Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

N Y State Dent J January 2021

The New York State Dental Journal

The New York State Dental Journal (NYSDJ) is produced by the New York State Dental Association (NYSDA) six times a year, in January, March, April, July, September and November. Each issue features clinical and scientific articles written by researchers and practitioners from around the globe and is subject to review by a panel of specialists convened by the Editor.

Issues include cover and feature articles alongside regular columns with regional news impacting the New York membership including editorial and perspectives columns, legal, association activities, component news, continuing education opportunities, and classifieds.

Methods And Evaluation Outcomes In Speech, Language, And Hearing Camps, Lindsey Paige Carter

Honors Program Theses

This investigation explores survey information on speech, language, and hearing camps throughout the United States. Thirty-seven speech-language pathologists from the United States agreed to complete the survey about their camp and thirteen completed the entire survey. These camps are growing in popularity and express benefits of attendance. There is currently limited research on assessment measures taken pre- and post- camp to determine the effectiveness of these camps. The purpose of this study was to investigate the structure of these camps, pre- and post- camp evaluation methods, how success is defined, and the impact these camps have. Results from the survey …

Pre-Service Students Understanding Of Professional Roles, Anne Whalen Gradoville

Honors Program Theses

This study aims to begin understanding how well pre-service speech-language pathologists and teachers understand their roles in collaboration in the schools. Data were collected from a survey completed by undergraduate and graduate students in the Communication Sciences and Disorders and Education departments at one middle-sized university in the Midwest. Results indicated a wide range of understanding and preparedness. Several themes emerged as to what students feel confident about in terms of collaboration, as well as what they believe they still need to learn before they can be confident in collaborating in the schools. The data provides insight into what pre-service …

Identifying Spanish-English Cognates As Intervention Targets For Speech Sound Disorders With Bilingual Children, Janessa A. Klein

Honors Program Theses

The focus of this thesis was to generate a comprehensive list of age-appropriate words to use in therapy for children ages 3-8 years old. Additionally, the research involved identifying words that are cognates in both Spanish and English. Word similarity was analyzed across languages to identify cognates using a well-known tool, the Crosslinguistic Overlap Scale of Phonology (COSP; Kohnert et al., 2004), which will be described in the methodology. Ideally, these target words will be used in speech therapy by a SLP who is serving preschoolers and early elementary-aged students with identified SSDs. As such, the research question addressed was: …

Precarious Enjoyment: Suicide Contra Schizophrenia, Mohammed Rawwas

Honors Program Theses

Mainstream psychology denies the unconscious, and is therefore unequipped to properly address the problematic of mental health, instead providing the coordinates for the symptom-formation of mental unwellness as a reaction to the inherent split of the subject, through the installation of the myth of the self-identical I. This same myth is perpetuated through capitalist individualism and the imperative to enjoy, and in the University through the discourse of science. The aim of psychoanalysis is to traverse the fantasy of this symptom-formation, and return the split to the subject. Finally, suicide is posited as the inevitable result of a self-identical notion …

Tisagenlecleucel Infusion In Patients With Relapsed/Refractory All And Concurrent Serious Infection., Erin Hall, Dwight E. Yin, Rakesh K. Goyal, Atif Ahmed, Grace S. Mitchell, Shawn D. St Peter, Terrie Flatt, Ibrahim A. Ahmed, Weijie Li, Richard J. Hendrickson, Keith August, Douglas Myers

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

BACKGROUND: Tisagenlecleucel, an anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy, has demonstrated durable efficacy and a manageable safety profile in pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) in the ELIANA pivotal trial and real-world experience. Experience from investigator-led studies prior to ELIANA suggests that infections and inflammatory conditions may exacerbate the severity of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with CAR-T cell therapy, leading to extreme caution and strong restrictions for on-study and commercial infusion of tisagenlecleucel in patients with active infection. CRS intervention with interleukin (IL)-6 blockade and/or steroid therapy was introduced late in …

Seafaring And Impact On Seafaring Families In The Philippines: A Qualitative Study, Queenie Abad

Public Health Theses

Objective/Purpose: The Philippines is the largest occupational source of seafarers for the international shipping industry. Inherent to this occupation are the recurrent and long duration deployments overseas away from the seafarers’ families and communities which may negatively impact family wellness. In this qualitative study, we explored challenges that Filipino seafaring families face and identified protective factors for family and community well-being.Methods: Participants were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. Participants were seafarers and their families. We conducted semi-structured interviews which were audio-recorded, transcribed, and loaded on Dedoose to facilitate line-by-line coding. Data was analyzed with a grounded theory approach using …

Prevalence And Health Burden Of Cardiovascular Disease In Older U.S. Veterans: Results From The 2019-2020 National Health And Resilience In Veterans Study, Cailin Arechiga

Public Health Theses

Importance. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S. and is associated with a range of demographic, military, trauma, and clinical characteristics and physical and mental health conditions. Older military veterans may have an increased risk for CVD, given their advanced age and military experiences. However, the prevalence and health burden of CVD in population-based samples has not been well characterized. Objective. To characterize the current prevalence of CVD, and its association with sociodemographic, military, trauma, and clinical variables in a large, contemporary, and nationally representative sample of older U.S. veterans. Design. Cross-sectional study …

Health Care Utilization And Costs For Dementia Patients In China, Fang Ba

Public Health Theses

The number of people in the world living with Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) continues to rise rapidly, which places a substantial burden on people with dementia (PWD), their families, and the society. Such a burden has been rising faster in low-income and middle-income countries (LMIC) where around two-thirds of PWD live. While prior research documents dementia prevalence in China and indicates its large geographic disparities, no study to date has documented the national pattern of health care utilization, quality and costs in China. The absence of knowledge would largely impede the effective allocation of resources for combating dementia …

United States Long-Term Trends In Adult Bmi From 1959 To 2018 By Income, Education, And Race/Ethnicity, Julia Banas

Public Health Theses

Obesity prevalence has increased dramatically since the 1950s. While cross-sectional comparisons across racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups are abundant, there is less work on long-term trends. We assessed trends in average adult body mass index (BMI) in the United States by income, education, and racial/ethnic groups from 1959 to 2018 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which assesses repeated cross-sectional, representative samples of the United States population. Height, weight, income, education, and race variables were extracted from raw data files; income data was converted to constant dollars prior to analysis. BMI was calculated from height and weight measurements. …

Healthcare Provider Perspectives On The Influence Of Cultural Beliefs On Infant And Young Child Feeding Practices Within Ghanaian Refugee Camps: A Qualitative Analysis, Morgan Nadene Veronica Buchanan

Public Health Theses

Adherence to breastfeeding and complementary feeding recommendations is a proven strategy for promoting the well-being of infants and young children and ensuring their proper development. Cultural beliefs inform caregivers’ likelihood to follow these guidelines as they influence caregivers’ thoughts about maternal behavior during the prenatal and lactation periods, child feeding behaviors, and health. Refugee camps or settlements are a unique space to study the coexistence of cultural beliefs held by residents and staff. Understanding the pathways by which cultural beliefs modulate caregiver infant and young child feeding (IYCF) behavior (and therefore impact child health) within these settings is of paramount …

Melanotic Neuroectodermal Tumor Of Infancy, Mohammad H. Almomani, Rebecca M. Rentea

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (MNTI) is a rapidly growing benign tumor that arises from the neural crest. It typically occurs in infants in the head and neck region. It was described for the first time in 1918 by Krompecher, and since the origin was unknown, it was described as congenital melanocarcinoma. Until 1966, this tumor was characterized by variable names (e.g., retinal anlage tumor, pigmented congenital epulis, melanotic progonoma, pigmented teratoma, atypical melanoblastoma, etc.). However, Borello and Gorlin found that the tumor produces vanillylmandelic acid (VMA), which is produced by other types of tumors that arise from the neural …

Impacts Of Theatre On The Mental Health Of High School Students, Madeline Ludwig

Honors Program Theses

This thesis explores the effects of participation in theatre on mental health in high school students. Though there has been more research since 2008 on mental health and its relation to the arts, there have been very few focused on mental health and theatre. However, the majority of these studies are centered around adults or young children. There is a lack of research centered around the impacts that theatre and drama have on the mental health of high school students. This study specifically focused on college students at the University of Northern Iowa and their reflection on their time in …

Assessing The Comfort Level Of Speech-Language Pathologists In Assessing And Treating Deaf And Hard Of Hearing Children, Kaitlyn Burkamper

Honors Program Theses

When a child is diagnosed with a hearing loss, there are many different facets of their diagnosis to consider, and all of these facets are affected by the configuration, type, and severity of the hearing loss. Because of the patient's age, all decisions are at least impacted, if not made, by their parents or guardians. Depending on these factors, there are options for assistive devices, such as hearing aids, and one of the main concerns is access to language. While signed language is a completely valid path for a child with hearing loss, some parents make the decision that their …

Trsper: A Web-Based Application For Archimedes Spiral Analysis, Rogan Magee, Benjamin Yang, Jeff Ratliff

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background: We built a web-based application of the Archimedes spiral exam that implements clinically validated spiral metrics and tested drawing instructions to define a clinical workflow.

Methods: We designed an HTML5 and Javascript implementation of the spiral exam to run on mobile touchscreen devices. We then recruited 10 volunteers each for 2 experiments designed to validate the programmed spiral metrics and assess how instructions or drawing implement affect the results. In task one, volunteers drew 5 spirals each while following 6 different instruction sets (n=30 spirals each, n=300 spirals total) that varied by support of the drawing hand and tracing …

Ifn-Β Acts On Monocytes To Ameliorate Cns Autoimmunity By Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cross-Talk Between Monocytes And Th Cells., Javad Rasouli, Giacomo Casella, Larissa Ishikawa, Rodolfo Thome, Alexandra Boehm, Adam Ertel, Carolina R Melo-Silva, Elisabeth R. Mari, Patrizia Porazzi, Weifeng Zhang, Dan Xiao, Luis J. Sigal, Paolo Fortina, Guang-Xian Zhang, A M Rostami, Bogoljub Ciric

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

IFN-β has been the treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS) for almost three decades, but understanding the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects remains incomplete. We have shown that MS patients have increased numbers of GM-CSF+ Th cells in circulation, and that IFN-β therapy reduces their numbers. GM-CSF expression by myelin-specific Th cells is essential for the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of MS. These findings suggested that IFN-β therapy may function via suppression of GM-CSF production by Th cells. In the current study, we elucidated a feedback loop between monocytes and Th cells that amplifies autoimmune neuroinflammation, …

School Speech-Language Pathologists' Identification, Use, And Need Of Resources And Materials, Emily Michael, Melissa Tranel, Hannah Fahey

Graduate Research Papers

School speech-language pathologists participated in a survey to determine use of materials and limitations related to access. Participants ranked the communication areas lacking resources and identified materials needed. Areas noted included handouts, evaluation information, and therapy materials/activities. A summary of results and a compilation of resources will be presented.

A Workbook Presenting Fluency Shaping And Narrative Therapy Strategies For School-Age Children Who Stutter, Bailey Nicole Rustad

Honors Program Theses

Stuttering occurs when there are frequent and effortful disfluencies in speech. People who stutter may have individual difficulties with particular sounds, but the research showed that some commonalities exist. Fluency shaping may be a helpful strategy for those who stutter to reduce the occurrence and frequency of and tension in stuttering. The majority of struggles that people who stutter have are related to negative thoughts and feelings about their stuttering, so this is also important to be targeted in therapy. Narrative therapy is a possible option to reduce these negative thoughts and feelings.

In order to provide a resource for …

Maternal Mortality In The United States: Focusing On Societal Impacts And Potential Solutions, Grace Petrzelka

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this research thesis in the format of a literature review is to explore in a multifaceted approach the material that is available on the main causes of maternal mortality in the United States; the social, environmental, and cultural determinants that play a role in past and present mortality rates; and finally, how the possible implementation of solutions to the maternal death rate in America could occur.

Halo Sport Ergonomic Effects On Older Adults' Cognitive, Balance, And Motor Performance, Kristina Cavey

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Purpose: To determine if acute application of transcranial direct current simulation (tDCS), administered via the Halo Sport device, influences performance during cognitive, balance, and a motor task in healthy older adults. In addition, the purpose was to determine if tDCS altered PFC activation during any of the three task domains. Methods: Twelve healthy older adults (50.4 ± 5.1 years old) volunteered to participate in two separate trials of cognitive, balance, and a motor task following 20 minutes of tDCS via the Halo Sport or a Sham condition. Results: There was a significant increase in performance of the non-dominant motor task …

Repeated Word Production Is Inconsistent In Both Aphasia And Apraxia Of Speech, Tyson G. Harmon, Katarina L. Haley, Kevin T. Cunningham, Adam Jacks, Jessica D. Richardson, Peter E. Turkeltaub

Faculty Publications

Purpose: There is persistent uncertainty about whether sound error consistency is a valid criterion for differentiating between apraxia of speech (AOS) and aphasia with phonemic paraphasia. The purpose of this study was to determine whether speakers with a profile of aphasia and AOS differ in error consistency from speakers with aphasia who do not have AOS. By accounting for differences in overall severity and using a sample size well over three times that of the largest study on the topic to date, our ambition was to resolve the existing controversy.

Method: We analyzed speech samples from 171 speakers …

Kinematic And Acoustic Changes To Vowels And Diphthongs In Bite Block Speech, Christopher Dromey, Michelle Richins, Tanner Low

Faculty Publications

Purpose: We examined the effect of bite block insertion (BBI) on lingual movements and formant frequencies in corner vowel and diphthong production in a sentence context. Method: Twenty young adults produced the corner vowels (/u/, /ɑ/, /æ/, /i/) and the diphthong /ɑɪ/ in sentence contexts before and after BBI. An electromagnetic articulograph measured the movements of the tongue back, middle, and front. Results: There were significant decreases in the acoustic vowel articulation index and vowel space area following BBI. The kinematic vowel articulation index decreased significantly for the back and middle of the tongue but not for the front. There …

Recent Advances Of Integrative Bio-Omics Technologies To Improve Type 1 Diabetes (T1d) Care, Nisha Karwal, Megan Rodrigues, David D. Williams, Ryan Mcdonough, Diana Ferro

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex autoimmune disease that currently cannot be cured, only managed. Optimal treatment the of T1D symptoms, requires a multidisciplinary care team, including endocrinologists, educators, primary care providers, health care specialists, genetic counselors, and data scientists. This review summarizes how an integrative approach to T1D drives innovation and quality improvements in health care. Specifically, we highlight how “-omics” technologies facilitate the understanding of different aspects of the disease, including prevention, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment. Furthermore, we explore how biological data can be combined with personal and electronic health records to tailor medical interventions to the …

A Perceptual Study Of Cross-Language Influence On Vocal Fry Use In Women Exposed To Two Languages, Todd A. Gibson, Connie Summers

Faculty Publications

Cross-linguistic influence has been observed across all domains of language. However, nothing is known about the role of cross-linguistic influence in bilingual speakers’ use of vocal fry. Several recent studies have identified an upsurge in the use of vocal fry among female speakers of American English. We sought to identify cross-linguistic influence in vocal fry use by women living in the US and exposed to both English and Spanish. Participants were categorized as functionally monolingual in English (n = 25), functionally monolingual in Spanish (n =23) and relatively balanced bilingual (n = 10) based on responses to language experience questionnaires. …

Stagnation In Psychotherapy: A Transtheoretical Approach, Kristine Mccormick

Graduate School of Professional Psychology: Doctoral Papers and Masters Projects

Doctoral training in clinical psychology emphasizes the importance of utilizing empirically supported psychotherapy methods in pursuit of effective psychotherapy. When treatment is stagnant or ineffective, the focus of training and supervision is often geared toward searching the evidence-base for alternative psychotherapy approaches, or referring to a provider with expertise in a specific method. Using a case example, this paper offers guidance on possible roadblocks to effective psychotherapy treatment, and clear areas to explore before concluding whether psychotherapy is the most helpful intervention for a patient.

Effects Of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Of The Motor Cortex On Cycling Time Trial Performance And Prefrontal Cortex Activation, Abigail Hope Auten

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a neuromodulatory technique that delivers low levels of a constant current via scalp electrodes to specifically targeted areas of the brain. The effects of tDCS on whole-body exercise performance has been of interest in recent literature. Purpose: To investigate if tDCS, administered via Halo Sport, influences time trial performance in trained cyclists, and if changes in exercise performance are associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation and/or muscle oxygenation (SmO2). Methods: Twelve recreationally trained cyclists volunteered to participate in two 10km time trials following 20 minutes of tDCS or a sham condition. Results: T-tests showed …

Effects Of Substance Use Disorder Section 1115 Waivers On Medicaid Population Utilization Of Buprenorphine And Naltrexone, Evangeline Cai

Public Health Theses

Background: In 2015, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) issued guidelines for a Medicaid Section 1115 behavioral health waiver with the intention of improving access to treatment for individuals with substance use disorder (SUD). One provision of the waiver allowed states to lift federal guidelines that originally prohibited states from using Medicaid funds to reimburse adults aged 21-64 years old for SUD services that occurred at “institutions for mental disease” (IMDs) with more than 16 beds. As of February 2021, 31 states have an approved the waiver.

Objective: To determine whether the Section 1115 SUD waivers, originally issued …

Caesarean Delivery Among Women Of Color Is Associated With Risk Of Early Childhood Developmental Delays In Brazil, Haley Case

Public Health Theses

Background. Poverty, racism, and other sources of oppression threaten children’s nurturing environments and associated early childhood development (ECD). Women of Color and their children are disproportionately exposed to risk factors for poor ECD in Brazil. There is a growing body of evidence supporting the claim that unnecessary cesarean section (CS) is associated with poor maternal health outcomes and ECD delays. There is an existing gap in the literature on risk factors, including obstetric factors, of poor ECD among children of Women of Color in Brazil.

Objective. The objective of this thesis was to investigate factors, including obstetric characteristics of CS …

Developing A Framework For Civilian-Military Public Health Operations Involving Non-State Armed Groups, Andrew James Chambers

Public Health Theses

Introduction: The interface of military forces, civilian actors and non-state armed groups (NSAGs) during a public health emergency within an active conflict is a situation fraught with legal and ethical challenges not adequately addressed in established doctrine or international guidance documents. Ongoing public health crises in Yemen and Afghanistan represent the real-world consequences of threats to population health and security if these critical gaps are not addressed. Methods: A list of five diverse medical scenarios was developed as an initial attempt to produce a practical, historically-informed framework for use in future civilian-military (CIV-MIL) training events and guidance. Ten virtual interviews …

Extreme Heat Vulnerability And Spatial Accessibility To Cooling Centers In Connecticut, Nicholas Elton

Public Health Theses

Extreme heat is becoming an increasingly prevalent and prominent environmental health issue under climate change. The goal of this study is to evaluate heat vulnerability at the census tract level in the state of Connecticut and assess the spatial accessibility to cooling centers – an extreme heat intervention. A variety of environmental and sociodemographic variables related to heat and health were identified based on previous literature and used in a varimax-rotated principal component analysis to reduce dimensionality and identify key components that constitute a heat vulnerability score. In addition, cooling center locations were identified based on news media and a …