Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Stimming Expresses Empathy, Not To Be Masked Or Persecuted: A Scoping Review And Case Study Of The “Double-Empathy Problem” Solved By Recognizing The Autism Language, Kathryn Haas

Student Capstone Papers

This article critically examines autism and autistic stimming through the lenses of neurotypicals and autistics, evaluates confines currently imposed upon autistics by neurotypical society, and synthesizes what autistic leaders have expressed about their experiences striving for inclusion (Gernsbacher, 2017; Milton, 2012). Autistic-led studies are now at the forefront of the neurodiversity movement and are growing in fervor. The following themes were identified: (a) prevalence of autism, (b) the interpretation and measurement of empathy, (c) discovery of genetic factors transformed autistics’ identity, (d) publication of non-genetic factors such as vaccines undermined the legitimacy of the autism language, (e) the problem with …

Antipsychotic Medication Administration In Oregon Assisted Living/Residential Care Settings: Analyzing An Action Situation, Sarah Dys

Dissertations and Theses

Antipsychotic medication use (APU) in assisted living and residential care (AL/RC) settings is an under-studied and controversial health policy issue. APU in older adults with dementia is associated with an increased risk of falls, hospitalizations, and early mortality. I operationalize the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework using a situational analysis approach, an extension of grounded theory methods, to explore the APU in Oregon AL/RC settings. Regulatory deficiency citations, Oregon AL/RC population data, and semi-structured interviews suggest that staff role clarity, organizational characteristics, and perceived agency influence decision-making around APU. AL/RC providers and caregivers are forced to simultaneously balance and prioritize …

Design And Development Of A Mobile Health (Mhealth) Platform For Dementia Prevention In The Prevention Of Dementia By Mobile Phone Applications (Prodemos) Project, Melanie Hafdi, Esmé Eggink, Marieke P. Hoevenaar-Blom, M. Patrick Witvliet, Sandrine Andrieu, Linda Barnes, Carol Brayne, Rachael Brooks, Nicola Coley, Jean Georges, Abraham Van Der Groep, Harm Van Marwijk, Mark Van Der Meijden, Libin Song, Manshu Song, Youxin Wang, Wenzhi Wang, Wei Wang, Anders Wimo, Xiaoyan Ye, Eric P. Moll Van Charante, Edo Richard, Prodemos Consortium

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Background:

Mobile health (mHealth) has the potential to bring preventive healthcare within reach of populations with limited access to preventive services, by delivering personalized support at low cost. Although numerous mHealth interventions are available, very few have been developed following an evidence-based rationale or have been tested for efficacy. This article describes the systematic development of a coach-supported mHealth application to improve healthy lifestyles for the prevention of dementia and cardiovascular disease in the United Kingdom (UK) and China.

Methods:

Development of the Prevention of Dementia by Mobile Phone applications (PRODEMOS) platform built upon the experiences with the Healthy Aging …

Phase 3 Safety And Efficacy Of Azd1222 (Chadox1 Ncov-19) Covid-19 Vaccine, Ann R Falsey, Magdalena E Sobieszczyk, Ian Hirsch, Stephanie Sproule, Merlin L Robb, Lawrence Corey, Kathleen M Neuzil, William Hahn, Julie Hunt, Mark J Mulligan, Charlene Mcevoy, Edwin Dejesus, Michael Hassman, Susan J Little, Barbara A Pahud, Anna Durbin, Paul Pickrell, Eric S Daar, Larry Bush, Joel Solis, Quito Osuna Carr, Temitope Oyedele, Susan Buchbinder, Jessica Cowden, Sergio L Vargas, Alfredo Guerreros Benavides, Robert Call, Michael C Keefer, Beth D Kirkpatrick, John Pullman, Tina Tong, Margaret Brewinski Isaacs, David Benkeser, Holly E Janes, Martha C Nason, Justin A Green, Elizabeth J Kelly, Jill Maaske, Nancy Mueller, Kathryn Shoemaker, Therese Takas, Richard P Marshall, Menelas N Pangalos, Tonya Villafana, Antonio Gonzalez-Lopez

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of the AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) vaccine in a large, diverse population at increased risk for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in the United States, Chile, and Peru has not been known.

METHODS: In this ongoing, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 clinical trial, we investigated the safety, vaccine efficacy, and immunogenicity of two doses of AZD1222 as compared with placebo in preventing the onset of symptomatic and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) 15 days or more after the second dose in adults, including older adults, in the United States, Chile, and Peru.

RESULTS: …

Accuracy Of Routine 2d Echocardiography To Estimate Pda Type And Dimension And Predict Device Selection For Successful Pda Occlusion, Mohammed Omar Galal, Zaheer Ahmed, Arif Hussain, Masroor Sharfi, Yahia El Mahdi, Fayzah El Khattab, Amjad Alkouatli, Riad Abou Zahr

Journal of the Saudi Heart Association

Background: Assessment of the shape and dimensions of PDA is usually done angiographically and in the majority of cases need arterial access. Our aim was to evaluate the value of routine 2 D echocardiography (ECHO) in predicting type, dimensions of PDA and to anticipate device size to be used during the intervention. Material and Methods: The charts of all patients who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA between January 2015 and December 2020 were reviewed. Their pre-procedure ECHO and catheterization details at the time of device closure were analyzed. Results: Total of 139 patients were reviewed and 8 were excluded because …

Building A Robust E-Learning Module Scorecard: The Nebraska E-Learning Scorecard (Nescore), Tammy Webster, Alissa Fial, Peggy Moore, Shireen Rajaram, Ronald Shope, Dele Davies

Innovations in Health Sciences Education Journal

Teaching during a pandemic has compelled educators to transform traditional strategies towards more innovative solutions. These innovative solutions use a variety of educational technologies, and often, shift delivery modalities to an online or blended approach to learning. A key strategy in online teaching is the development of quality e-learning modules based on the core tenets of e-learning. E-learning modules aim to enhance knowledge, performance, and retention through interactive and engaging strategies. While the value of a quality e-learning module is well-supported in the literature, there are limited resources available for developers to assess if the module adheres to the core …

Pedagogical Analysis Of The Participation Of The National Teams Of Uzbekistan And China In The Xxxii Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympic Games In Weightlifting, Rashid Masharipovich Matkarimov

Eurasian Journal of Sport Science

Purpose: Assessment of technical and tactical training of highly qualified weightlifters of Uzbekistan and China at the XXXII Summer Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020.

Methods: The criteria for evaluating the technical and tactical training of weightlifters are evaluated by indicators of their effective use of the opportunities provided at competitions. That is, excellent if opportunities above 85% are used, good if opportunities above 70% are used, satisfactory if opportunities above 60% are used, unsatisfactory if opportunities below 60% are used.

Results: At the XXXII Summer Olympic Games of the Uzbekistan national weightlifting team, held in Tokyo, Japan, in 2020, 4 …

2021-12-15 Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Disparate Impacts Of Two Public Reporting Initiatives On Clinical And Perceived Quality In Healthcare, Ahreum Han, J. Park

Health Care Administration Faculty Research

Purpose: Transparency is increasingly viewed as a prerequisite for value-based health care that invites quality in the assessment of achieved value. However, nowadays the ability of transparency initiatives to enhance quality of care remains obscure, if not rejected. Thus, this study aims to investigate how transparency initiatives influence two types of quality of care: clinical and perceived quality.

Methods: First, factor analyses were conducted to construct three dependent variables: healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), 30-day readmission rates, and patient satisfaction. Then, the three quality models were compared by running ordinary least squares multiple regressions using STATA 14.1. The existence of …

Implementing Staff Education To Reduce Stress And Increase Resilience, Samantha Lambert, Mariana Corpus, Sherry Chesak, Susanne M. Cutshall, Diane M. Forsyth, Habibo A. Haji

Nursing DNP Projects

Purpose: Persistent levels of high stress among nurses impact work activities and job performance, leading to burnout, compassion fatigue, lower job satisfaction, high workplace turnover, and diminished quality of patient care (Lin et al., 2018). Nurses who demonstrate resilience are better able to adapt to unexpected events with a positive attitude, self-esteem, and tolerance (Huang et al., 2020). The purpose of this project was to decrease stress levels and improve resilience among nursing staff, utilizing education on holistic stress management and resilience techniques.

Methods: A four-hour mindfulness-based education course was provided to staff members (N=76). Components included an initial two-hour …

Filled/Non-Filled Pairs: An Empirical Challenge To The Integrated Information Theory Of Consciousness, Amber R. Hopkins, Kelvin J. Mcqueen

Philosophy Faculty Articles and Research

Perceptual filling-in for vision is the insertion of visual properties (e.g., color, contour, luminance, or motion) into one’s visual field, when those properties have no corresponding retinal input. This paper introduces and provides preliminary empirical support for filled/non-filled pairs, pairs of images that appear identical, yet differ by amount of filling-in. It is argued that such image pairs are important to the experimental testing of theories of consciousness. We review recent experimental research and conclude that filling-in involves brain activity with relatively high integrated information (Φ) compared to veridical visual perceptions. We then present filled/non-filled pairs as …

Bullying In The C-Suite: A Nurse Leader Perspective, Kimberly Ann Colonnelli

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

An estimated 35% of American workers have experienced bullying, and in 80% of those situations, the perpetrator was a supervisor or boss. 1 However, the reality is that bullying can come from anyone in the workplace, including subordinates. Victims are generally well liked and good performers, making them feel like threats to a bully’s power base. Bullying, unlike harassment, is not a legally defined behavior, so no laws currently exist to punish it. Victims are, therefore, at the mercy of their bosses, supervisors, co-workers, and human resource departments for protection or relief. Bullying is not a singular event, but rather …

Covid-19: Does The Timing Of Intubation Affect Overall Outcomes, Jennifer Burvee

Nursing Masters Papers

COVID-19 also known as coronavirus disease of 2019 is a viral illness caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV2 that was discovered in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. To date, there have been over 250 million cases worldwide. The severity of COVID-19 ranges from mild symptoms to critical illness warranting hospitalization within an intensive care unit to death. Current treatment modalities include supportive cares, monoclonal antibodies, interleukin inhibitors, convalescent plasma, therapeutic anticoagulants, anti-inflammatory medications and/or corticosteroids. A common complication due to COVID-19 is acute respiratory failure resulting in pulmonary insult which start as cough but progress to the need for supplemental oxygen …

2021-12-15_Michigandaily_Covidmap, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Daily Michigan COVID-19 Update

The "WHERE WE STAND WITH COVID-19" map was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated daily at 3p.m., Monday - Saturday.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled.

The image contained a map, indicating total cases by county, and also provides statistics on Total Confirmed Cases, Total COVID-19 Deaths, Daily Confirmed Cases, and Daily COVID-19 Deaths. There …

2021-12-15_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https:/www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163-520743--,00.html.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. COVID case and testing data will be posted three times a week on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays.

This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time …

Moderate Prenatal Ethanol Exposure, Sex, And Housing Modify Spatial Navigation Behavior And Hippocampal Cell Firing In Adult Rodents, Christy Magcalas

Psychology ETDs

Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is associated with structural and physiological changes that impact the central nervous system and can result in persistent negative consequences in a broad spectrum of cognitive and behavioral domains including deficits in spatial learning and memory and behavioral flexibility. The current study focuses on examining the behavioral and mechanistic consequences of PAE, sex and housing. Rats were tested in the Morris Water Task where they were trained to navigate to a goal location and tested in a pool shift manipulation. There were no significant differences between PAE treatment, sex, or housing groups during training, but there …

Mapping Neural Responses Onto Innate And Acquired Behavior: From Insect Olfaction To Realizing A Bio-Hybrid Chemical Recognition System, Rishabh Chandak

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

In many organisms, the sense of smell, driven by the olfactory system, serves as the primary sensory modality that guides a plethora of behaviors such as foraging for food, finding mates, and evading predators. Using an array of biological sensors, the olfactory system converts volatile chemical inputs from an organism’s environment into well-patterned neural responses that inform downstream motor neurons to drive appropriate behaviors (e.g., moving towards food or away from danger). For many external cues, the elicited neural responses are often determined by the genetic makeup of the organism, which assigns an innate preference, or valence, for these different …

Il-4i1 Regulation Of Immune Protection During Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection., Lerato Hlaka, Mumin Ozturk, Julius E Chia, Shelby-Sara Jones, Shandre Pillay, Sibongiseni K L Poswayo, Thabo Mpotje, Justin K Nono, Simphiwe R N Simelane, Suraj P Parihar, Sugata Roy, Harukazu Suzuki, Frank Brombacher, Reto Guler

Faculty Research 2021

BACKGROUND: Interleukin 4 (IL-4i1)-induced gene 1 encodes L-phenylalanine oxidase that catabolizes phenylalanine into phenylpyruvate. IL-4i1 is mainly expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs), inhibits T-cell proliferation, regulates B-cell activation, modulates T cell responses, and drives macrophage polarization, but its role in bacterial infections is understudied.

METHODS: We evaluated IL-4i1 deletion in macrophages and mice on infection with virulent H37Rv and W-Beijing lineage hypervirulent HN878 Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains. The bacterial growth and proinflammatory responses were measured in vitro and in vivo. Histopathological analysis, lung immune cell recruitment, and macrophage activation were assessed at the early and chronic stages of Mtb infection. …

Deep Learning Approach To Improved Image Quality For Medical Diagnostics, Olivia Loesch, Katie Leyba, Halyley Chan, Craig Goergen

Discovery Undergraduate Interdisciplinary Research Internship

The United Nation’s health-related Sustainable Development Goals are difficult to achieve in low- and middle-income countries due to workforce shortages and inadequate health surveillance systems. However, with the growth of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer algorithms, it is possible to apply AI to healthcare technologies to improve progress towards these UN standards. This project aims at using and improving computer algorithms and deep learning to aid in the extraction of important structural and functional information from murine carotid artery ultrasound and photoacoustic images. First, we created a large database of simulated photoacoustic images to optimize the algorithms. These images were …

Persistent Polypharmacy And Fall Injury Risk: The Health, Aging And Body Composition Study, Lingshu Xue, Robert M. Boudreau, Julie M. Donohue, Janice C. Zgibor, Zachary A. Marcum, Tina Costacou, Anne B. Newman, Teresa M. Waters, Elsa S. Strotmeyer

Health Management and Policy Faculty Publications

Background

Older adults receive treatment for fall injuries in both inpatient and outpatient settings. The effect of persistent polypharmacy (i.e. using multiple medications over a long period) on fall injuries is understudied, particularly for outpatient injuries. We examined the association between persistent polypharmacy and treated fall injury risk from inpatient and outpatient settings in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods

The Health, Aging and Body Composition Study included 1764 community-dwelling adults (age 73.6 ± 2.9 years; 52% women; 38% black) with Medicare Fee-For-Service (FFS) claims at or within 6 months after 1998/99 clinic visit. Incident fall injuries (N = 545 in …

Measuring Science Teachers' Emotional Experiences With Evolution Using Real World Scenarios, William Lee Romine, Rutuja Mahajan, Amber Todd

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Low acceptance of evolution remains an obstacle to quality biology instruction. We develop and utilize a novel assessment which measures emotional experience in light of real-world evolution education scenarios. We presented 296 science teachers 4 pro-evolution and 8 anti-evolution scenarios and asked them to rate their levels of joy, anger, sadness, fear, disgust, shame, and guilt elicited by that scenario on an ordinal 5-point scale. We used exploratory factor analysis to extract the most important dimensions in the teachers’ responses, Rasch analysis to explore the validity of the extracted subscales, and stepwise regression to find the most important factors driving …

“Holistic Risk-Based Site Surveillance – A Data-Based Approach To Site Quality Risk Identification And Assessment In The Pharmaceutical Industry”, Matteo Bernasconi, Thomas Friedli, Nuala Calnan (Editor)

Level 3

Effective quality risk management is fundamental in guaranteeing the development and manufacture of high-quality drugs, reducing drug shortages, and avoiding harm to patients’ health. The ability to accurately assess the actual risk environment, predict potential product quality or supply disruption issues and act to eliminate, prevent, reduce or mitigate them is key to improvements in quality management maturity. This paper illustrates a just-launched research project aimed at developing a comprehensive framework for how to assess and predict risks by leveraging a range of diverse factors.

“Gaining Organisational Acceptance Of A Data Analytics Programme In Eli Lilly”, Anthony Maguire, Marcus O'Mahony

Level 3

This paper describes how Eli Lilly overcame barriers to enable new use of data. This was achieved by adopting a deep understanding of end-user needs and the support of site leaders and end-users to standardise process monitoring. A standard approach of ‘Contexting’, ‘Data-Extraction’, ‘Model build’, ‘On-line Config’, ‘Deploy’, was utilised, using a commercial off-the-shelf software. The paper describes proof of concept demonstrations undertaken and discusses the ingredients to make the journey a success.

Post-Operative Vision Loss Following Cataract Surgery: Lessons Learned From An Eight-Year Analysis, Thanigasalam Thevi

Manipal Journal of Medical Sciences

Background: Cataract is an ageing process and surgery is the only mode of restoring vision. Patients who undergo surgery have only one aim in mind, which is improvement in their visual acuity (VA). However, some patients do not achieve this aim for improved vision after having undergone the surgery. Reasons for worsening vision after cataract surgery should be identified to counsel the patients on the possibility of poorer outcomes so that patients are prepared for such eventualities should they happen. Objective: While cataract surgery restores vision in most, a subset of patients experience worsening vision post-operatively. We investigated various reasons …

Manager Onboarding To Improve Retention, Knowledge, And Confidence To Lead, Christine Asiimwe

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on manager onboarding best practices and their impact on turnover intention, knowledge, and confidence to lead teams in primary healthcare settings.

Background: Primary care onboarding is often insufficient due to competing operational priorities, time constraints, lack of mentorship, and cost. With primary care increasingly the setting for affordable, coordinated, end-to-end patient care, primary care managers must be well-prepared to lead the care team.

Methods: A review of the literature identified best onboarding practices associated with job satisfaction and turnover, reduced time to proficiency, increased knowledge, and confidence to lead. …

Development And Implementation Of An Evidence-Based Practice Mentor Fellowship, Stacy L. Alves

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Projects

Background: The Institute of Medicine (2008) set a goal that 90% of healthcare decisions would be based on the best evidence possible by 2020, yet many challenges remain. Common barriers include clinicians’ beliefs about the value of evidence-based practices, their competency to implement it, and systems issues such as time, resources, and organizational value and preparedness (Melnyk et al., 2017).

Local Problem: A hospital within an integrated health care system sought to increase the use of EBP for clinical decision making. A gap analysis revealed a lack of sufficient EBP mentors to lead efforts to promote system-wide EBP implementation.

Context: …

For The Dead Homie: Black Male Rappers, Homicide Survivorship Bereavement, And The Rap Tribute Of Nipsey Hussle, Melvin L. Williams, Justin K. Winley, Justin A. Causey

Journal of Hip Hop Studies

Ermias “Nipsey Hussle” Asghedom’s murder represented a cultural cataclysmic event that startled the Hip Hop community and triggered previous memories of Black men’s homicidal deaths in the world. Nipsey Hussle’s death inspired touching rap tribute songs by Black male rappers, who sought to commemorate his cultural legacy and express their bereavement as homicide survivors. Rap tribute songs occupy a significant history, as rappers historically employed them to honor Hip Hop’s fallen soldiers, communicate their homicide survivorship bereavement processes, and speak about social perils in the Black community. Framed by critical race (CRT) and gender role conflict theoretical frameworks, this study …

Macrophage-Based Immunotherapies For The Treatment Of Multiple Myeloma, Jennifer Sun

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a cancer of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and represents the second most common hematologic malignancy in the world. Despite an array of novel therapy approvals, MM remains to be incurable. Most patients ultimately relapse and become refractory to previous treatments, which lowers the median survival to only 5–15 months. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gained attention as a promising approach to enhance the body’s natural immune responses to fight cancer. Currently, immunotherapies in MM have largely focused on engaging the T cells; however, many are challenged by insufficient responses, high cost, and/or extensive adverse …

An Investigation Of Sensory Percepts Elicited By Macro-Sieve Electrode Stimulation Of The Rat Sciatic Nerve, Nikhil Shiva Chandra

McKelvey School of Engineering Graduate Student Theses & Dissertations

Intuitive control of conventional prostheses is hampered by their inability to replicate the rich tactile and proprioceptive feedback afforded by natural sensory pathways. Electrical stimulation of residual nerve tissue is a promising means of reintroducing sensory feedback to the central nervous system. The macro-sieve electrode (MSE) is a candidate interface to amputees’ truncated peripheral nerves whose unique geometry enables selective control of the complete nerve cross-section. Unlike previously studied interfaces, the MSE’s implantation entails transection and subsequent regeneration of the target nerve. Therefore, a key determinant of the MSE’s suitability for this task is whether it can elicit sensations at …

Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, And Depression In Association With Incidence Of Type 2 Diabetes Among Mexican Americans In Starr County, Texas, Gabriela Rubannelsonkumar

Honors Program Theses and Research Projects

Previous studies on conditions like obesity, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have explored the correlations between them and various other human conditions, including aortic stiffness, left ventricular hypertrophy and sleep apnea, as they predict possibilities of developing certain diseases in Mexican Americans. This study aims to observe the correlation between lifestyle decisions that could relate to the onset of the depression in normal, prediabetic, and diabetic individuals. These include smoking habits and alcohol consumption. Many papers have previously conducted research on these lifestyle habits as they relate to obesity, hypertension, diabetes, however, have done so in a singular …