Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of The Evolution, Structure, And Function Of Sars-Cov And Sars-Cov-2 Spike Proteins, Tai Michaels

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

As the COVID-19 pandemic has developed into the largest pandemic of the twenty-first century, it has become apparent that this disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is unlike anything the modern world has faced before. Not only has the disease infected more than 16 million people worldwide, but its rapid spread has drawn global attention to the gaps in our understanding of its pathogenesis and the development of vaccines and treatments. One of the most important topics of research in the disease is the viral spike (S) protein which facilitates binding and entering host cells and plays a key role …

Applications Of Bayesian Inference For Modelling Dynamic Instability In Neuronal Dendrite Morphogenesis, Daniel Fridman

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

Neurons are complex biological systems which develop intricate morphologies and whose dendrites are essential in receiving and integrating input signals from neighboring neurons. While much research has been done on the role of dendrites in neuronal development, a further understanding of dendrite dynamics can provide insight into neural development and the cellular basis of neurological diseases such as schizophrenia, Down’s syndrome, and autism. The Jonathon Howard lab hypothesizes that microtubules are a primary driving force in dendrite dynamics. Since it is known that microtubules display dynamic instability, rapidly transitioning between growth, paused, and shrinking states, the Howard lab proposes a …

Adapting Decarbonylation Chemistry For The Development Of Prodrugs Capable Ofin Vivodelivery Of Carbon Monoxide Utilizing Sweeteners As Carrier Molecules, Ladie Kimberly De La Cruz, Xiaoxiao Yang, Anna Menshikh, Maya Brewer

Faculty and Student Publications

Carbon monoxide as an endogenous signaling molecule exhibits pharmacological efficacy in various animal models of organ injury. To address the difficulty in using CO gas as a therapeutic agent for widespread applications, we are interested in developing CO prodrugs through bioreversible caging of CO in an organic compound. Specifically, we have explored the decarboxylation-decarbonylation chemistry of 1,2-dicarbonyl compounds. Examination and optimization of factors favorable for maximal CO release under physiological conditions led to organic CO prodrugs using non-calorific sweeteners as leaving groups attached to the 1,2-dicarbonyl core. Attaching a leaving group with appropriate properties promotes the desired hydrolysis-decarboxylation-decarbonylation sequence of …

A Novel Missense Mutation In Tnni3k Causes Recessively Inherited Cardiac Conduction Disease In A Consanguineous Pakistani Family, Shafaq Ramzan, Stephanie Tennstedt Stephanie Tennstedt, Muhammad Tariq, Sheraz Khan, Hafiza Noor Ul Ayan, Aamir Ali, Matthias Munz, Holger Thiele, Asad Aslam Korejo, Shahid Mahmood Baig

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Cardiac conduction disease (CCD), which causes altered electrical impulse propagation in the heart, is a life-threatening condition with high morbidity and mortality. It exhibits genetic and clinical heterogeneity with diverse pathomechanisms, but in most cases, it disrupts the synchronous activity of impulse-generating nodes and impulse-conduction underlying the normal heartbeat. In this study, we investigated a consanguineous Pakistani family comprised of four patients with CCD. We applied whole exome sequencing (WES) and co-segregation analysis, which identified a novel homozygous missense mutation (c.1531T>C;(p.Ser511Pro)) in the highly conserved kinase domain of the cardiac troponin I-interacting kinase (TNNI3K) encoding gene. The behaviors of …

The Impact Of The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine On High-Grade Cervical Lesions In Urban And Rural Areas: An Age–Period–Cohort Analysis, Jaimie Z. Shing, Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel, Marie R. Griffin, Rachel S. Chang, Staci L. Sudenga, James C. Slaughter, Manideepthi Pemmaraju, Edward F. Mitchel, Pamela C. Hull

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Disparities in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination exist between urban (metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs)) and rural (non-MSAs) regions. To address whether the HPV vaccine’s impact differs by urbanicity, we examined trends in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grades 2 or 3 and adenocarcinoma in situ (collectively, CIN2+) incidence in MSAs and non-MSAs among Tennessee Medicaid (TennCare)-enrolled women aged 18–39 years and among the subset screened for cervical cancer in Tennessee, United States. Using TennCare claims data, we identified annual age-group-specific (18–20, 21–24, 25–29, 30–34, and 35–39 years) CIN2+ incidence (2008–2018). Joinpoint regression was used to identify trends over time. Age–period–cohort Poisson regression models …

The Impact Of A Community Based Rehabilitation Program In Afghanistan: A Longitudinal Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching And Difference In Difference Analysis, Jean-Francois Trani, Juanita Vasquez-Escallon, Parul Bakhshi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that the achievement of equal rights, empowerment and social inclusion of people with disabilities requires comprehensive rehabilitation services encompassing all components of the World Health Organization Community based rehabilitation (CBR) matrix: health, education, livelihood, social and empowerment. CBR programs specifically aim to deliver such comprehensive interventions. In the present study, we investigate the impact of a CBR program in Afghanistan on all these components.

METHODS: We enrolled 1861 newly recruited CBR participants with disabilities in the study, from 169 villages between July 2012 and December 2013 …

Theta-Burst Stimulation Entrains Frequency-Specific Oscillatory Responses., Ethan A. Solomon, Michael R. Sperling, Ashwini D. Sharan, Paul A. Wanda, Deborah F. Levy, Anastasia Lyalenko, Isaac Pedisich, Daniel S. Rizzuto, Michael J. Kahana

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Brain stimulation has emerged as a powerful tool in human neuroscience, becoming integral to next-generation psychiatric and neurologic therapeutics. Theta-burst stimulation (TBS), in which electrical pulses are delivered in rhythmic bouts of 3-8 Hz, seeks to recapitulate neural activity seen endogenously during cognitive tasks. A growing literature suggests that TBS can be used to alter or enhance cognitive processes, but little is known about how these stimulation events influence underlying neural activity.

OBJECTIVE: Our study sought to investigate the effect of direct electrical TBS on mesoscale neural activity in humans by asking (1) whether TBS evokes persistent theta oscillations …

Does The Medical Student Performance Evaluation Change The Decision To Invite Residency Applicants?, Terra N. Thimm, Christopher S. Kiefer, Mara S. Aloi, Moira Davenport, Jared Kilpatrick, Jeffrey S. Bush, Lindsey Jennings, Stephen M. Davis, Kimberly Quedado, Erica B. Shaver

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Introduction: Although emergency medicine (EM) residency program directors (PD) have multiple sources to evaluate each applicant, some programs await the release of the medical student performance evaluation (MSPE) to extend interview offers. While prior studies have demonstrated that MSPE content is variable and selectively positive, no prior work has evaluated the impact of the MSPE on the likelihood to invite (LTI) applicants for a residency interview. This study aimed to evaluate how information in the MSPE impacted LTI, with the hypothesis that changes in LTI would be relatively rare based on MSPE review alone.

Methods: We conducted a prospective, observational …

Cephalocaudal-Remote Approach, David Ledesma

Student Capstone Papers

This opinion paper introduces a global, top-down, bottom-up, and lateral perspective on occupation, known as the Ledesma Cephalocaudal-Remote Approach, which can be used to build an integrated, holistic occupational therapy practice. This approach combines the Ayres (1960, 1966, 1972, 1979) cephalocaudal and vestibular sensory-motor development (confirmed by Lane et al., 2019); the Wilke et al. (2017) remote interoceptive, proprioceptive, and nociceptive stretching, based on Myers (2017) myofascial chain approach; the Serino (2019) peripersonal and multisensory-motor approach; the Leisman et al. (2016) bidirectional dynamic influence of motor activity and cognition approaches, and the Sadil (2019) evidence for rapidly learned low-level associations …

Evaluation Of Cyclic Fatigue And Bending Resistance Of Coronal Preflaring Niti File Manufactured With Different Heat Treatments, Soram Oh, Su-Young Moon, Antonis Chaniotis, Eugenio Pedullá, Adel S. Al-Ghamdi, Zawzi A. Al-Ghamdi, Ayman O. Mandorah, Hiran Perinpanayagam, Kee-Yeon Kum, Ove A. Peters, Seok W. Chang

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Coronal preflaring NiTi files should possess proper hardness, resistance to fracture and flexibility. This study compared the bending resistance and cyclic fatigue resistance of three orifice preflaring NiTi files. HyFlex EDM Orifice opener (#25/12), HyFlex CM (#25/08) and One Flare (#25/09) were tested (n = 46/instrument). Bending resistance was assessed with the stress when perpendicular displacement was applied to a 3 mm point from the file tip, and was performed at either room temperature (RT, n = 10) or body temperature (BT, n = 10). Cyclic fatigue resistance was tested with an artificial ceramic root canal at RT (n = …

Identifying The Content And Context Of Pain Within Paediatric Rheumatology Healthcare Professional Curricula In The Uk: A Summative Content Analysis., Rebecca Rachael Lee, Janet E. Mcdonagh, Mark Connelly, Sarah Peters, Lis Cordingley

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: The curriculum for professionals working in paediatric rheumatology should include pain but it is unclear to what extent this currently occurs. The aim of this study was to identify pain-related curriculum content and the context in which pain is presented in educational and training documentation for healthcare professionals in this clinical speciality.

METHODS: Core curricula documents from UK based professional organisations were identified in partnership with healthcare professionals. Documents were analysed using a summative content analysis approach. Key pain terms were quantified and weighted frequencies were used to explore narrative pain themes. Latent content was interpreted qualitatively to explore …

Elevated Lipid Oxidation Is Associated With Exceeding Gestational Weight Gain Recommendations And Increased Neonatal Anthropometrics: A Cross-Sectional Analysis, Jill M. Maples, Samantha F. Ehrlich, Nikki B. Zite, Kevin J. Pearson, W. Todd Cade, Courtney J. Riedinger, Maire M. Blankenship, Rachel A. Tinius

Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Deviations from gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations are associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal outcomes. There is a need to understand how maternal substrate metabolism, independent of weight status, may contribute to GWG and neonatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential link between maternal lipid oxidation rate, GWG, and neonatal anthropometric outcomes.

METHODS: Women (N = 32) with a lean pre-pregnancy BMI were recruited during late pregnancy and substrate metabolism was assessed using indirect calorimetry, before and after consumption of a high-fat meal. GWG was categorized as follows: inadequate, adequate, or excess. Shortly …

Meet An Ipe Student Champion From Thomas Jefferson University, Emily Romano

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

I had the opportunity to be involved with JCIPE even before I was a Jefferson student! I spent a year working at the Camden Coalition and got to assist with analyzing Student Hotspotting (SH) surveys. After coming to SKMC, I participated in the Health Mentors program in my first and second years and then went on to join an SH team during my third year. I got to serve as an alumni advisor for an SH team the following year and have since been working on a qualitative study of the SH process with an interprofessional team representing occupational therapy, …

Accelerating Interprofessional Trailblazing, Ivy Felicidad Oandasan, Md, Mhsc, Ccfp, Fcfp

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

After the JCIPE conference, our co-director, Dr. Brooke Salzman, sat down with Dr. Ivy Oandasan to learn more about her and her work. We highlight some of the conversation with Dr. Oandasan, a leader in IPE based in Canada.

Meet An Ipe Faculty Champion From Thomas Jefferson University, Emily Scopelliti, Pharmd, Bcps

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

I proudly work with JCIPE as a facilitator for Introductory and Advanced TeamSAFE programs and as an advisor for the Hotspotting program. In these roles, I work with students to strengthen communication skills and teamwork to promote patient safety as well as provide guidance for an interprofessional student team as they navigate the healthcare system and community resources to assist patients with complex health and social needs.

Meet An Ipe Student Champion From Thomas Jefferson University, Krista Garrison

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

From Fall 2019 - January 2021, I had the opportunity to be a graduate assistant (GA) for JCIPE. This experience gave me the opportunity to be involved in a variety of programs. My main projects included working with Team Care Planning, the TeamSAFE program and mainly Hotspotting. My work with Team Care Planning involved analyzing and preparing data from previous sessions.

The Clarion Case Competition, Jordan Mak, Cat-Trinh Phan, Francesca Girone, Mary Lloyd

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

Hosted by the Center for Health Interprofessional Programs, University of Minnesota, the CLARION National Interprofessional Case Competition is designed to give healthcare students an interprofessional teamwork experience. In 2021, JCIPE sent a strong team consisting of two pharmacy students, Jordan Mak & Cat-Trinh Phan, and two nursing students, Francesca Girone & Mary Lloyd, to represent Jefferson. Our team successfully developed an innovative solution proposal to build a better healthcare system by conducting a root-cause analysis of a fictionalized event. Over the course of the project, our team formed a strong relationship, which culminated in a presentation and a …

How Structural Competency Can Help Dismantle Structural Racism, Peter S. Cahn, Phd

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

In the case of Mr. Sinclair, any proponent of interprofessional collaborative practice could identify lapses in team performance. Failures in communication prevented crucial information from reaching the appropriate health professionals. Some members of the hospital staff may not have fully understood the scope of their and their colleagues' roles. Fellow patients exhibited more respect for Mr. Sinclair's dignity than the clinicians who encountered Mr. Sinclair.

Jcipe Update

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

JCIPE Update

From The Editors

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

When last we wrote, we were just beginning to reflect on the global upheaval encapsulated in the COVID-19 pandemic and the new urgency to confront systemic racism. Some areas of the world have emerged from COVID-19 lockdowns while others are battling new variants with catastrophic consequences. The disparities in vaccine distribution continue to be an urgent problem, along with vaccine hesitancy, building trust between patients and the healthcare system, and establishing access to healthcare for underserved populations. So, while we may be nearing the end of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is much work to be done to tackle the complexities …

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education And Evaluation (Jcipe), Volume 12, Number 1, Spring/Summer 2021

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

In this Issue

1 - Letter from the Editors

2 - JCIPE Update

3 - How Structural Competency Can Help Dismantle Structural Racism

5 - The Clarion Case Competition

6 - Meet an IPE Student Champion from Thomas Jefferson University

7 - Teamwork (Really Does) Make the Dream Work! Lessons Learned from Implementing Citywide Infrastructure with Interdisciplinary Teams

8 - Meet an IPE Faculty Champion from Thomas Jefferson University

8 - Accelerating Interprofessional Trailblazing

8 - Meet an IPE Student Champion from Thomas Jefferson University

11 - 2021 James B. Erdmann Award Recipients

2021 James Erdmann Award Recipients

Collaborative Healthcare: Interprofessional Practice, Education and Evaluation (JCIPE)

Jefferson Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education (JCIPE) congratulates this year's interprofessional education (IPE) and collaborative (CP) award winners and thanks them for all their efforts to support and advance this work on campus and beyond. Their contributions are immeasurable!

Metagenomic Characterization Of Swine Slurry In A North American Swine Farm Operation, A. Ramesh, E. S. Bailey, V. Ahyong, C. Langelier, M. Phelps, N. Neff, R. Sit, C. Tato, J. L. Derisi, A. E. Greer, G. C. Gray

Public Health

No abstract provided.

2021-08-20_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

2021-08-20_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

2021-08-20_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 183 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (132 Emergency Departments (ED), 51 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, …

2021-08-20_Michiganoverview_Covidvaccinestats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data

The COVID Vaccine Dashboard page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98178_103214-547150--,00.html.

Previously reported numbers of administered vaccine doses may change as new data are received. A possible lag in reporting vaccine doses will result in increases in numbers previously reported.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Division of Immunization from data reported to the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR).

The dashboard contained the tabs Vaccines Delivered, Delivery Trend, Doses Administered, Doses by Vaccine, Doses Metrics, Coverage, Age/Sex, Race/Ethnicity, Enrolled Providers, and …

Coronavirus Update 8-20-21, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

Thanks to all of you who joined our town hall meeting for students and parents last night. We hope your questions were answered. Because of the impending storm (see below), we have moved the faculty and staff town hall to Tuesday at 3:30.

Surgical Education And Training In The Us: A Collaborative Effort To Deliver The Next Generation Of Surgeons., Hope T. Jackson, Khashayar Vaziri, Barbara Lee Bass

Health Sciences Education Research

The foundational principles of surgical training in the USA are based on didactic education, structured skill training, and experiential learning in surgical patient care with the supervision of surgical faculty. A consortium of professional organizations, academic institutions, and teaching hospitals with surgical faculty provide the structural framework, policies, and curriculum to train and evaluate surgeons capable of independent practice. This manuscript describes the roles of the organizations responsible for surgical training in the USA and highlights areas in evolution in the modern surgical education landscape.

Factors Associated With Voluntary Refusal Of Emergency Medical System Transport For Emergency Care In Detroit During The Early Phase Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Nicholas E. Harrison, Robert R. Ehrman, Andrea Curtin, Damon Gorelick, Alex B. Hill, Erin Brennan, Robert Dunne

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

Importance
Emergency department (ED) and emergency medical services (EMS) volumes decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic, but the amount attributable to voluntary refusal vs effects of the pandemic and public health restrictions is unknown.

Objective
To examine the factors associated with EMS refusal in relation to COVID-19 cases, public health interventions, EMS responses, and prehospital deaths.

Design, Setting, and Participants
A retrospective cohort study was conducted in Detroit, Michigan, from March 1 to June 30, 2020. Emergency medical services responses geocoded to Census tracts were analyzed by individuals’ age, sex, date, and community resilience using the Centers for Disease Control and …