Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Predicting Risk Factors For Thromboembolic Complications In Patients With Sickle Cell Anaemia - Lessons Learned For Prophylaxis, Salam Alkindi, Anwaar R Al-Ghadani, Samah R Al-Zeheimi, Said Y Alkindi, Naglaa Fawaz, Samir K. Ballas, Anil V Pathare

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

Objective: To assess the clinical and laboratory predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and its relationship to morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study analysed data from patients with SCA that experienced VTE compared with matched control patients with SCA but no VTE (2:1 ratio).

Results: A total of 102 patients with SCA were enrolled (68 cases with VTE and 34 controls). Amongst the 68 cases (median age, 29.5 years), 26 (38.2%) presented with isolated pulmonary embolism (PE). A higher prevalence of splenectomy (73.5% versus 35.3%) was observed in the cases compared with …

Tipping Point: Integrating Social Determinants Of Health Concepts In A College Of Nursing, Victoria H. Davis Dnp, Aprn, Cpnp-Pc, Cne, Crystal L. Murillo Phd, Rn, Chse-A, Anef, Faan, Kate K, Chappell Phd, Aprn, Cpnp-Pc, Coretta Jenerette, Alicia K. Ribar, Karen Worthy Phd, Mph, Rn, Cne, Cnecl, Jeannette O. Andrews Phd, Rn, Faan

Faculty Publications

Background:

State health rankings, national nursing education reform, and increasing awareness of social injustices propelled a college of nursing to transform its strategic plan, infrastructure, and curriculum. The prevalence of social determinants of health (SDOH) in South Carolina indicates a need for the state's health workforce to understand the impact of SDOH and recognize strategies to address and ameliorate SDOH. With the paradigmatic integration of diversity, equity, and inclusion in nursing education, there is a need for programmatic and curricular integration of SDOH to increase awareness, foster understanding, and transform perspectives among nursing faculty, staff, and students.

Method:

Institutional changes …

Challenges For Estimating The Global Prevalence Of Micronutrient Deficiencies And Related Disease Burden: A Case Study Of The Global Burden Of Disease Study, Sonja Y. Hess, Alexander C. Mclain Ph.D., Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Ashkan Afshin, Nicholas J. Kassebaum, Saskia Jm Osendarp, Reed Atkin, Rahul Rawat, Kenneth H. Brown

Faculty Publications

Information on the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies is needed to determine related disease burden; underpin evidence-based advocacy; and design, deliver, and monitor safe, effective interventions. Assessing the global prevalence of deficiency requires a valid micronutrient status biomarker with an appropriate cutoff to define deficiency and relevant data from representative surveys across multiple locations and years. The Global Burden of Disease Study includes prevalence estimates for iodine, iron, zinc, and vitamin A deficiencies, for which recommended biomarkers and appropriate deficiency cutoffs exist. Because representative survey data are lacking, only retinol concentration is used to model vitamin A deficiency, and proxy indicators …

Robotic Spleen Preserving Distal Pancreatectomy (Warshaw Techniqe) In A 12-Year-Old Female., Rachel Harvey, Begum Akay, Pavan Brahmamdam

Conference Presentation Abstracts

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare entity seen in young females. Complete surgical resection is often curative. This video shows a robotic spleen preserving distal pancreatectomy for a SPN in a 12-year-old female using the Warshaw technique. This technique preserves the short gastric and left gastroepiploic vessels allowing for splenic survival after ligation of the splenic vessels. This video demonstrates the feasibility of using the robot to perform this procedure in a pediatric patient. MRI at 18 months follow up showed that the spleen was completely perfused, with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.

Mental Health Treatment In Juvenile Correctional Facilities: Utilizing Assessment To Inform Treatment, Sarah Riccio

Dissertations

Youth in juvenile correctional facilities face a wide range of mental health difficulties. Over the years, the juvenile justice system has prioritized the need for providing appropriate and effective treatment services to youth throughout their detainment. Despite these ongoing efforts, treatment practices in juvenile correctional facilities continue to fall short. This study will first focus on assessment practices within these facilities and the impact current practices have on diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Emphasis will be placed on the importance of comprehensive evaluations for informing diagnosis and determining the individual treatment needs of detained youth. An integrated approach to assessment will …

Relationship Between Mothers’/Caregivers’ Reported Learning Difficulty And Internalizing Symptoms (Anxiety And Depression) Of Children Aged 5–17 Years In Ghana, Queen Angela Norman, Nutifafa Eugene Yaw Dey, Kenneth Owusu Ansah, Francis Arthur-Holmes, Henry Ofori Duah, Pascal Agbadi

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Studies have reported different factors associated with anxiety and depression among children and adolescents. However, studies examining the relationship between learning difficulties and internalizing symptoms of Ghanaian children is scarce. The only study available found that 152 students with learning difficulties who visited a psychology clinic for psychological assessment had high levels of stress and anxiety (Asare & Danquah, 2016). While the study provided preliminary evidence of the relationship between learning difficulties and internalizing symptoms, it had some methodological challenges. For instance, the study used a relatively smaller sample size and subsampled children in Accra. Our study used a nationally …

Parents’ Pandemic Nicu Experience In The United States: A Qualitative Study, Ashlee J. Vance, Kathryn J. Malin, Jacquelyn Miller, Clayton J. Shuman, Tiffany A. Moore, Annella Benjamin

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

Background

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, parents of infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) frequently reported high levels of stress, uncertainty, and decreased parenting confidence. Early research has demonstrated that parents have had less access to their infants in the hospital due to restrictions on parental presence secondary to the pandemic. It is unknown how parents have perceived their experiences in the NICU since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of parents who had an infant in the NICU in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic to …

A Staged Approach To Address Youth Unresponsive To Initial Obesity Intervention: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Katherine R Arlinghaus, Daniel P O'Connor, Tracey A Ledoux, Sheryl O Hughes, Craig A Johnston

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background/objective: Maintenance interventions inherently require BMI improvement to maintain. This overlooks individuals initially unresponsive to obesity interventions. Staged pediatric clinical treatment guidelines were adapted to the school setting to develop an escalated treatment option for individuals initially unresponsive. This staged randomized controlled trial examined differences between escalated treatment (Take CHARGE!) and a maintenance program (PE Planners). Take CHARGE was hypothesized to have greater improvements in BMI as a percentage of the 95th BMI Percentile (%BMIp95) than PE Planners.

Subjects/methods: From 2018 to 2020, 171 middle and high schoolers (BMI Percentile ≥ 85) were recruited from a Houston school district to …

5-Ht Recruits Distinct Neurocircuits To Inhibit Hunger-Driven And Non-Hunger-Driven Feeding, Yanlin He, Xing Cai, Hailan Liu, Krisitine M Conde, Pingwen Xu, Yongxiang Li, Chunmei Wang, Meng Yu, Yang He, Hesong Liu, Chen Liang, Tingting Yang, Yongjie Yang, Kaifan Yu, Julia Wang, Rong Zheng, Feng Liu, Zheng Sun, Lora Heisler, Qi Wu, Qingchun Tong, Canjun Zhu, Gang Shu, Yong Xu

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Obesity is primarily a consequence of consuming calories beyond energetic requirements, but underpinning drivers have not been fully defined. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurons in the dorsal Raphe nucleus (5-HTDRN) regulate different types of feeding behavior, such as eating to cope with hunger or for pleasure. Here, we observed that activation of 5-HTDRN to hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (5-HTDRN → ARH) projections inhibits food intake driven by hunger via actions at ARH 5-HT2C and 5-HT1B receptors, whereas activation of 5-HTDRN to ventral tegmental area (5-HTDRN → VTA) projections inhibits non-hunger-driven feeding via actions at 5-HT2C receptors. Further, hunger-driven feeding gradually activates ARH-projecting 5-HTDRN …

Dash Diet Adherence And Cognitive Function: Multi-Ethnic Study Of Atherosclerosis, George D Daniel, Haiying Chen, Alain G Bertoni, Stephen R Rapp, Annette L Fitzpatrick, José A Luchsinger, Alexis C Wood, Timothy M Hughes, Gregory L Burke, Kathleen M Hayden

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background and aims: The Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet has been associated with better cognitive function in studies of predominantly White participants; few studies have examined this association in diverse cohorts. Our objective was to examine the association between the DASH diet and cognitive function in the diverse Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) cohort.

Methods: Among 4169 MESA participants, we evaluated prospectively, the association between DASH diet adherence and cognitive function. Participants completed a food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002) and cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), Digit Symbol Coding …

Intermittent Bolus Feeding Does Not Enhance Protein Synthesis, Myonuclear Accretion, Or Lean Growth More Than Continuous Feeding In A Premature Piglet Model, Marko Rudar, Jane K Naberhuis, Agus Suryawan, Hanh V Nguyen, Barbara Stoll, Candace C Style, Mariatu A Verla, Oluyinka O Olutoye, Douglas G Burrin, Marta L Fiorotto, Teresa A Davis

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Optimizing enteral nutrition for premature infants may help mitigate extrauterine growth restriction and adverse chronic health outcomes. Previously, we showed in neonatal pigs born at term that lean growth is enhanced by intermittent bolus compared with continuous feeding. The objective was to determine if prematurity impacts how body composition, muscle protein synthesis, and myonuclear accretion respond to feeding modality. Following preterm delivery, pigs were fed equivalent amounts of formula delivered either as intermittent boluses (INT; n = 30) or continuously (CONT; n = 14) for 21 days. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and muscle growth was …

Conolidine: A Novel Plant Extract For Chronic Pain, Amber N. Edinoff, Akash S. Patel, Mitchell W. Baker, Jesse Lawson, Christopher Wolcott, Elyse M. Cornett, Kambiz Sadegi, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Pain, the most common symptom reported among patients in the primary care setting, is complex to manage. Opioids are among the most potent analgesics agents for managing pain. Since the mid-1990s, the number of opioid prescriptions for the management of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased by more than 400%, and this increased availability has significantly contributed to opioid diversion, overdose, tolerance, dependence, and addiction. Despite the questionable effectiveness of opioids in managing CNCP and their high rates of side effects, the absence of available alternative medications and their clinical limitations and slower onset of action has led to an …

Hospital-Based Professional Spiritual Care: Evaluating The Utilization, Availability, And Impact Of Chaplains., Kelsey B. White

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

BACKGROUND: The Affordable Care Act, enacted in 2010, transformed healthcare policy and forced hospitals to reevaluate traditional methods for care delivery. Researcher advocated for patient-centered models of care to reduce costs, address inequitable access to services, and improve service quality. These models prioritize patient values, preferences, and beliefs inclusive of patients’ religious and spiritual needs. Professional chaplains provide religious and spiritual care within many hospital settings. This dissertation explored the characteristics of hospitalized persons using chaplains, the factors associated with a hospital reporting a chaplaincy department, and how those services impacted patient satisfaction. METHODS: The first analysis used a two-part …

Effects Of Chemosensory Experience And Context On Consummatory Behaviors., Saphira M. Chiu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Eating food generates associations between odors and tastes (i.e., flavor) that guide future choices. Experience with an odor-taste mixture links an odor with a taste’s quality and hedonic value, resulting in a preference for an odor paired with a palatable taste over an odor paired with an unpalatable taste. However, experience with a neutral stimulus (i.e., latent inhibition) or environment (i.e., context) can influence the formation of conditioned associations. Here, I used a two-bottle brief-access task to determine whether rats display an innate preference between unpaired odors (isoamyl acetate and benzaldehyde), how preexposure to the unpaired odors impacts mixture-dependent consummatory …

Collaborative Human-Machine Interfaces For Mobile Manipulators., Shamsudeen Olawale Abubakar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The use of mobile manipulators in service industries as both agents in physical Human Robot Interaction (pHRI) and for social interactions has been on the increase in recent times due to necessities like compensating for workforce shortages and enabling safer and more efficient operations amongst other reasons. Collaborative robots, or co-bots, are robots that are developed for use with human interaction through direct contact or close proximity in a shared space with the human users. The work presented in this dissertation focuses on the design, implementation and analysis of components for the next-generation collaborative human machine interfaces (CHMI) needed for …

The Erasure Of Monosexism: An Exploration Of Identity Development In Bisexual Women, Emma M. Leonard

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Research has shown that bisexual individuals experience poorer mental health outcomes, resulting in depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidal ideation, than their gay or straight counterparts (Calzo, Antonucci, Mays, & Cochran, 2011; Ross, Dobinson, & Eady, 2010; Taylor, Power, & Smith, 2020). These poor mental health outcomes suggest bisexual individuals may be experiencing hardships these other groups are not. This qualitative study sought to gain an understanding of the lived experiences of bisexual women aged 18-25. The researcher sought to gain an understanding of self-identified resiliency factors by the women as it pertains to their sexual/affectional orientation. Detailed interviews were …

Lower Extremity Power And Movement Velocity In Competitive Older Athletes, Becca D. Jordre

Dissertations and Theses

Older adults are a rapidly growing population which house a subset of older athletes who regularly engage in sport competition. The physical health and risk factors of this competitive older athlete population have been largely overlooked by healthcare providers and researchers and are poorly understood. Older athletes exhibit distinctly different measures of physical performance which require unique thresholds to identify health-related risk factors. While lower extremity power and movement velocity have been identified as valuable measures of physical performance and fall risk in community-dwelling older adults this relationship has not been explored in competitive older athletes. One method for analyzing …

Outcome Measures And Demographic Representation Of Voice Studies Of Transgender People: A Scoping Review, Rachel Anthony

Honors Projects

The LGBTQ+ population, specifically transgender individuals, tend to be overlooked in many healthcare services. One significant healthcare service is gender-affirming voice services, which is performed by a Speech-Language Pathologist. The purpose of this study is to perform a scoping review of voice production studies in transgender individuals with a focus on outcome measures and demographic characteristics. Search terms were identified and then applied across three different databases. The results of these databases were cross-checked for duplicates. A criterion was established, and studies were screened by reading the title, and abstract. Relevant articles were uploaded to RefWorks and lastly scanned by …

Strocss 2021: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort, Cross-Sectional And Case-Control Studies In Surgery, Ginimol Mathew, Riaz Agha, Strocss Group, Joerg Albrecht, Prabudh Goel, Indraneil Mukherjee, Prathamesh Pai, Anil K. D'Cruz, Ather Enam, Hammad Ather

Section of Neurosurgery

Introduction: Strengthening The Reporting Of Cohort Studies in Surgery (STROCSS) guidelines were developed in 2017 in order to improve the reporting quality of observational studies in surgery and updated in 2019. In order to maintain relevance and continue upholding good reporting quality among observational studies in surgery, we aimed to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines.
Methods: A STROCSS 2021 steering group was formed to come up with proposals to update STROCSS 2019 guidelines. An expert panel of researchers assessed these proposals and judged whether they should become part of STROCSS 2021 guidelines or not, through a Delphi consensus exercise.
Results: 42 …

Drug Analysis: Using Hplc To Identify Two Common Cutting Agents Often Found Illegal Within Drugs, Jed Black

Senior Honors Theses

Oftentimes, illegal drugs are cut with additional substances, known as cutting agents. These cutting agents fall into two categories: Diluents and adulterants. Diluents have no physiological effect on the user and simply allow the distributor to give the perception of “more product made.” Common examples of diluents are usually everyday household commodities (i.e., sugar or corn starch). On the other hand, adulterants are used to mimic or enhance the drug's physiological effects (i.e., caffeine in cocaine). As such, these do have drug-like properties (i.e., CNS stimulation or depression, etc.). This thesis seeks to use High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to efficiently …

Understanding Blue Light Retinal Damages And The Methods Of Prevention, Amelia Lee

Senior Honors Theses

Light emitting diode (LED) lights that comprise television screens, phone displays, laptops, and tablets have been studied by scientists in order to understand the implications of blue light radiation and the effects that it has on the human body—especially the retina of the eye. The retina is comprised of highly metabolic cells, and when those cells are placed under oxidative stress, death occurs causing ocular disease. Additionally, excess blue light exposure causes shifts in biological rhythms that govern patterns of alertness and sleep. Recently scientists began studying the methods of blue light prevention. Some studies show that blue light radiation …

Do Nursing And Pharmacy Students Practice What They Preach On Safe Drug Storage And Disposal? A Cross-Sectional Study, Tamara Al Rawwad, Patrici K. Schrader, Andrea Brooks, Lillian Duong, Douglas Thornton

School of Social Work Faculty Publications

Background: Research has confirmed a lack of knowledge regarding the risks of unused medications including diversion, misuse, or accidental overdose among health care professionals (Abdulmajeed, 2020). Nurses and pharmacists are often who patients interact with the most regarding medications; therefore, early education on proper storage and disposal is vital (Bowen, Rotz, Patterson, & Sen, 2017; Celio, Ninane, Bugnon, & Schneider, 2018).

Objectives: The study's objective is to explore safe drug storage and disposal knowledge, attitudes, and practices of professional pharmacy (Pharm.D.) and nursing students.

Design: This research is an exploratory cross-sectional study from May to September 2019.

Methods: An anonymous …

Implementing An Evidence-Based Practice Change For Alcohol Withdrawal In An Acute Care Hospital, Theresa Carroll

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) affects a significant portion of the population in the United States. When AUD is either unrecognized or inadequately treated in the acute care setting it can lead to medical complications, increased length or stay (LOS), increased healthcare expense, and increased patient mortality.

PICOT: In a population of adult patients admitted to an acute care hospital progressive care unit (P), how does applying an initial evidence-based screening tool to detect risk for moderate to severe alcohol withdrawal, the PAWSS (I), compare to no standard screening or assessment for potential alcohol withdrawal symptoms (C) affect the …

Continuing Medical Education Delivery Preferences Among Physicians And Advanced Practice Providers In Emergency Medicine., Andrew Kalnow, Jennifer Beck-Esmay, Jeffrey Riddell, John Casey, Jestin N Carlson, Salim R Rezaie, Andrew Little

Medical Education Articles

Study objective We investigate the continuing medical education delivery preferences among emergency medicine providers, both physicians and advanced practice providers (APPs), within a large, national emergency medicine group. Methods A survey was sent via email to all emergency medicine health care providers in the practice group, including questions evaluating both delivery method and topic preference for continuing education. The study was sent to providers whom the group employed from October 2019 through January 2020. Results A total of 2038 providers, 1373 physicians, and 665 APPs completed the survey - a completion rate of 68.7%. In general, practitioners expressed willingness to …

Impact Of The Who Surgical Safety Checklist Relative To Its Design And Intended Use: A Systematic Review And Meta-Meta-Analysis, Kenji T. Sotto, Barbara K. Burian, Mary E. Brindle

Faculty Research, Scholarly, and Creative Activity

Background
The aim of this study was to identify what parts of the World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist (WHO SSC) are working, what can be done to make it more effective, and to determine if it achieved its intended effect relative to its design and intended use.
Study Design
We conducted a qualitative thematic analysis and meta-meta-analyses of findings in WHO SSC systematic reviews following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.
Results
Twenty systematic reviews were included for qualitative thematic analysis. Narrative information was coded in 4 primary areas with a focus on impact of …

Combined Amplification And Sound Therapy For Individuals With Tinnitus And Coexisting Hearing Loss: A Retrospective Cohort Study, Purushothaman Ganesan, Hansapani Rodrigo, Jason Schmiedge, Rob Reiter, Simham Swapna, Vinaya Manchaiah

School of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: The heterogeneity of tinnitus perception and its impact necessitates a tailor-made management approach in everyone. The current study examined the effects of residual inhibition in combined amplification and sound therapy in individuals with tinnitus and coexisting hearing loss.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients with tinnitus and coexisting hearing loss between 2016 and 2019. A total of 72 patients provided with combined amplification and sound therapy were divided into 3 groups based on residual inhibition: (i) complete residual inhibition, (ii) partial residual inhibition, and (iii) negative residual inhibition. Tinnitus severity was measured using the Tinnitus …

The Effect Of Complementary And Alternative Medicine For Migraine Headaches: An Integrative Review, Katelyn Vaughn Spangler

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Migraine headaches continue to be a prominent health concern, affecting a large percentage of the population globally. These headaches have many negative impacts on patients’ lives, including decreased productivity, missed time at work or school, increased suicidal tendencies, and a decreased overall quality of life. Pharmacological approaches for treatment are available but often present with safety concerns, unpleasant side effects, rebound headaches, increased expenses, and a higher rate of emergency department visits. Therefore, many people seek treatment options other than conventional medication to address their migraines. Various complementary and alternative medicine therapies have shown promising results in previous clinical trials …

Copd Discharge Care Bundles: An Integrative Review, Leigh Goodwin Wingo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. It is the reason for millions of emergency room and hospitalizations, increasing healthcare costs, morbidity, and mortality. Many studies have evaluated the effects of COPD patient care bundles to help reduce the risk of 30-60-90-day readmissions post discharge from the hospital for COPD exacerbation. A comprehensive search was conducted on articles dated between February 2015 to January 2020 in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL, OVID, internet search, and Liberty University online library. This review included articles based on the effectiveness of COPD discharge …

Test Transferability Of 3d-Mot Training On Soccer Specific Parameters, Micaela Dusseault

Honors Theses

Objective: The benefits of perceptual-cognitive training in elite level athletes has recently been investigated in multiple sports such as basketball, soccer, and archery, but conclusive evidence proving test transferability of 3D-MOT training is lacking. The purpose of this research is to examine the transferability of perceptual-cognitive training to on-field soccer performance parameters. Participants: NCAA Division I women’s soccer players (n=22) between the ages of 18-25 who were placed into either the experimental group (n=10) or control group (n=12). After baseline testing for both groups to determine visual tracking speed (VTS), the experimental group completed 10 3D-MOT training sessions with NeuroTracker …

Filling The Knowledge Gap For Nurse Leaders: Next Steps Following Covid-19, Mikel W. Hand, Catherine Alexander, Bret Lyman, Joy Parchment, M Lindell Joseph, Esther Chipps

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this article is to share gaps in knowledge and research related to pandemic management identified by nurse leaders during the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger Delphi study, nurse leaders responded to an open-ended question about gaps in research they saw as important following the pandemic. Responses were analyzed using directed content analysis. Results are presented as 4 supercategories: Organizational leadership preparedness, adaptive leadership in crisis, innovations in care delivery, and health, well-being, and resilience.