to preserve safety, maintain efficiency and performance. Operators were significantly affected both in terms of individual and team performance, as well as the longer-term impact to skills and attitudes. Human Performance data from Operators has been collected through this period. The impact to safety risk due to underloading of human performance, as well as the longer-term impact to wellbeing and competencies of operators was analysed. The largest impact to staff was reduced performance because of anxiety and uncertainty around the …

Airspace Complexity For Pilots Operating In High-Density Terminal Airspace: New York Case Study, Divya C. Chandra, Andrea Sparko, Andrew Kendra, Janeen Kochan

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Performance-based navigation (PBN) has been implemented in the redesign of terminal airspace across the National Airspace System (NAS). However, some locations, such as the New York metro area (NY), have not adopted PBN widely. Modernizing flight operations at high-density terminal airspace like NY is challenging, but also has the potential for significant operational benefits if successful. This research aims to understand the flight deck perspective on flying in high-density terminal airspace. We analyzed 73 events from the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS) to assess flight operations at four major NY airports before COVID-19. We defined and explored the concept of …

Hazard Analysis For Human Supervisory Control Of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Elias B. Johnson, Andrew N. Kopeikin, Nancy G. Leveson, Andrew W. Drysdale

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) operations are shifting from multiple operators controlling a single-UAS to a single operator supervising multiple-UAS engaged in complex mission sets. To enable this, there is wide consensus in literature that limitations in human cognitive capacity require shifting low-level control responsibilities to automation so that human operators can focus on supervisory control. However, hazard analyses to identify related safety concerns have largely been unexplored. To address this shortfall, this paper applies System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) on an abstracted model of a multi-UAS system. This hazard analysis approach handles complex systems and human-machine control interactions together. The paper …

Examining The Changing Roles And Responsibilities Of Humans In Envisioned Future In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems, Lawrence Prinzel Iii, Kyle Ellis, John Koelling, Paul Krois, Misty Davies, Robert Mah

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Advances in technology are enabling new concepts of operations that will trans-form aviation including increasingly autonomous capabilities to handle evolving complex dynamic ecosystems like those associated with Advanced Aerial Mobility. A major challenge is how to ensure today’s safety levels are maintained as the system scales for rapid detection and timely mitigation of safety issues. NASA has developed a concept of operation for In-Time Aviation Safety Management Systems (IASMS) that represents a system-of-system perspective on interconnected capabilities needed to proactively reduce risk in complex operational environments where unknown hazards may exist. As a result, NASA research priorities include understanding how …

Pilot Is A Pilot Is A Pilot: Exploration Of Effects Of National Culture In Helicopter Pilots, Anna Kaminska, Amy Irwin, Devin Ray, Rhona Flin

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Culture has been identified as a factor influencing the way people communicate and behave. Though often imperceptible by its members, cross-cultural interactions can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. The current study explored how national culture interacts in the cockpit and affects pilots’ safety behaviours. The study used in-depth semi-structured interviews with 15 participants (14 helicopter pilots) to collect data on national culture’s impact. The data were analysed using conventional content analysis. Content analysis indicated two categories relevant to working with others irrespective of culture and three categories relevant to perceptions of national culture. The findings indicate that pilots acknowledge the …

Applying Human Factors Heuristic Evaluation Tools To Improve Aviation Weather Displays: A Mismatch, John Kleber, Paige Lawton, Beth Blickensderfer

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Background. Weather-related accidents have one of the highest fatality rates among General Aviation (GA) accidents. Pilots obtain graphical and textual weather information from aviation weather displays during both preflight planning and while inflight. Interpretation scores of weather products remain low regardless of pilot certification/rating. Previous research identifies poor usability as one cause of weather displays' low interpretability. Given the frequency of updates to weather displays, a rapid usability assessment technique is needed. Heuristic evaluations are a common method for quickly identifying usability problems. Heuristics evaluations entail expert reviewers evaluating an interface using a validated set of heuristic guidelines. This paper …

Resilience Engineering’S Potential For Advanced Air Mobility (Aam), Christopher Nemeth, Jon Holbrook

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

The national airspace (NAS) will rapidly evolve in the next ten to twenty years. Plans for Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) during that period envision highly automated airspace management systems and electrically powered vehicles. AAM concepts also anticipate limited human roles. The goal of limiting the human role is to minimize the potential for misadventures, yet how the human role is limited needs to be carefully considered in order to also preserve the potential for human successes. The field of resilience engineering (RE) focuses on how systems can change in order to seize an opportunity or withstand an unforeseen challenge. RE …

Speed-Accuracy Trade-Offs And General Systems Performance Theory: Novel Application To Fitts’ Law And Beyond, Lawrence R. Disalvi, George V. Kondraske

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Speed-accuracy trade-offs have long been of interest in human performance. General Systems Performance Theory (GSPT) was motivated by human performance measurement and modeling needs. It has subsequently been applied in those and other areas. In GSPT, all system performance attributes are modeled using a resource construct. Systems are characterized by multi-dimensional performance capacity envelopes (PCEs). The systems of interest here are considered to possess limited speed and accuracy performance resources defining a two-dimensional PCE. When considering human movement, relevance to Fitts’ law was conjectured. In multiple Fitts’ paradigm tasks, we found a near-perfect correlation between Index of Performance (IP) and …

What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Overview Model, Glenn E. Littlepage, Michael B. Hein, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Much of the work of pilots, flight attendants, air traffic controllers, aircraft mechanics, and flight operations center personnel is done in teams and coordination within and between teams is required. This is the first in a five-article series discussing theory and research relating to teamwork in aviation. This article presents a comprehensive model of teamwork in aviation. It builds on leading teamwork theories and integrates other aviation-relevant constructs such as decision making, technology, and culture. All components of the model have been extensively supported in the general team literature, but the extent of aviation-specific research varies considerably across constructs. Additional …

Observing On-Demand Aircrew Transitioning From Paper To Electronic, Charla L. Long, Kevin M. Gildea

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

The introduction of electronic flight bags (EFBs) for flight crew use has reduced the overall workload, except in some situations if not designed properly or employed effectively. Researchers from the Civil Aerospace Medical Institute (CAMI) undertook an observational study combined with crew interviews to assess overall flight crew operations including flight demands, procedures, and the methods the crews used to integrate EFBs into all aspects of their flights from preflight planning to postflight debrief. The researchers also examined the EFB applications (apps) themselves for general usability and developed some recommendations for ways EFB use in operations could be improved. General …

New Dentist News (May 2021), Ada Committee On The New Dentist

New Dentist News

New Dentist News offers timely information on scientific, social, educational, political and economic developments affecting new dentists. This collection is historical and items may not reflect current standards. For up-to-date information contact the ADA. The New Dentist News was alternately titled ADA Lifeline, 1997-June 2001.

2021-05-01_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

Peptidomimetic Inhibitors: Molecular Modeling And 3d Visualization, Sonika Tahiliani

Senior Honors Projects

Zoonotic viruses, including coronaviruses, Ebola virus, HIV, influenza, and more, are ubiquitous and can emerge as significant human pathogens capable of global epidemics and pandemics. Most often, researchers spend their time and resources targeting only the human pathogens and developing therapeutic compounds to treat the associated diseases. However, a missed opportunity is targeting the zoonotic host instead and aiming to acquire the chemical and structural knowledge to inform us of the evolutionary path of the virus. The bat coronavirus HKU4 belongs to the same lineage as the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and shows high sequence similarity. This is …

Implementation Of Hypertonic Saline Sliding Scale Protocol In A Neuroscience Icu, Guillermina A. Nelson

Cohort IX

Cerebral edema, a complication that can occur in acute ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes, can lead to detrimental effects. Hypertonic saline therapy is use to obtain therapeutic hypernatremia to prevent further cerebral edema. In a neuroscience intensive care unit (ICU) setting, patients admitted with acute stroke and at risk for cerebral edema, are treated with hypertonic saline solution and the rate adjustment according to plasma serum sodium results every 4-6 hours. After a 10-day Reflective Practice Log, I gained insight of this issue. After a literature review, approval The University of Texas at El Paso Institutional Review Board (IRB), I started …

Motivational Interviewing During In-Center Hemodialysis To Improve Medication Adherence, Pamela O. Ogbonna

Cohort IX

Background: Living with end-stage renal disease can be a daunting experience for the individual; it takes a toll on the caregivers and affects the family dynamics. Patients are predisposed to numerous health comorbidities, resulting in polypharmacy to treat those conditions. Adherence to phosphate binder remains highly important to prevent a high serum phosphate level in patients receiving hemodialysis. According to the American Kidney Fund survey (2018), 75% of patients with end-stage renal disease reported skipping or missing at least one pill or a dose of medicine within the past week. A collaborative conversational style such as motivational interviewing has been …

A Quality Improvement Report: Assessing The Geriatric Population For Anxiety Using The Gad-7, Lirio E. Lopez-Urias

Cohort IX

Working with geriatric patients, I have had a firsthand view of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their well-being. While visiting my patients in their homes, I have become aware of several issues. These were highlighted in my practice review, during which I documented the diagnoses and interventions used in my practice with my geriatric patients in a 10-day reflective log. In particular, reports of anxiety drew my attention. In my practice, I have noticed that I assess anxiety by accepting self-reporting. Within the ten days covered in the reflective log, 15 out of 26 patients reported uncontrolled anxiety. …

A Quality Improvement Project To Enhance Self-Management Support For Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Tanya M. Guerrero

Cohort IX

Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a significant global healthcare threat due to multiple and often life-threatening complications. More than 10.5% of the population in the United States has type 2 diabetes mellitus, with the rate in El Paso, Texas, markedly higher at 15.3%. A 10-day reflective practice showed that patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus often experience uncontrolled hemoglobin A1c levels and high serum blood glucose levels. A review of the literature, in addition to information from the American Diabetes Association, the American Heart Association, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, demonstrated that the use of self-management support …

Using Motivational Enhancement Therapy To Achieve Cpap Compliance, Monicke Magnon

Cohort IX

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder in which an individual’s airway closes or partially closes several times in a night. OSA impacts an individual’s sleep quality if left untreated, which commonly leads to daytime sleepiness, headaches, cognitive impairments, and depressive or irritable mood. Most noteworthy are several health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease, linked to untreated sleep apnea. Currently, the first-line treatment for moderate-to-severe OSA is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), which acts as a pneumatic splint to prevent the airway closures associated with the condition. Although it is an efficacious treatment, a significant problem is lack of …

Validating Stress Tolerance Exercise With Game-Based Assessment And Stress Checklists, Jóhann Wium

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Stress tolerance is an important attribute for air traffic controllers. Assessing an individual’s stress tolerance should therefore be considered when selecting student air traffic controllers. Unfortunately, measures of stress tolerance are often self-reports and as such are subject to “faking good”. This paper details the validation of an observation-based stress tolerance exercise and its convergent validity with behavioral signs of stress (from stress checklists) and results of game-based assessments of Emotional Stability and Performance Under Pressure. The resulting data suggests that ratings from the exercise are valid and that game-based assessments can be used to predict ratings made from observable …

Organizational Safety In Airline Operations, Esa Rantanen, Erik-Jan Hujibrechts

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Organizational accidents is a category of accidents caused by organizational factors. They are rare but have widespread consequences, many defenses and multiple causes, they are associated with judging and deciding, and have a long “history”. Organizational accidents are also associated with highly regulated industries, such as aviation. There are several other constructs related to organizational factors undermining safety. Aviation is unfortunately closely associated with the traditional “Safety I” thinking, where adverse outcomes can be found at the end of causal chain and treating, and preferably eliminating, the causes will increase safety by preventing future accidents. An alternative view is “Safety …

Utilizing Immersive Technologies In The Air Traffic Control Domain, Shivani Bajaj, Andrew Jorquera, Charlie Duff, Rafael N.C. Patrick

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) holds a vital role in the United States, employing over 14,000 Air Traffic Control/Management (ATC/ATM) specialists responsible for managing roughly 43,000 flights each day. ATC education “wash-out” rates have shown that there is a disconnect between the training process and the implementation of cognitively demanding, safety-critical ATC duties. The purpose of this research was to investigate if, how, and where immersive technologies (i.e., augmented, virtual, and mixed reality) could be helpful within the ATC/ATM educational domain. To accomplish the overall research goal, subject matter expert (SME) interviews were conducted and a potential educational tool was …

Does Attention Training Enhance Stress Resilience And Performance In Unforeseen Safety-Critical Situations?, Christine M. Talker

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

Dealing successfully with unforeseen safety-critical situations is a prerequisite for save pilot performance. Studies applying new attention-based training approaches have revealed positive effects on emotion regulation and on concentration abilities. Hence, the question arises to what extent attention training would facilitate cognitive adaptation processes, thereby attenuating emotional stress responses and reducing performance decrements in unforeseen flight situations. Twenty-four pilots will be randomly assigned to two groups and will either be trained in attention regulation or in relaxation techniques. “Home training” will be followed by training in the flight simulator. Performance ratings, video and audio recordings, subjective data, and EDA data …

Loss Of Situational Awareness During Commercial Flight Over Colombian Mountains, Oscar Sarmiento Mejia

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

No abstract provided.

The Skill Assumption -Over-Reliance On Perception Skills In Hazard Assessment, M M Rene Van Paassen, Jelmer R. Reitsma, Erik_Jan A M Hujibrechts, Clark Borst, Annemarie Landman, Max Mulder

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

In the analysis of human performance and human error, considerable attention is given to the cognitive processes of actors involved in error or success scenarios. Even with awareness of hindsight bias, it takes effort to understand the actions of agents in later inspection of error scenarios. One such topic of heated discussion was the perceived poor performance of pilots in the two 737 MAX MCAS-related crashes in applying the “memory item” checklist pertaining to a runaway trim. In this paper, we argue that it is not so much the reproduction of the checklist that was lacking in these scenarios, but …

Situational Awareness Training For Operators Of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, Tarryn Kille, Paul R. Bates, Seung Young Lee, David Murray Kille

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

In civilian operations, the utilisation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is diverse and the application needs and performance characteristics also vary widely. To this end, the growing opportunities for UAV operations have generated an urgent need for trained operators to ensure these systems are used effectively and safely. This paper discusses the importance and integration of appropriate non-technical skills (NTS) training with a focus on situation awareness (SA) to further improve UAV mission effectiveness. The paper explores technical design and human factors challenges impacting on UAV operations. While technical design solutions to UAV systems and interfaces are examined, the authors …

Recommended Training Practices To Prepare Pilots To Cope With Information Conflicts, Meredith Carroll, Paige Sanchez, Donna Wilt

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

As the next generation of flight deck information systems are being utilized on the flight deck, pilots now have greater amounts of information at their fingertips. Although redundant sources of information allow pilots to crosscheck, they also introduce the potential for information conflicts. There is a need to ensure pilots are trained to effectively evaluate, integrate and make decisions based on information from redundant, and potentially conflicting information. Based on findings from a literature, we present several best practice guidelines for preparing pilots to effectively respond to conflicting information. Based on data collected during a questionnaire study administered to a …

What We Know About Teamwork And Multiteam Coordination In Aviation: Teamwork Communication And Decision Making In Aviation, Michael B. Hein, Glenn E. Littlepage, Andrea M. Georgiou

International Symposium on Aviation Psychology - 2021

A variety of teams operate within aviation and decisions are made both within individual teams and with multiteam collaboration as well. As a result, multiple decision contexts exist and communication issues are ubiquitous. Two different approaches to decision making are described. The utility of each approach may vary across situational factors such as time pressure and attentional capacity. This is the fourth in a five-article series discussing theory and research relating to teamwork in aviation. This article presents a core piece of the comprehensive model of teamwork in aviation,